The new technology delivered in Microsoft® Internet Explorer version 4.0 integrates HTML components such as Web sites, Java™ applets, ActiveX™ Controls, floating frames, and images into the user interface. This allows users to customize their desktop environment and have information on the Web automatically delivered directly to their desktop. Internet Content Providers can leverage their existing tools and production processes to provide users with an enhanced browsing experience with Dynamic HTML.

Web Site Content Arrives on the Desktop

Today, users don't see a Web site's content unless they intentionally visit that site. However, with the release of Internet Explorer 4.0, every user's PC will be turned into an information receiver. Instead of soliciting users to regularly visit their site, Internet Content Providers (ICPs) will be able to broadcast their content directly to users' desktops on a continuing and increasingly personal basis. ICPs can transform their Web site into a server that automatically broadcasts content to channels on the desktop, just as a radio station broadcasts to a radio receiver. Channels give the user a button on the desktop to access a specific Web site and notify the user when the content on that site has changed. Users can also configure channels to automatically download the Web pages into the user's local cache for offline reading. Modifying a Web site to support channels involves relatively minor additions to current production processes on existing Web sites, and no additional server software is required. Web content can also be broadcast to desktop components, which allow users to display any HTML content on their desktop.

The content authoring options available in Internet Explorer 4.0 are designed to increase the visibility of your content, and improve the user experience while viewing that content. Channels promote the enhanced user experience through depth, by providing a more personalized content experience than a browser currently offers. Desktop components promote the enhanced user experience through breadth, by giving users a way to pull together their favorite summarized Web content into a single desktop space. Therefore, ICPs will want to author content for both mechanisms to provide maximum exposure of their Web sites. The additional exposure also helps ICPs maintain an ongoing relationship with their users. Microsoft recognizes that Web publishers need reliable feedback to support advertising and to understand the customers that visit their sites. When connecting to a Web server to update a channel, Internet Explorer can report on the viewing of the channel's pages during offline use, including the demographics of the user. However, Microsoft protects the privacy of the user and never transfers any identification information.


New Ways to Display or Access Web Content

Internet Explorer 4.0 introduces several new mechanisms ICPs can use to display or access the content of their Web pages to users.


Channels

Channels are author-enhanced subscriptions that provide a more accessible Internet user experience. Web sites offering their content as a channel will be required to make a channel definition format (CDF) file available on their Web server. The CDF file, based on a pending HTML standard, provides information about what a Web site is offering, when it should be updated, and how it should be used. The HTML-like file includes a map of a Web site so ICPs can designate which pages from their site should be downloaded, and can include pointers to the channel's screen saver pages. For further information on the CDF files, refer to the channel definition format specification at http://www.microsoft.com/standards/cdf.htm. Channels will not be available until after the initial beta release of Internet Explorer 4.0.

The channel, which sends the stream of content to the user, is represented by a branded logo button in the channel changer. The channel changer contains a list of logo images that represent all channels currently available on the desktop. This allows users to quickly switch between Web sites by clicking the desired channel logo. Support for creating hierarchical channels by adding a new folder to the Channels folder will be implemented in a later release.

Users can install a channel either by clicking an installation button provided on a Web page or by choosing a channel from the default channel guide directory. In future versions, Microsoft will maintain a default channel guide directory that provides a list of channels that can be installed immediately, without having to visit those Web sites and install each channel. Future versions will support the creation of hierarchical channels simply by adding a new folder to the Channels folder.

Once a user installs a channel, Internet Explorer monitors that Web site for new information and automatically retrieves the content for viewing. When the user clicks a channel's button, the latest content from that Web site is immediately displayed in theater view. Theater view creates a TV-like experience by displaying the Web page in full-screen mode and auto-hiding the title and toolbars.


Screen Saver

A channel can also include one or more HTML pages that can be used as the channel's screen saver. The screen saver displays when the user's computer is inactive (the user sets the threshold time). Each installed channel's screen saver page displays in rotation until the user presses a key. Users can view each screen saver page in the rotation by clicking the screen saver toolbar.


Active Desktop Components

Internet Explorer 4.0 introduces the Active Desktop, which provides you with the ability to include HTML documents and components, such as Java applets or ActiveX Controls, directly on the desktop. This allows users to create a highly customized desktop that contains their favorite updated Web content. The Active Desktop renders the desktop from the Desktop.htm file. This file is automatically updated as components are added (or removed) by the user in one of two ways:

•	Clicking an Add Desktop Component button provided on a Web page

•	Accessing the Desktop tab in the Display Properties Control Panel

Because the Active Desktop uses HTML, components can be created using any technique or technology supported by the Internet Explorer browser, including images, Dynamic HTML, ActiveX Controls (for example, IHammer Multimedia Extensions), Java applets, and scripting. This means that ICPs can leverage what they already know to begin publishing information to the Active Desktop. For further information on desktop components, see Creating Active Desktop Components.

The use of HTML on the desktop also provides the support necessary to integrate the Microsoft Windows® shell and the browser. With this integration, the user is able to view local or networked file systems and Web pages in the same application. This Single Explorer allows users to navigate and view multiple types of content in any folder, whether this content is local files or HTML pages on the Internet or local intranet.


HTML-Based Web View of Folders

The release of Internet Explorer 4.0 extends the original folder views in Windows 95 (Large Icons, Small Icons, List, and Details) with a new viewing mode called Web View. This mode allows any folder to be represented as a Web page. Therefore, users can create custom HTML files to view file systems that contain more graphical content such as GIFs and animations via Java or ActiveX Controls. Some ICPs or developers might want to supply Web View Default.htm files in directories created for their products to display important information that is usually presented in a readme file. Web View works on any folder containing an associated HTML template named Default.htm and a Desktop.ini file with the correct Classid that refers to the HTML file. Internet Explorer 4.0 includes these Default.htm templates for some folders, such as My Computer, Favorites, Control Panel, Printers, and History, in the Beta 1 release.


Site Subscriptions

When adding any Web page to the Internet Explorer Favorites list, users will be prompted with a dialog box asking if they want to subscribe to that site. A site subscription causes Internet Explorer to automatically download the updated content of that site at scheduled intervals by using a Web crawling agent. If the local computer connects to the Internet by modem, the site subscriptions can be configured to automatically dial up and download Web pages without user intervention. This allows users to view the cached information from the Web site when they are offline. Site subscriptions are different from the previously mentioned channels feature because channels require sites to implement Dynamic HTML and provide an installation procedure.


Smart Favorites

The smart favorites feature introduced in Internet Explorer 4.0 indicates which Web sites have changed since the user last visited those sites. Updated Web sites are marked with a red gleam on the icon next to the name of the site in the Favorites list. Users can also check both the last time they viewed the site and the last time the site was updated by moving the mouse over the listing, causing the information to appear in a ToolTip. ICPs can implement ToolTip support on their Web sites by including new Internet Explorer META tags in their HTML headers.


New Technologies for Authoring Web Content

Limitations of current browser technology often require HTML authors to choose between interactive pages and speed. Once a page has been loaded, changing the display or content of the page typically requires the entire page to be reloaded. Depending on how extensive the changes are, additional pages might have to be retrieved from the server. Internet Explorer 4.0 includes several new features collectively called Dynamic HTML. These features provide the client-side intelligence and flexibility to enable HTML authors to create interactive pages that dynamically change the display and/or content of a page entirely on the client computer, without requiring the entire page to be reloaded or another page to be retrieved from the server.


Dynamic HTML

Dynamic HTML enables ICPs to create innovative Web sites with interactive pages without compromising performance. As an additional benefit, Dynamic HTML reduces the load on the server and the network by reducing the number of requests sent to the Web server, thus improving the overall performance of Web sites taking advantage of this new technology.

Key features of Dynamic HTML include:

•	Dynamic styles

•	Positioning

•	Dynamic content

•	Multimedia controls

•	Data binding

Together, these combined features enable ICPs to dynamically change the style and attributes of elements, as well as insert, delete, or modify elements and their text after a page has been loaded. Internet Explorer 4.0 automatically updates the display of the page to reflect these changes, including reformatting the document where necessary. Some of these features can be used without scripting, while others are exposed via an object model that can be accessed from scripts and other components within a page (for example, ActiveX Controls, Java applets). The object model is a superset of, and is therefore backward compatible with, the JavaScript object model found in Netscape Navigator 3. Internet Explorer 4.0 continues to support ActiveX Scripting, which gives ICPs the choice of scripting languages to use in their Web pages, including JScript (Microsoft's implementation of a JavaScript-compatible scripting engine) and VBScript. Microsoft will continue to enhance future versions of Internet Explorer to support industry-wide HTML standards.


Dynamic styles

With Internet Explorer 4.0, ICPs can create HTML pages that dynamically change the style of every HTML element in a document. In HTML, styles are specified as element attributes or through cascading style sheets (CSS). The Dynamic HTML object model exposes each and every HTML element in the document, including its attributes, and CSS properties. Using simple scripts, HTML files can dynamically read and change the values of these attributes and CSS properties. For example, dynamic styles can be used to:

•	Show or hide an element (the detail text of a bullet point could be hidden until the user moves the mouse over the bullet).

•	Change the size, color, or other font properties of elements (a title could be highlighted by enlarging the font and changing its color when the user moves the mouse over the title).

•	Change the position of elements on a page (see the following description on positioning).

Internet Explorer 4.0 supports intelligent recalculation to re-render only the sections of the page that changed, including reflowing text paragraphs as needed. For example, if list items are shown or hidden, Internet Explorer 4.0 dynamically adjusts the other related items, including renumbering them where appropriate.


Positioning

Internet Explorer 4.0 supports the ability to position HTML elements with x-y coordinates and z-planes, as specified in the Working Draft on Positioning HTML, with cascading style sheets. This capability allows authors to place elements such as images, controls, or text exactly where they want on the page. By placing objects in different z-planes, HTML pages can have overlapping objects with an order for which object is on top. By manipulating these coordinates and incorporating scripts, HTML elements can be moved around on a page, thus animating it. The combination of dynamic styles, positioning, transparent ActiveX Controls, and transparent images presents authors with a wide variety of animation options.

2D-style layout functionality was first available from Microsoft through the HTML Layout Control, which shipped in Internet Explorer 3.0. Since then Microsoft has been actively working to turn the syntax into an open proposal. This positioning functionality represents the evolution of that 2D functionality.


Dynamic content

In addition to changing the styles on a page, authors can also dynamically change the content of an HTML page. This capability can be used to insert or delete elements in a page, as well as to modify the text of individual elements. In essence, scripts can construct and alter the contents of a document at run time. For example, a script can scan the elements of a page and, using dynamic content, insert a table of contents at the beginning of the page. Furthermore, the table of contents can be made live, using links to bookmarks.


Multimedia controls

Internet Explorer 4.0 includes animation and multimedia controls that can be used to apply visual effects to elements in a page or to the entire page without scripting. These controls support filters, animation, and transitions. Transitions can be used for elements in a page, or for transitions between pages.

Furthermore, these controls leverage new Internet Explorer 4.0 multimedia and animation services. ActiveX Controls and Java developers can take advantage of these services to implement additional multimedia or animation effects.


Data binding

Many HTML pages are based on data, regardless of whether that data is stored in databases or files. Internet Explorer 4.0 incorporates several features to integrate data with native HTML elements. These features make HTML a better environment for displaying and collecting data. The data-awareness features in Internet Explorer 4.0 include:

•	Automatic generation of table rows from data records.
By binding a table to a data source, Internet Explorer 4.0 can automatically create a table row for each record in the data source. This allows the user to view the page while the table is still being rendered. This contrasts with conventional server-generated tables where the server has to generate the entire table before sending the page to the client. The table can also be regenerated on the client after sorting or filtering the data without requiring the server to send additional data.

•	Binding of HTML elements to a specific record.
By designating a record as the current record and binding fields from the record to elements on the page, data from the current record is displayed as part of the HTML in the document.

•	Data-bound form fields.
HTML forms can be created using intrinsic controls and compliant ActiveX Controls. These controls can be bound to fields in a record. Whatever the user enters in the control would then be pushed into the record in the data source control. Based on user command (for example, clicking a button), the data source control would then upload the data to the HTTP server or database.

Internet Explorer 4.0 data binding is implemented through an open architecture by requiring a data source control to be placed on each data-aware page. The data source control is an invisible ActiveX Control that knows how to communicate with a data source (for example, a database). Internet Explorer 4.0 intrinsically understands how to bind HTML elements to fields in the data source control. Internet Explorer 4.0 will include three data source controls to access comma-delimited data in files, SQL data, and JDBC data sources.

For more detailed reference on incorporating Dynamic HTML into Web pages, refer to these documents:

•	HTML for Internet Explorer 4.0

•	Scripting for Internet Explorer 4.0


What's in Beta 1

The following table lists the options available for ICPs interested in establishing a presence in the Active Desktop environment, and the timeline for their implementation.

Feature	Beta 1 release	Future releases
Channels	(No action)	Create a logo image for channel button  Implement the Add Channel button  Implement channel guide directory
Desktop components	Create cool HTML ActiveX Control or Java applet, make it available on your Web site via an ActiveX control.	Create cool HTML ActiveX Control or Java applet, make it available on your Web site via an ActiveX control.
Preferred subscription	(No action)	Create CDF (channel definition format) file  Screen saver content


The Microsoft® Internet Explorer 4.0 Active Desktop is capable of hosting any HTML component, such as Web pages, Java™ applets, ActiveX™ Controls, floating frames, and images. With this technology, users can create a highly customized environment that automatically brings their favorite Web content to the desktop. Internet Content Providers (ICPs) can leverage their existing tools and production processes to enhance their Web content with Dynamic HTML support. The resulting integration of the desktop and the Web benefits users with an enhanced and easier Web experience. ICPs also benefit from the increased presence in the users' working environment.

Publishing Information on the Active Desktop

The following sections describe how Internet Content Providers (ICPs) can create and display content in an Active Desktop component. Examples of Active Desktop component installations are provided at http://www.microsoft.com/ie/ie40/gallery.

Desktop components are placed beside existing desktop shortcuts to give users a highly customizable space for creating dynamic links to their favorite Web content. Desktop components are typically designed to provide summary information in a small amount of screen space. Most components offer hotspots so the user can click on that area of the component to open a new browser window; the user then can read the full story or browse through the rest of the Web site. The following screen snapshot shows an example of an Active Desktop hosting three desktop components on the right side of the screen, with the standard desktop shortcuts placed on the left edge of the screen.

Possible desktop components include:

•	Tickers for sports scores, stock quotes, or weather.

•	Headline lists for news stories or announcements.

•	Pop-up broadcast messages for internal corporate announcements.

•	Notifications for new mail, chat, or public discussion forums.

•	Pictures of sports highlights or breaking news stories. A picture can be configured for daily update; clicking the picture could launch a browser window to preview the related story.

Desktop components are completely customizable:

•	By the end user.
A component can be positioned and resized anywhere on the desktop. The user can also set schedules for updating each component separately.

•	By the corporation.
MIS managers can pick and choose a mix of default desktop components for their clients by workgroup or division. Managers can also lock the desktop components to prevent incorrect configuration by end users, and filter out undesirable content by implementing a full range of security restrictions. Desktops can be configured for roaming access across workstations, and all settings can be administered remotely. Look for these corporate features in an upcoming beta release.

•	By the publisher.
Components can consist of any HTML-based content, including Dynamic HTML, ActiveX Controls, Java applets, scripting, frame sets, and so on. Components can be initially configured with a default update schedule so content providers can manage their server traffic.

Active Desktop components are an evolution of Internet Explorer 3.0 desktop shortcuts. They can be any size or shape and can display any HTML-based content. Components are dynamic and can be configured to update at regularly scheduled times, so their content is always up to date. As part of the information delivery system in Internet Explorer 4.0, the URL associated with any desktop component is automatically added to the user's Subscriptions folder. This has the following effects:

•	All content is automatically cached offline in the user's cache. This makes content available for browsing when no Internet connection is currently available.

•	Users will be automatically notified whenever the component is changed on the server. Internet Explorer 4.0 provides this service automatically for all subscriptions.

•	Each desktop component can be scheduled individually for updates on the client. For example, users could display a sports ticker that is updated once an hour, a news headline service that is updated once a day, and a comic strip that is updated once a week, all sharing space on the same desktop. Internet Explorer 4.0 automatically refreshes the associated HTML content on the desktop whenever the update occurs.


How the Active Desktop Works

The Active Desktop in Internet Explorer 4.0 is built from two separate layers. The transparent icon layer exposes all the user's existing desktop shortcuts, and the background HTML layer hosts all desktop components. The HTML layer is described by a single, local HTML file called Desktop.htm that is created and edited automatically by Internet Explorer 4.0. This file contains the following:

•	HTML tags that represent each desktop component. Each desktop component consists of a single HTML tag with arbitrary x- and y-positions. For further information, see the section on Dynamic HTML in Introducing Internet Explorer 4.0 for a description of 2D positioning and layering. The HTML tag for a desktop component can be either an image (IMG tag) or a floating frame (IFRAME tag), and is generated automatically by Internet Explorer 4.0. The floating frame is the most commonly used approach, because it neatly encapsulates an entire arbitrary HTML document that can contain anything the publisher desires. In either case, there is a single URL that points to the actual content.

•	An ActiveX Control that enables moving and resizing of the desktop components, and helps manage the list of desktop components.

•	Any other static HTML that the user wants to have in the background. By default, this is just a reference to the user's chosen wallpaper, which is exposed as the background watermark for the HTML page.

Users can customize their desktop by installing desktop components designed for Internet Explorer 4.0, or by manually specifying a URL for an image or floating frame. Manual setup requires the user to access the new Desktop option tab in the Display control panel.


Desktop Component Development Guidelines

A component is nothing more than a small, borderless frame embedded on the Active Desktop, that displays a Web page. The Web page can contain anything that a standard Web page can contain, including ActiveX Controls, Java applets, Dynamic HTML, and so on. The Active Desktop lets the user add and remove the frames at will, and adjust their size and position with the mouse.

Users can choose to create a desktop component out of any existing Web page, but the best desktop components are Web pages that have been specifically designed to be used as a desktop component.

When designing a desktop component, there are several guidelines to keep in mind:

•	The component must work offline.
Since most dial-up users do not have a constant connection to the Internet, a desktop component should display some reasonable content in the absence of a connection. This is of key importance, because the desktop is immediately visible when the user launches the operating system, even before the user has a chance to initiate a dial-up session. A component that displays a blank, gray square or an error message while the user is offline is neither useful nor attractive. For this reason, any necessary data files the component requires should be configured to be cached on the user's computer. This can be particularly tricky for Java applets, because image objects typically sit in separate GIF or JPEG files on the Web server. Fortunately, the Internet Explorer 4.0 subscription feature can be configured to cache any object referenced by a desktop component. In the typical case where a component is built from an HTML document inside a floating frame, Internet Explorer 4.0 subscriptions can be set to automatically download any inline images, objects, or applets, and download any number of HTML links n levels deep. The component can also specify individual subscriptions for any data files or objects it might reference. Please note that Java applets and ActiveX controls must be signed so they can access content from the offline cache. For further information on signing Java applets or ActiveX controls, see http://www.microsoft.com/java/ or http://www.microsoft.com/activeplatform/.

•	Avoid using in-place navigation controls.
Desktop components are meant to be lightweight, and therefore have no navigation controls available for the user to move backward and forward. By default, clicking a link inside a desktop component will create a new browser window. The intended purpose of a component is to provide quick summary information and an easy browser-launching mechanism if the user wants more information. Therefore, authors shouldn't create in-place navigation controls, and they shouldn't depend on the Back and Forward commands being available to the component.

•	Smaller is better.
A desktop component needs to share the desktop space with any other icons or desktop components the user has selected. Because this space is completely customizable by the client, desktop components should be authored to be as small as necessary to display their desired content. This gives Active Desktop users the maximum flexibility to arrange their desktop as they wish. A good benchmark is to make sure that the component takes up no more than one-sixth the area of the screen. By default, Internet Explorer lays out new desktop components on a 3×2 grid. As more components are added to the desktop, they will start to overlap each other. For a desktop at a resolution of 640×480, and allowing for reasonable spacing between components, this would translate into a maximum size of no more than 200×200 pixels. This size specification is merely a guideline. Internet Explorer 4.0 does not itself enforce any restrictions on the size of an Active Desktop component.

•	Allow for component resizing and moving.
In the Beta 1 release, all desktop components can be resized. Internet Explorer 4.0 will set the size of the 2D HTML layer that contains the component, and will then try to reflow all HTML content within this space. It's a good idea for ICPs to design components with resizing in mind. In upcoming beta releases, Microsoft plans to allow components to decide how they want to be resized so that, for example, zoom levels could be implemented on a component.

Note that the user can move or resize any desktop component. To make this feature easily discoverable, move and resize features have been implemented so that they become available as soon as the user moves the mouse over a component.

To move a component, the user positions the cursor anywhere over the component. An ActiveX Control that has automatically been added to the desktop HTML document detects the mouse motion and creates a tiny move handle in the upper-left corner of the component. The user can then drag this handle around the screen to reposition the component.

To resize a component, the user positions the mouse cursor over any edge of the rectangular 2D HTML layer that contains the component. The cursor then changes to one of the standard directional resize cursors, and the user can drag it to change the size. However, in the Beta 1 release, component resize is accomplished like move, with a resize handle that is created in the bottom-right corner of the component.

To ensure that the move and resize capabilities are always available to the user, it is highly recommended that ICPs avoid placing links or hotspots within an 8-pixel margin of the edges of the desktop component. Note that aside from the small space occupied by the move handle (and the resize handle in Beta 1), the edges of the component are still completely visible so content can be displayed in this space.

The 8-pixel margin is merely a guideline; Internet Explorer 4.0 itself does not actually make any restrictions on desktop components to enforce the margin. Thus, it is possible to have a link or button outside the margin. The component will still receive the mouse events, the cursor will still change to a resize cursor and the user will still be able to resize the component by continuing to drag the mouse. The move handle, on the other hand, will obscure the upper-left corner and prevent click-throughs. The size of this handle is fixed at 8 pixels across by 25 pixels tall. The following diagram illustrates the layout of a component with a move handle and margins.

•	Avoid pop-up messages.
Today it is common for ActiveX Controls, Java applets, and scripting content to notify the user of error messages or warnings by using modal dialog boxes that overlap the browser window. This is fine when the browser window is in the foreground. However, launching a modal dialog box from a desktop component might confuse the user. If a desktop component delivers a pop-up message to the user while the desktop is not in the foreground, the user might not be sure where the message came from or what to do about it. The typical scenario to avoid is showing error messages when a desktop component can't connect to the server. In these cases, the component should display some type of status message directly in the desktop component itself, preferably with a hotspot or link that lets the user get more information and figure out how to proceed.

•	Use the default color palettes.
A large portion of Internet Explorer 4.0 users have displays that are limited to 256 colors. For these users, Internet Explorer chooses a default palette that is intended to give a broad range of hues across the entire color spectrum. Therefore, it is important to keep in mind exactly what the logo image colors will look like on a 256-color display when authoring an Active Desktop component. For further information on color palette guidelines with Microsoft's Internet Explorer, visit the Internet Explorer 3.0 Web site at http://www.microsoft.com/ie/.

•	Include a rating tag in your component.
Content Advisor is a feature in Internet Explorer that allows parents and supervisors to filter out Web content-based rating labels. This feature is based on the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standard for content ratings, known as PICS (http://www.w3.org/PICS [image]), or Platform for Internet Content Selection. PICS allows for any rating system to be used, and lets the parents or supervisors decide what types of content are acceptable. ICPs should include a rating tag in their HTML files because someone browsing with the Content Advisor turned on will not be able to see content that is not rated. For further information, see Internet Ratings in the Internet Client SDK.


Installing an Active Desktop Component from a Web Page

After creating an HTML page to be used as a desktop component, you may want to allow people to install it on their Active Desktop directly from your Web page. You can accomplish this easily by adding a button to the Web page that invokes a special ActiveX Control specified with the <OBJECT> tag. The following example contains the HTML code necessary to install two Active Desktop components from the same Web page, an image and a Web page. Please note that for multiple component installations on the same Web page, the Object Ids and subroutines that invoke the control must have unique names. Detailed explanations of this example follow in the sections below.

<OBJECT id="MSIE1" width=0 height=0 classid="clsid:11148320-7314-11d0-8a03-00a0c90a90ac">

    <param name="Action"  value="AddDesktopComponent">

    <param name="URL"     value="http://www.mysite.com/myimage.gif">

    <param name="Type"    value="Image">

    <param name="Width"   value="200">

    <param name="Height"  value="150">

</OBJECT>

<OBJECT id="MSIE2" width=0 height=0 classid="clsid:11148320-7314-11d0-8a03-00a0c90a90ac">

    <param name="Action"  value="AddDesktopComponent">

    <param name="URL"     value="http://www.mysite.com/mypage.htm">

    <param name="Type"    value="WebSite">

    <param name="Width"   value="200">

    <param name="Height"  value="200">

</OBJECT>

<A onClick="MSIE1Invoke()" href="http://www.microsoft.com/ie">

    <img src="AddComponentButton.jpg" border=0>

</A>

<A onClick="MSIE2Invoke()" href="http://www.microsoft.com/ie">

    <img src="AddComponentButton.jpg" border=0>

</A>

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="VBSCRIPT">

<!--

    Sub MSIE1Invoke

        Dim theObject

        theObject = 0

        On Error Resume Next

        Set theObject = MSIE1

        If theObject <> 0 Then

            theObject.Invoke

            window.event.returnValue = false

        End If

    End Sub

    Sub MSIE2Invoke

        Dim theObject

        theObject = 0

        On Error Resume Next

        Set theObject = MSIE2

        If theObject <> 0 Then

            theObject.Invoke

            window.event.returnValue = false

        End If

    End Sub

-->

</SCRIPT>

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JAVASCRIPT">

    function MSIE1Invoke() { }

    function MSIE2Invoke() { }

</SCRIPT>


The <OBJECT> tag

The <OBJECT> tag refers to a special ActiveX Control that is included with the Internet Explorer 4.0 download. If the user is not running Internet Explorer 4.0, the <SCRIPT> that follows is designed to let the page degrade gracefully. The first <OBJECT> with an "id" of "MSIE1" controls the installation of an image, and the second <OBJECT> with an "id" of "MSIE2" controls the installation of a Web page component on the user's Active Desktop.

<OBJECT id="MSIE1" width=0 height=0 classid="clsid:11148320-7314-11d0-8a03-00a0c90a90ac">

    <param name="Action"  value="AddDesktopComponent">

    <param name="URL"     value="http://www.mysite.com/myimage.gif">

    <param name="Type"    value="Image">

    <param name="Width"   value="200">

    <param name="Height"  value="150">

</OBJECT>

<OBJECT id="MSIE2" width=0 height=0 classid="clsid:11148320-7314-11d0-8a03-00a0c90a90ac">

    <param name="Action"  value="AddDesktopComponent">

    <param name="URL"     value="http://www.mysite.com/mypage.htm">

    <param name="Type"    value="WebSite">

    <param name="Width"   value="200">

    <param name="Height"  value="200">

</OBJECT>

The "AddDesktopComponent" value in the "Action" parameter specifies what action the ActiveX Control is to perform. The value specified for "URL" is the HTML component to be added to the Active Desktop. The "Type" value should be set to either "Image" or "WebSite," depending on the value of the "URL" parameter. The ActiveX Control uses the "Type" value to determine whether an <IMG> or <IFRAME> tag is placed in the Active Desktop file, Desktop.htm.

The following table shows which parameters ICPs should change for the <OBJECT> tag.

Parameter	Value Range	Comments
URL	Any URL	This URL specifies the component to be installed on a users's Active Desktop.
Type	Image or WebSite	Depends on the URL specified.
Width	0-640	Refer to Desktop Component development guidelines above.
Height	0-480	Refer to Desktop Component development guidelines above.
Note  The maximum values specified for the "Width" and "Height" parameters represent the lowest common display resolution for most monitors. Although these values can be higher, the user will be unable to resize the component if the dimensions are larger than their current display resolution.


The <A> tag

The <A> tag specifies the script to be executed with the onClick parameter. The first <A> tag invokes the "MSIE1Invoke" script for installing the image and the second <A> tag invokes the "MSIE2Invoke" script for installing the Web page. The href parameter specifies what URL to navigate to if the Active Desktop component fails to load because the user isn't running Internet Explorer 4.0. The URL for this parameter should point to the Internet Explorer 4.0 download site obtained from Microsoft.

<A onClick="MSIE1Invoke()" href="http://www.microsoft.com/ie">

    <img src="AddComponentButton.jpg" border=0>

</A>

<A onClick="MSIE2Invoke()" href="http://www.microsoft.com/ie">

    <img src="AddComponentButton.jpg" border=0>

</A>

The <IMG> tag displays the image of a button that users will click to place the component on their Active Desktop by executing the script. This image should be obtained from Microsoft.


The <SCRIPT> tag

The <SCRIPT> tags contain a VBScript procedure that ensures the buttons call the correct installation procedure. The "MSIE1Invoke" subroutine invokes the ActiveX Control that will install the image component, identified as "MSIE1." The "MSIE2Invoke" subroutine invokes the ActiveX Control that will install the Web page component, identified as "MSIE2." The blank Javascript procedures allow the installation of each component to gracefully fail on browsers that do not support the VBScript language.

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="VBSCRIPT">

<!--

    Sub MSIE1Invoke

        Dim theObject

        theObject = 0

        On Error Resume Next

        Set theObject = MSIE1

        If theObject <> 0 Then

            theObject.Invoke

            window.event.returnValue = false

        End If

    End Sub

    Sub MSIE2Invoke

        Dim theObject

        theObject = 0

        On Error Resume Next

        Set theObject = MSIE2

        If theObject <> 0 Then

            theObject.Invoke

            window.event.returnValue = false

        End If

    End Sub

-->

</SCRIPT>

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JAVASCRIPT">

    function MSIE1Invoke() { }

    function MSIE2Invoke() { }

</SCRIPT>


!-- --
Contained in this section are the references that will help you create interactive HTML-based documents for Microsoft® Internet Explorer. Included is a new document that discusses some possible directions for extending HTML to allow repetition and binding of HTML elements and the consequences of data modification.

!-- --

<!-- -->

Comments are ignored by the HTML parser. All text between the beginning of the comment <!-- and the end of the comment --> is ignored.

White space is allowed within the comment but not between the opening <!-- and closing -->. Comments do not nest.

Both the start and end tags are required.


!DOCTYPE

<!DOCTYPE>

Specifies the DTD the document corresponds to.

Both the start and end tags are required.


A

<A
ACCESSKEY=string
HREF=string
ID=string
LANGUAGE=JAVASCRIPT | VBSCRIPT
METHODS=string
NAME=string
STYLE=string
TARGET=string
TITLE=string
URN=string
event = script
>

Anchor elements designate the start or destination of a hypertext link. The Anchor element requires the HREF or the NAME attribute to be specified.

ACCESSKEY=

Specifies an accelerator for the element.

HREF=

Specifies the destination URL or anchor point.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

LANGUAGE=

Specifies the language that the current script is written in.

METHODS=

The METHODS attributes of anchors and links provide information about the functions that the user may perform on an object. These are more accurately given by the HTTP protocol when it is used, but it may, for similar reasons as for the TITLE attribute, be useful to include the information in advance in the link. For example, the HTML user agent may chose a different rendering as a function of the methods allowed; for example, something that is searchable may get a different icon.

NAME=

Specifies the name of the control, bookmark, or applet.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TARGET=

Specifies the window or frame to target the contents at.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

URN=

If present, the URN attribute specifies a uniform resource name (URN) for a target document. The format of URNs is under discussion (1994) by various working groups of the Internet Engineering Task Force.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onafterupdate 	onbeforeupdate

onblur 	onclick

ondblclick 	onfocus

onhelp 	onkeydown

onkeypress 	onkeyup

onmousedown 	onmousemove

onmouseout 	onmouseover

onmouseup

Text and/or images may be within an anchor. To represent images that are anchors, a border in the visited or not visited color is displayed.

Both the start and end tags are required.


ADDRESS

<ADDRESS
ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

The Address element is used to specify information such as address, signature and authorship.

ALIGN=

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


APPLET

<APPLET
CODEBASE=string
DISABLED
event = script
>

Places executable content on the page.

CODEBASE=

This is an optional parameter that specifies the base URL for the applet.

DISABLED

Used to disable an element.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onafterupdate 	onbeforeupdate

onhelp 	onkeydown

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


AREA

<AREA
COORDS=string
HREF=string
ID=string
NAME=string
NOHREF=string
SHAPE=CIRC | CIRCLE | POLY | POLYGON | RECT | RECTANGLE
STYLE=string
TARGET=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Specifies the shape of a "hot spot" in a client-side image map .

COORDS=

Coordinates that define the hot spot's shape.

HREF=

Specifies the destination URL or anchor point.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

NAME=

Specifies the name of the control, bookmark, or applet.

NOHREF=

Indicates that clicks in this region should cause no action.

SHAPE=

Specifies the type of shape used in the image map.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TARGET=

Specifies the window or frame to target the contents at.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onafterupdate 	onbeforeupdate

onblur 	onclick

ondblclick 	onfocus

onhelp 	onkeydown

onkeypress 	onkeyup

onmousedown 	onmousemove

onmouseout 	onmouseover

onmouseup

The start tag is required, and the end tag is optional.


B

<B
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

The Bold element specifies that the text should be rendered in boldface, where available.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

Both the start and end tags are required.


BASE

<BASE
HREF=string
TARGET=string
TITLE=string
>

Specifies the document's base URL.

HREF=

Specifies the document's full URL in case the document gets read out of context and the reader wants to refer to the original.

TARGET=

Specifies the window or frame to target the contents at.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

Base is used to ensure that your document is not reviewed out of context.

This element may only be used within the HEAD tag.

Both the start and end tags are required.


BASEFONT

<BASEFONT
COLOR=color
FACE=string
ID=string
SIZE=string
TITLE=string
>

Sets a base font value to be used as the default font when rendering text.

COLOR=

Set the color to be used by the font or horizontal rule.

FACE=

Sets the current fonts typeface.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

SIZE=

Specifies font size between 1 and 7 (7 is largest).

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

This element may only be used within the HEAD tag.

The start tag is required, and the end tag is optional.


BGSOUND

<BGSOUND
LOOP=string
SRC=string
TITLE=string
>

The BGSOUND tag allows you to create pages with background sounds or "soundtracks."

LOOP=

Specifies how many times a sound or video will loop when activated. Also specifies how many times the marquee should loop.

SRC=

Specifies the URI of a sound to be played.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

This element may only be used within the HEAD tag.

The start tag is required, and the end tag is optional.


BIG

<BIG
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Specifies that the enclosed text should be displayed in a relatively bigger font than the current font.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

Both the start and end tags are required.


BLOCKQUOTE

<BLOCKQUOTE
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Sets apart a quotation in text.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


BODY

<BODY
ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT
ALINK=color
BACKGROUND=string
BGCOLOR=color
BGPROPERTIES=FIXED
ID=string
LEFTMARGIN=variant
LINK=color
SCROLL=string
STYLE=string
TEXT=color
TITLE=string
TOPMARGIN=string
VLINK=color
event = script
>

Specifies beginning and end of document body.

ALIGN=

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

ALINK=

The color for the active link.

BACKGROUND=

Specifies a background picture. The picture is tiled behind the text and graphics on the page.

BGCOLOR=

Sets the background color of the page.

BGPROPERTIES=

Specifies a watermark, which is a background picture that does not scroll.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

LEFTMARGIN=

Specifies the left margin for the entire body of the page and overrides the default margin.

LINK=

The color of shortcuts that have not yet been visited.

SCROLL=

Turns on or off the scrollbars.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TEXT=

Sets the color of text on the page.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

TOPMARGIN=

Specifies the margin for the top of the page and overrides the default margin.

VLINK=

The color of shortcuts that have already been visited.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onafterupdate

onbeforeupdate 	onblur

onclick 	ondblclick

onfocus 	onhelp

onkeydown 	onkeypress

onkeyup 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

onscroll

The BODY element is exposed as the BODY property on the document object.

This element is a block element.


BR

<BR
CLEAR=ALL | LEFT | RIGHT
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
>

Inserts a line break.

CLEAR=

Inserts vertical space so that the next text displayed will be past left- or right-aligned floating images.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

The start tag is required, and the end tag is optional.


BUTTON

<BUTTON
ACCESSKEY=string
DISABLED
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Renders an HTML button, displaying the text between the start and end tags as the label within the button.

ACCESSKEY=

Specifies an accelerator for the element.

DISABLED

Used to disable an element.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onafterupdate 	onbeforeupdate

onblur 	onclick

ondblclick 	onfocus

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

Do not include the SELECT, BUTTON, INPUT, or A within the BUTTON tag.

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


CAPTION

<CAPTION
ALIGN=BOTTOM | CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT | TOP
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
VALIGN=BOTTOM | TOP
event = script
>

Specifies a caption for a table .

ALIGN=

Specifies the alignment of the caption.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

VALIGN=

Specifies whether the caption appears at the top or bottom.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


CENTER

<CENTER
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Causes subsequent text and images to be centered.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


CITE

<CITE
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Renders text in italics.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

Both the start and end tags are required.


CODE

<CODE
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Specifies a code sample.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

Both the start and end tags are required.


COL

<COL
ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT
ID=string
SPAN=integer
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
VALIGN=BASELINE | BOTTOM | CENTER | TOP
WIDTH=string
event = script
>

Used to specify column based defaults for the table properties.

ALIGN=

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

SPAN=

Specifies how many columns are in the group.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

VALIGN=

Displays the elements aligned at the top or bottom within the element.

WIDTH=

Returns the calculated width of the element in pixels. In HTML, this attribute may be initially set in pixels or percentages.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


COLGROUP

<COLGROUP
ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT
ID=string
SPAN=integer
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
VALIGN=BASELINE | BOTTOM | CENTER | TOP
WIDTH=string
>

Used as a container for a group of columns.

ALIGN=

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

SPAN=

Specifies how many columns are in the group.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

VALIGN=

Displays the elements aligned at the top or bottom within the element.

WIDTH=

Returns the calculated width of the element in pixels. In HTML, this attribute may be initially set in pixels or percentages.

Both the start and end tags are required.


COMMENT

<COMMENT
TITLE=string
>

Indicates a comment that will not be displayed.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

Both the start and end tags are required.


DD

<DD
ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

The definition in a definition list. Usually indented from the definition list.

ALIGN=

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

The start tag is required, and the end tag is optional.


DFN

<DFN
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Indicates the defining instance of a term.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


DIR

<DIR
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Denotes a directory list.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


DIV

<DIV
ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT
DATAFLD=string
DATAFORMATAS=string
DATASRC=string
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

The DIV element is used with the CLASS attribute to represent different kinds of containers.

ALIGN=

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

DATAFLD=

Specifies the name of the column in the set of tabular data.

DATAFORMATAS=

Specifies the type of the data being bound.

DATASRC=

Specifies the source of the data for data binding.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onafterupdate

onbeforeupdate 	onblur

onclick 	ondblclick

onfocus 	onhelp

onkeydown 	onkeypress

onkeyup 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


DL

<DL
ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT
COMPACT
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Denotes a definition list.

ALIGN=

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

COMPACT

Specifies that the list should be compacted to remove extra space between list elements.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


DT

<DT
ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

A definition term within a definition list.

ALIGN=

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

The start tag is required, and the end tag is optional.


EM

<EM
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Used to emphasize text. Usually renders text in italics.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

Both the start and end tags are required.


EMBED

<EMBED
ACCESSKEY=string
ALIGN=ABSBOTTOM | ABSMIDDLE | BASELINE | BOTTOM | LEFT | MIDDLE | RIGHT | TEXTTOP | TOP
HEIGHT=string
HIDDEN=string
ID=string
PALETTE=string
PLUGINSPAGE=string
SRC=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
WIDTH=string
event = script
>

Allows you to embed documents of any type. The user needs to have an application which can view the data installed correctly on their machine.

ACCESSKEY=

Specifies an accelerator for the element.

ALIGN=

Specifies the alignment for the control-like element.

HEIGHT=

Along with WIDTH , specifies the size at which the element is drawn.

HIDDEN=

Forces the embedded element to be invisible.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

PALETTE=

To be supplied.

PLUGINSPAGE=

To be supplied.

SRC=

Specifies a URI for the associated file.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

WIDTH=

Returns the calculated width of the element in pixels. In HTML, this attribute may be initially set in pixels or percentages.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onafterupdate

onbeforeupdate 	onblur

onclick 	ondblclick

onfocus 	onhelp

onkeydown 	onkeypress

onkeyup 	onload

onmousedown 	onmousemove

onmouseout 	onmouseover

onmouseup 	onreadystatechange

This element is a block element.

The start tag is required, and the end tag is optional.


FONT

<FONT
COLOR=color
FACE=string
ID=string
SIZE=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Specifies a new font face, size, and color to be used for rendering the enclosed text.

COLOR=

Set the color to be used by the font or horizontal rule.

FACE=

Sets the current fonts typeface.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

SIZE=

Specifies font size between 1 and 7 (7 is largest).

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

Both the start and end tags are required.


FORM

<FORM
ACTION=string
ID=string
METHOD=GET | POST
NAME=string
STYLE=string
TARGET=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Specifies that the contained controls take part in a form.

ACTION=

Specifies the address to be used to carry out the action of the form. If none is specified, the base URL of the document is used.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

METHOD=

Indicates how the form data should be sent to the server; either GET or POST

NAME=

Specifies the name of the control, bookmark, or applet.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TARGET=

Specifies the window or frame to target the contents at.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

ondblclick 	onhelp

onmousedown 	onmousemove

onmouseout 	onmouseover

onmouseup 	onreset

onsubmit

When programming the form, all control-like elements are added to the form as named items. In addition, these items are exposed through the Item method on the form.

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


FRAME

<FRAME
BORDERCOLOR=color
FRAMEBORDER=string
HEIGHT=string
ID=string
MARGINHEIGHT=string
MARGINWIDTH=string
NAME=window_name | _blank | _parent | _self | _top
NORESIZE=NORESIZE | RESIZE
SCROLLING=AUTO | NO | YES
SRC=string
TITLE=string
WIDTH=string
event = script
>

Specifies an individual frame within a frameset .

BORDERCOLOR=

Sets border color and must be used with the BORDER attribute, except for frames.

FRAMEBORDER=

Specifies whether or not to display a border for the frame.

HEIGHT=

Along with WIDTH , specifies the size at which the element is drawn.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

MARGINHEIGHT=

Sets the amount of top and bottom margin should be set before displaying the text in a frame.

MARGINWIDTH=

Sets the amount of left and right margin should be set before displaying the text in a frame.

NAME=

Specifies the name of the frame so it may be targeted from links in other documents.

NORESIZE=

When this attribute is supplied, the frame is not resizable by the user.

SCROLLING=

Specifies that the frame can be scrolled.

SRC=

Specifies a URI for the associated file.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

WIDTH=

Returns the calculated width of the element in pixels. In HTML, this attribute may be initially set in pixels or percentages.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onfocus 	onload

onunload

This element is a block element.

The start tag is required, and the end tag is optional.


FRAMESET

<FRAMESET
BORDER=integer
BORDERCOLOR=color
COLS=string
FRAMEBORDER=string
FRAMESPACING=string
ID=string
ROWS=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Specifies a frameset. Framesets are used to organize multiple frames and nested framesets.

BORDER=

Defines the space between the frames, including the 3D border.

BORDERCOLOR=

Sets border color and must be used with the BORDER attribute, except for frames.

COLS=

A comma delimited list of frames to create. Each item in the list contains the initial size of the column.

FRAMEBORDER=

Specifies whether or not to display a border for the frame.

FRAMESPACING=

Creates additional space between the frames in pixels.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

ROWS=

A comma delimited list of frames to create. Each item in the list contains the initial size of the row.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onblur 	onclick

ondblclick 	onfocus

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

A frameset organizes multiple frames on the screen. Only frames , nested framesets , and the noframes tag are valid within a frameset..

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


H1

<H1
ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Render text as a heading style.

ALIGN=

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


H2

<H2
ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Render text as a heading style.

ALIGN=

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


H3

<H3
ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Render text as a heading style.

ALIGN=

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


H4

<H4
ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Render text as a heading style.

ALIGN=

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


H5

<H5
ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Render text as a heading style.

ALIGN=

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


H6

<H6
ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Render text as a heading style.

ALIGN=

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


HEAD

<HEAD
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
>

An unordered collection of information about the document.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

The HEAD provides information that does not effect the rendering of the document, but may be of use to the browser. The HEAD falls before the BODY of the document is specified. The following tags are valid in the HEAD block:

•	BASE

•	ISINDEX

•	LINK

•	TITLE

•	META

•	BASEFONT

•	BGSOUND

The TITLE tag is the only information that is required as part of a HEAD block.


HR

<HR
ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT
COLOR=color
ID=string
NOSHADE=string
SIZE=string
SRC=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
WIDTH=string
event = script
>

Draws a horizontal rule.

ALIGN=

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

COLOR=

Set the color to be used by the font or horizontal rule.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

NOSHADE=

Draws the horizontal rule without 3-D shading.

SIZE=

Sets the height of the <HR > element in pixels.

SRC=

Specifies a URI for the associated file.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

WIDTH=

Returns the calculated width of the element in pixels. In HTML, this attribute may be initially set in pixels or percentages.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

The start tag is required, and the end tag is optional.


HTML

<HTML
TITLE=string
>

This element identifies the document as containing HTML elements.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.


I

<I
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

The Italic element specifies that the text should be rendered in italic font, where available.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

Both the start and end tags are required.


IFRAME

<IFRAME
ALIGN=ABSBOTTOM | ABSMIDDLE | BASELINE | BOTTOM | LEFT | MIDDLE | RIGHT | TEXTTOP | TOP
BORDER=integer
BORDERCOLOR=color
FRAMEBORDER=string
FRAMESPACING=string
HEIGHT=string
HSPACE=variant
ID=string
MARGINHEIGHT=string
MARGINWIDTH=string
NAME=window_name | _blank | _parent | _self | _top
NORESIZE=NORESIZE | RESIZE
SCROLLING=AUTO | NO | YES
SRC=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
VSPACE=string
WIDTH=string
event = script
>

Used to create in-line floating frames.

ALIGN=

Specifies the alignment for the control-like element.

BORDER=

Specifies the thickness of a border to be drawn around the element.

BORDERCOLOR=

Sets border color and must be used with the BORDER attribute, except for frames.

FRAMEBORDER=

Specifies whether or not to display a border for the frame.

FRAMESPACING=

Creates additional space between the frames in pixels.

HEIGHT=

Along with WIDTH , specifies the size at which the element is drawn.

HSPACE=

Along with VSPACE , specifies margins for the element.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

MARGINHEIGHT=

Sets the amount of top and bottom margin should be set before displaying the text in a frame.

MARGINWIDTH=

Sets the amount of left and right margin should be set before displaying the text in a frame.

NAME=

Specifies the name of the frame so it may be targeted from links in other documents.

NORESIZE=

When this attribute is supplied, the frame is not resizable by the user.

SCROLLING=

Specifies that the frame can be scrolled.

SRC=

Specifies a URI for the associated file.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

VSPACE=

Along with HSPACE , specifies margins for the element.

WIDTH=

Returns the calculated width of the element in pixels. In HTML, this attribute may be initially set in pixels or percentages.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onblur 	onfocus

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


IMG

<IMG
ALIGN=ABSBOTTOM | ABSMIDDLE | BASELINE | BOTTOM | LEFT | MIDDLE | RIGHT | TEXTTOP | TOP
ALT=string
BORDER=integer
DATAFLD=string
DATASRC=string
DYNSRC=string
HEIGHT=string
HSPACE=variant
ID=string
ISMAP=string
LOOP=string
LOWSRC=string
NAME=string
SRC=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
USEMAP=string
VRML=string
VSPACE=string
WIDTH=string
event = script
>

Embeds an image or a video clip in the document.

ALIGN=

Specifies the alignment for the control-like element.

ALT=

Optional text as an alternative to the graphic for rendering in non-graphical environments. Alternate text should be provided whenever the graphic is not rendered. Alternate text is mandatory for Level 0 documents.

BORDER=

Specifies the thickness of a border to be drawn around the element.

DATAFLD=

Specifies the name of the column in the set of tabular data.

DATASRC=

Specifies the source of the data for data binding.

DYNSRC=

Specifies the address of a video clip or VRML world to be displayed in the window. Stands for Dynamic Source.

HEIGHT=

Along with WIDTH , specifies the size at which the element is drawn.

HSPACE=

Along with VSPACE , specifies margins for the element.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

ISMAP=

Identifies the picture as a server-side image map.

LOOP=

Specifies how many times a sound or video will loop when activated. Also specifies how many times the marquee should loop.

LOWSRC=

Specifies a lower resolution image to display.

NAME=

Specifies the name of the control, bookmark, or applet.

SRC=

Specifies a URI for the associated file.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

USEMAP=

Identifies the picture as a client-side image map and specifies a MAP to use for acting on the user's clicks.

VRML=

Embeds VRML worlds. This requires the Virtual Explorer plug-in to be installed.

VSPACE=

Along with HSPACE , specifies margins for the element.

WIDTH=

Returns the calculated width of the element in pixels. In HTML, this attribute may be initially set in pixels or percentages.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onabort 	onafterupdate

onbeforeupdate 	onblur

onclick 	ondblclick

onerror 	onfocus

onhelp 	onkeydown

onkeypress 	onkeyup

onload 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

onreadystatechange

The start tag is required, and the end tag is optional.


INPUT

<INPUT
ACCESSKEY=string
ALIGN=ABSBOTTOM | ABSMIDDLE | BASELINE | BOTTOM | LEFT | MIDDLE | RIGHT | TEXTTOP | TOP
DATAFLD=string
DATASRC=string
DISABLED
ID=string
LANGUAGE=JAVASCRIPT | VBSCRIPT
MAXLENGTH=long
NAME=string
READONLY=string
SIZE=variant
STYLE=string
TABINDEX=integer
TITLE=string
TYPE=BUTTON | CHECKBOX | HIDDEN | IMAGE | PASSWORD | RADIO | RESET | SELECT-MULTIPLE | SELECT-ONE | SELECT-ONE | SUBMIT | TEXT | TEXTAREA
VALUE=string
event = script
>

Specifies a form input control.

ACCESSKEY=

Specifies an accelerator for the element.

ALIGN=

Specifies the alignment for the control-like element.

DATAFLD=

Specifies the name of the column in the set of tabular data.

DATASRC=

Specifies the source of the data for data binding.

DISABLED

Used to disable an element.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

LANGUAGE=

Specifies the language that the current script is written in.

MAXLENGTH=

Indicates the maximum number of characters that can be entered into a text control.

NAME=

Specifies the name of the control, bookmark, or applet.

READONLY=

Causes the element's contents to be read only.

SIZE=

Specifies the size of the control.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TABINDEX=

Sets the tabindex for the object.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

TYPE=

Specifies the type of intrinsic control.

VALUE=

For textual/numerical controls, specifies the default value of the control. For Boolean controls, specifies the value to be returned when the control is turned on

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onafterupdate

onbeforeupdate 	onblur

onchange 	onclick

ondblclick 	onfocus

onhelp 	onkeydown

onkeypress 	onkeyup

onmousedown 	onmousemove

onmouseout 	onmouseover

onmouseup 	onresize

onselect

The start tag is required, and the end tag is optional.


KBD

<KBD
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Renders text in fixed-width font.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

Both the start and end tags are required.


LABEL

<LABEL
ACCESSKEY=string
FOR=string
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Specifies a label for a control-like element. The content between the start and end tags defines the label text.

ACCESSKEY=

Specifies an accelerator for the element.

FOR=

Specifies the control-like element the label is for.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

Labels cannot be nested.

Both the start and end tags are required.


LI

<LI
ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
TYPE=1 | a | A | i | I
VALUE=variant
event = script
>

Denotes one item of a list.

ALIGN=

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

TYPE=

Changes the style of the list.

VALUE=

Changes the count of ordered lists as they progress.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

The start tag is required, and the end tag is optional.


LINK

<LINK
HREF=string
METHODS=string
NAME=string
REL=string
REV=string
TARGET=string
TITLE=string
TYPE=string
URN=string
>

Used to specify a typed hyperlink between the document and some other resource.

HREF=

Specifies the destination URL or anchor point.

METHODS=

The METHODS attributes of anchors and links provide information about the functions that the user may perform on an object. These are more accurately given by the HTTP protocol when it is used, but it may, for similar reasons as for the TITLE attribute, be useful to include the information in advance in the link. For example, the HTML user agent may chose a different rendering as a function of the methods allowed; for example, something that is searchable may get a different icon.

NAME=

Specifies the name of the control, bookmark, or applet.

REL=

The REL attribute gives the relationship(s) described by the hypertext link from the anchor to the target. The value is a comma-separated list of relationship values. Values and their semantics will be registered by the HTML registration authority. The default relationship if none other is given is void. The REL attribute is only used when the HREF attribute is present.

REV=

The REV attribute is the same as the REL attribute, but the semantics of the link type are in the reverse direction. A link from A to B with REL="X" expresses the same relationship as a link from B to A with REV="X". An anchor may have both REL and REV attributes.

TARGET=

Specifies the window or frame to target the contents at.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

TYPE=

Specifies the type of link or rel.

URN=

If present, the URN attribute specifies a uniform resource name (URN) for a target document. The format of URNs is under discussion (1994) by various working groups of the Internet Engineering Task Force.

This element may only be used within the HEAD tag.

The start tag is required, and the end tag is optional.


LISTING

<LISTING
ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Renders text in fixed-width type.

ALIGN=

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


MAP

<MAP
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Specifies a collection of hot spots for a client-side image map

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onkeydown

onkeypress 	onkeyup

onmousedown 	onmousemove

onmouseout 	onmouseover

onmouseup

Both the start and end tags are required.


MARQUEE

<MARQUEE
ALIGN=ABSBOTTOM | ABSMIDDLE | BASELINE | BOTTOM | LEFT | MIDDLE | RIGHT | TEXTTOP | TOP
BEHAVIOR=ALTERNATE | SCROLL | SLIDE
BGCOLOR=color
DATAFLD=string
DATAFORMATAS=string
DATASRC=string
DIRECTION=DOWN | LEFT | RIGHT | UP
HEIGHT=string
HSPACE=variant
ID=string
LOOP=string
SCROLLAMOUNT=long
SCROLLDELAY=long
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
VSPACE=string
WIDTH=long
event = script
>

The MARQUEE tag enables you to create a scrolling text marquee.

ALIGN=

Specifies the alignment for the control-like element.

BEHAVIOR=

Specifies how the text scrolls in the marquee.

BGCOLOR=

Sets the background color behind the element.

DATAFLD=

Specifies the name of the column in the set of tabular data.

DATAFORMATAS=

Specifies the type of the data being bound.

DATASRC=

Specifies the source of the data for data binding.

DIRECTION=

Specifies which direction the text should scroll.

HEIGHT=

Specifies the HEIGHT of the Marquee in pixels or as a percentage of the screen height.

HSPACE=

Along with VSPACE , specifies margins for the element.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

LOOP=

Specifies how many times a sound or video will loop when activated. Also specifies how many times the marquee should loop.

SCROLLAMOUNT=

Specifies the number of pixels the text scrolls between each subsequent drawing of the marquee .

SCROLLDELAY=

Specifies the speed the marquee scroll in milliseconds.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

VSPACE=

Along with HSPACE , specifies margins for the element.

WIDTH=

Returns the calculated width of the marquee in window coordinates. In HTML, this attribute may be initially set in pixels or percentages.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onafterupdate

onbeforeupdate 	onbounce

onclick 	ondblclick

onfinish 	onhelp

onkeydown 	onkeypress

onkeyup 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

onstart

The start tag is required, and the end tag is optional.


MENU

<MENU
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Specifies that the following block consists of individual items.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


META

<META
CONTENT=string
HTTP-EQUIV=string
NAME=string
TITLE=string
URL=string
>

Provides support for client-pull.

CONTENT=

Specifies meta-information to be associated with the given name or HTTP response header.

HTTP-EQUIV=

Used to bind the CONTENT of the element to an HTTP response header.

NAME=

Specifies the name of the control, bookmark, or applet.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

URL=

If a URL is specifies, the URL will be loaded after the specified time has elapsed.

This element may only be used within the HEAD tag.

The start tag is required, and the end tag is optional.


NOBR

<NOBR
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
>

Renders text without line breaking.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

The start tag is required, and the end tag is optional.


NOFRAMES

<NOFRAMES
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
>

Used to contain HTML for browsers that do not support FRAMESETS .

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


NOSCRIPT

<NOSCRIPT
TITLE=string
>

Specifies HTML to be displayed in browsers that do not support scripting.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


OBJECT

<OBJECT
ACCESSKEY=string
ALIGN=ABSBOTTOM | ABSMIDDLE | BASELINE | BOTTOM | LEFT | MIDDLE | RIGHT | TEXTTOP | TOP
CLASSID=string
CODE=string
CODEBASE=string
CODETYPE=string
DATA=string
DATAFLD=string
DATASRC=string
DISABLED
HEIGHT=string
ID=string
NAME=string
STYLE=string
TABINDEX=integer
TITLE=string
TYPE=string
WIDTH=string
event = script
>

Inserts an object onto the HTML page.

ACCESSKEY=

Specifies an accelerator for the element.

ALIGN=

Specifies the alignment for the control-like element.

CLASSID=

Used to specify the class identifier for the object.

CODE=

The name of the file containing the compiled java class.

CODEBASE=

Specifies a URL referencing where to find the implementation of the object.

CODETYPE=

An attribute.

DATA=

Specifies a URL referencing the object's data.

DATAFLD=

Specifies the name of the column in the set of tabular data.

DATASRC=

Specifies the source of the data for data binding.

DISABLED

Used to disable an element.

HEIGHT=

Along with WIDTH , specifies the size at which the element is drawn.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

NAME=

Specifies the name of the control, bookmark, or applet.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TABINDEX=

Sets the tabindex for the object.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

TYPE=

Specifies the MIME type for the associated scripting engine.

WIDTH=

Returns the calculated width of the element in pixels. In HTML, this attribute may be initially set in pixels or percentages.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onafterupdate

onbeforeupdate 	onblur

onclick 	ondblclick

onfocus 	onhelp

onkeydown 	onkeypress

onkeyup 	onload

onmousedown 	onmousemove

onmouseout 	onmouseover

onmouseup 	onreadystatechange

onrowenter 	onrowexit

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


OL

<OL
ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT
COMPACT
ID=string
START=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
TYPE=1 | a | A | i | I
event = script
>

Draws lines of text as an ordered list.

ALIGN=

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

COMPACT

Specifies that the list should be compacted to remove extra space between list elements.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

START=

Specifies the starting number for a list.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

TYPE=

Changes the style of the list.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


OPTION

<OPTION
ID=string
SELECTED=string
TITLE=string
VALUE=string
>

Denotes one choice in a select list.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

SELECTED=

Indicates that this item is the default. If not present, the first item is selected by default.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

VALUE=

For textual/numerical controls, specifies the default value of the control. For Boolean controls, specifies the value to be returned when the control is turned on

This element is a block element.

The start tag is required, and the end tag is optional.


P

<P
ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
WIDTH=string
event = script
>

Denotes a paragraph.

ALIGN=

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

WIDTH=

Returns the calculated width of the element in pixels. In HTML, this attribute may be initially set in pixels or percentages.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

The start tag is required, and the end tag is optional.


PARAM

<PARAM
DATA=string
DATAFLD=string
DATASRC=string
NAME=string
OBJECT=string
REF=string
TITLE=string
VALUE=string
>

Used with the Object tag to set properties.

DATA=

Specifies that the value is to be passed directly to the object as a string, after expansion. This is the default in the absence of an explicit value for the value type.

DATAFLD=

Specifies the name of the column in the set of tabular data.

DATASRC=

Specifies the source of the data for data binding.

NAME=

Specifies the name of the property.

OBJECT=

Specifies the value is a URL of an object element in the same document.

REF=

Indicates the value is a URL.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

VALUE=

For textual/numerical controls, specifies the default value of the control. For Boolean controls, specifies the value to be returned when the control is turned on

The PARAM element is not exposed as an element in the all collection. Instead, params are usually exposed as properties of the object (it is up to the object to expose them). The properties listed for PARAM are only available when specifying the HTML.

The start tag is required, and the end tag is optional.


PLAINTEXT

<PLAINTEXT
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Renders text in fixed-width type without processing tags.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

The start tag is required, and the end tag is optional.


PRE

<PRE
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
WIDTH=string
event = script
>

Renders text in fixed-width type.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

WIDTH=

Returns the calculated width of the element in pixels. In HTML, this attribute may be initially set in pixels or percentages.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


S

<S
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Renders text in strikethrough type.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

Both the start and end tags are required.


SAMP

<SAMP
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Specifies a code sample.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

Both the start and end tags are required.


SCRIPT

<SCRIPT
EVENT=string
FOR=string
ID=string
IN=string
LANGUAGE=JAVASCRIPT | VBSCRIPT
LIBRARY=string
TITLE=string
>

Specifies a script for the page that will be interpreted by a script engine.

EVENT=

Specifies the event the script is being written for.

FOR=

Specifies which element is being bound to the event script.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

IN=

Specifies at which level to scope the document.

LANGUAGE=

Specifies the language that the current script is written in.

LIBRARY=

Specifies whether or not the script is a set of functions that should not be immediately executed.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

Code within the SCRIPT block that are not contained within a function are executed immediately as the page is loaded. To keep scripts from being displayed on down-level browsers, the SCRIPT block should be nested within a comment block.

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


SELECT

<SELECT
ACCESSKEY=string
ALIGN=ABSBOTTOM | ABSMIDDLE | BASELINE | BOTTOM | LEFT | MIDDLE | RIGHT | TEXTTOP | TOP
DATAFLD=string
DATASRC=string
DISABLED
ID=string
LANGUAGE=JAVASCRIPT | VBSCRIPT
MULTIPLE
NAME=string
READONLY=string
SIZE=variant
STYLE=string
TABINDEX=integer
TITLE=string
TYPE=BUTTON | CHECKBOX | HIDDEN | IMAGE | PASSWORD | RADIO | RESET | SELECT-MULTIPLE | SELECT-ONE | SELECT-ONE | SUBMIT | TEXT | TEXTAREA
event = script
>

Denotes a list box or dropdown list.

ACCESSKEY=

Specifies an accelerator for the element.

ALIGN=

Specifies the alignment for the control-like element.

DATAFLD=

Specifies the name of the column in the set of tabular data.

DATASRC=

Specifies the source of the data for data binding.

DISABLED

Used to disable an element.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

LANGUAGE=

Specifies the language that the current script is written in.

MULTIPLE

Indicates that multiple items in the list can be selected.

NAME=

Specifies the name of the control, bookmark, or applet.

READONLY=

Causes the element's contents to be read only.

SIZE=

Specifies the size of the control.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TABINDEX=

Sets the tabindex for the object.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

TYPE=

Specifies the type of intrinsic control.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onafterupdate

onbeforeupdate 	onblur

onchange 	onclick

ondblclick 	onfocus

onhelp 	onkeydown

onkeypress 	onkeyup

onmousedown 	onmousemove

onmouseout 	onmouseover

onmouseup 	onresize

Both the start and end tags are required.


SMALL

<SMALL
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Specifies that the enclosed text should be displayed with a relatively smaller font than the current font.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

Both the start and end tags are required.


SPAN

<SPAN
DATAFLD=string
DATAFORMATAS=string
DATASRC=string
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

This does not have any structural role or established rendering convention. It allows a user to define their own method of rendering using style sheets.

DATAFLD=

Specifies the name of the column in the set of tabular data.

DATAFORMATAS=

Specifies the type of the data being bound.

DATASRC=

Specifies the source of the data for data binding.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

Both the start and end tags are required.


STRIKE

<STRIKE
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Renders text in strikethrough type.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

Both the start and end tags are required.


STRONG

<STRONG
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Renders text in boldface.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

Both the start and end tags are required.


STYLE

<STYLE
TITLE=string
TYPE=string
>

Specifies the style sheet for the page.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

TYPE=

Returns the CSS language that the style sheet is defined in.

This element may be used within the HEAD and BODY tags.

Both the start and end tags are required.


SUB

<SUB
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

The enclosed text should be displayed in subscript, and using a smaller font than the current font.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

Both the start and end tags are required.


SUP

<SUP
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

The enclosed text should be displayed in SuperScript and in a smaller font relative to the current font.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

Both the start and end tags are required.


TABLE

<TABLE
ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT
BACKGROUND=string
BGCOLOR=color
BORDER=integer
BORDERCOLOR=color
BORDERCOLORDARK=color
BORDERCOLORLIGHT=color
CELLPADDING=string
CELLSPACING=string
COLS=string
DATASRC=id
FRAME=ABOVE | BELOW | BORDER | BOX | INSIDES | LHS | RHS | VOID | VSIDES
HEIGHT=string
ID=string
RULES=ALL | COLS | GROUPS | NONE | ROWS
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
WIDTH=string
event = script
>

Used to specify that the contained content is organized into a table with rows and columns.

ALIGN=

Specifies how the table should be aligned.

BACKGROUND=

Specifies a background picture for the table. The picture is tiled behind the text and graphics in the table, table head, or table cell.

BGCOLOR=

Sets the background color behind the element.

BORDER=

Specifies the thickness of a border to be drawn around the element.

BORDERCOLOR=

Sets border color and must be used with the BORDER attribute, except for frames.

BORDERCOLORDARK=

Sets independent border color control over one of the two colors used to draw a 3-D border, opposite of BORDERCOLORLIGHT , and must be used with the BORDER attribute.

BORDERCOLORLIGHT=

Sets independent border color control over one of the two colors used to draw a 3-D border, opposite of BORDERCOLORDARK , and must be used with the BORDER attribute.

CELLPADDING=

Specifies the amount of space between the border of the cell and the contents of the cell.

CELLSPACING=

Specifies the amount of space between cells in a table.

COLS=

The number of columns in the table.

DATASRC=

Specifies the source of the data for data binding.

FRAME=

Controls the appearance of the border frame around the table.

HEIGHT=

Along with WIDTH , specifies the size at which the element is drawn.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

RULES=

Specifies which dividing lines are displayed (inner borders).

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

WIDTH=

Returns the calculated width of the element in pixels. In HTML, this attribute may be initially set in pixels or percentages.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onafterupdate

onbeforeupdate 	onclick

ondblclick 	onhelp

onkeydown 	onkeypress

onkeyup 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

Valid tags within a table include:

•	TR

•	CAPTION

•	THEAD

•	TBODY

•	TFOOT

•	COLGROUP

•	COL

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


TBODY

<TBODY
ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT
BGCOLOR=color
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
VALIGN=BASELINE | BOTTOM | CENTER | TOP
event = script
>

Used to designate rows as the body of the table.

ALIGN=

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

BGCOLOR=

Sets the background color behind the element.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

VALIGN=

Displays the elements aligned at the top or bottom within the element.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is exposed for all tables, even if the table did not explicitly define a TBODY element.

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


TD

<TD
ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT
BACKGROUND=string
BGCOLOR=color
BORDERCOLOR=color
BORDERCOLORDARK=color
BORDERCOLORLIGHT=color
COLSPAN=string
HEIGHT=string
ID=string
NOWRAP
ROWSPAN=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
VALIGN=BASELINE | BOTTOM | CENTER | TOP
WIDTH=string
event = script
>

Specifies a cell in a table.

ALIGN=

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

BACKGROUND=

Specifies a background picture for the table. The picture is tiled behind the text and graphics in the table, table head, or table cell.

BGCOLOR=

Sets the background color behind the element.

BORDERCOLOR=

Sets border color and must be used with the BORDER attribute, except for frames.

BORDERCOLORDARK=

Sets independent border color control over one of the two colors used to draw a 3-D border, opposite of BORDERCOLORLIGHT , and must be used with the BORDER attribute.

BORDERCOLORLIGHT=

Sets independent border color control over one of the two colors used to draw a 3-D border, opposite of BORDERCOLORDARK , and must be used with the BORDER attribute.

COLSPAN=

Specifies how many columns in the table this cell should span.

HEIGHT=

Along with WIDTH , specifies the size at which the element is drawn.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

NOWRAP

The NOWRAP attribute is used when you do not want the browser to automatically perform word wrap.

ROWSPAN=

Specifies how many rows in a table this cell should span.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

VALIGN=

Displays the elements aligned at the top or bottom within the element.

WIDTH=

Returns the calculated width of the element in pixels. In HTML, this attribute may be initially set in pixels or percentages.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onafterupdate

onbeforeupdate 	onclick

ondblclick 	onhelp

onkeydown 	onkeypress

onkeyup 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


TEXTAREA

<TEXTAREA
ACCESSKEY=string
ALIGN=ABSBOTTOM | ABSMIDDLE | BASELINE | BOTTOM | LEFT | MIDDLE | RIGHT | TEXTTOP | TOP
COLS=long
DATAFLD=string
DATASRC=string
DISABLED
ID=string
NAME=string
READONLY=string
ROWS=long
STYLE=string
TABINDEX=integer
TITLE=string
TYPE=BUTTON | CHECKBOX | HIDDEN | IMAGE | PASSWORD | RADIO | RESET | SELECT-MULTIPLE | SELECT-ONE | SELECT-ONE | SUBMIT | TEXT | TEXTAREA
event = script
>

Specifies a multi-line text input control.

ACCESSKEY=

Specifies an accelerator for the element.

ALIGN=

Specifies the alignment for the control-like element.

COLS=

Specifies how many characters wide the text area is.

DATAFLD=

Specifies the name of the column in the set of tabular data.

DATASRC=

Specifies the source of the data for data binding.

DISABLED

Used to disable an element.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

NAME=

Specifies the name of the control, bookmark, or applet.

READONLY=

Causes the element's contents to be read only.

ROWS=

Specifies the number of rows tall the textarea control should be.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TABINDEX=

Sets the tabindex for the object.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

TYPE=

Specifies the type of intrinsic control.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onafterupdate

onbeforeupdate 	onblur

onchange 	onclick

ondblclick 	onfocus

onhelp 	onkeydown

onkeypress 	onkeyup

onmousedown 	onmousemove

onmouseout 	onmouseover

onmouseup 	onresize

onselect

The default font is fixed pitch.

Both the start and end tags are required.


TFOOT

<TFOOT
ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT
BGCOLOR=color
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
VALIGN=BASELINE | BOTTOM | CENTER | TOP
event = script
>

Used to designate rows as the table's footer.

ALIGN=

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

BGCOLOR=

Sets the background color behind the element.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

VALIGN=

Displays the elements aligned at the top or bottom within the element.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


TH

<TH
ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT
BACKGROUND=string
BGCOLOR=color
BORDERCOLOR=color
BORDERCOLORDARK=color
BORDERCOLORLIGHT=color
COLSPAN=string
HEIGHT=string
ID=string
NOWRAP
ROWSPAN=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
VALIGN=BASELINE | BOTTOM | CENTER | TOP
WIDTH=string
event = script
>

Specifies a header column. Header columns are centered within the cell and are bold.

ALIGN=

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

BACKGROUND=

Specifies a background picture for the table. The picture is tiled behind the text and graphics in the table, table head, or table cell.

BGCOLOR=

Sets the background color behind the element.

BORDERCOLOR=

Sets border color and must be used with the BORDER attribute, except for frames.

BORDERCOLORDARK=

Sets independent border color control over one of the two colors used to draw a 3-D border, opposite of BORDERCOLORLIGHT , and must be used with the BORDER attribute.

BORDERCOLORLIGHT=

Sets independent border color control over one of the two colors used to draw a 3-D border, opposite of BORDERCOLORDARK , and must be used with the BORDER attribute.

COLSPAN=

Specifies how many columns in the table this cell should span.

HEIGHT=

Along with WIDTH , specifies the size at which the element is drawn.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

NOWRAP

The NOWRAP attribute is used when you do not want the browser to automatically perform word wrap.

ROWSPAN=

Specifies how many rows in a table this cell should span.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

VALIGN=

Displays the elements aligned at the top or bottom within the element.

WIDTH=

Returns the calculated width of the element in pixels. In HTML, this attribute may be initially set in pixels or percentages.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onafterupdate

onbeforeupdate 	onclick

ondblclick 	onhelp

onkeydown 	onkeypress

onkeyup 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


THEAD

<THEAD
ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT
BGCOLOR=color
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
VALIGN=BASELINE | BOTTOM | CENTER | TOP
event = script
>

Used to designate rows as the table's header.

ALIGN=

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

BGCOLOR=

Sets the background color behind the element.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

VALIGN=

Displays the elements aligned at the top or bottom within the element.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


TITLE

<TITLE
TITLE=string
>

Identifies the contents of the document in a global context.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

This element may only be used within the HEAD tag.

This element is a block element.

This element is required.

Both the start and end tags are required.


TR

<TR
ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT
BGCOLOR=color
BORDERCOLOR=color
BORDERCOLORDARK=color
BORDERCOLORLIGHT=color
HEIGHT=string
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
VALIGN=BASELINE | BOTTOM | CENTER | TOP
event = script
>

Specifies a row in a table.

ALIGN=

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

BGCOLOR=

Sets the background color behind the element.

BORDERCOLOR=

Sets border color and must be used with the BORDER attribute, except for frames.

BORDERCOLORDARK=

Sets independent border color control over one of the two colors used to draw a 3-D border, opposite of BORDERCOLORLIGHT , and must be used with the BORDER attribute.

BORDERCOLORLIGHT=

Sets independent border color control over one of the two colors used to draw a 3-D border, opposite of BORDERCOLORDARK , and must be used with the BORDER attribute.

HEIGHT=

Along with WIDTH , specifies the size at which the element is drawn.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

VALIGN=

Displays the elements aligned at the top or bottom within the element.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

Within a row, the following tags are valid:

•	TD

•	TH

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


TT

<TT
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Renders text in fixed-width type.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

Both the start and end tags are required.


U

<U
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Renders text underlined.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

Both the start and end tags are required.


UL

<UL
ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT
COMPACT
ID=string
SRC=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
TYPE=1 | a | A | i | I
event = script
>

Draws lines of text as a bulleted list.

ALIGN=

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

COMPACT

Specifies that the list should be compacted to remove extra space between list elements.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

SRC=

Specifies a URI for the associated file.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

TYPE=

Changes the style of the list.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


VAR

<VAR
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Renders text as a small fixed-width font.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

Both the start and end tags are required.


WBR

<WBR
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
>

Inserts a soft line break in a block of NOBR text.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

The start tag is required, and the end tag is optional.


XMP

<XMP
ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT
ID=string
STYLE=string
TITLE=string
event = script
>

Renders text in fixed-width type used for example text.

ALIGN=

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

ID=

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

STYLE=

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

TITLE=

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

event

Can be one or more of these events:

onclick 	ondblclick

onhelp 	onmousedown

onmousemove 	onmouseout

onmouseover 	onmouseup

This tag is no longer recommended. Instead, the PRE or SAMP tags should be used.

This element is a block element.

Both the start and end tags are required.


ACCESSKEY=

ACCESSKEY=string

Specifies an accelerator for the element.

This attribute is used with these tags: A, APPLET, BUTTON, EMBED, INPUT, LABEL, OBJECT, SELECT, TEXTAREA


ACTION=

ACTION=string

Specifies the address to be used to carry out the action of the form. If none is specified, the base URL of the document is used.

The way the data is submitted depends upon the value of the METHOD and ENCTYPE attributes.

This attribute is used with these tags: FORM

Also see METHOD=


ALIGN=

ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

CENTER 	Align to the center.

LEFT 	Align to the left edge.

RIGHT 	Align to the right edge.

This attribute is used with these tags: ADDRESS, BODY, COL, COLGROUP, DD, DIV, DL, DT, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, HR, LI, LISTING, OL, P, TBODY, TD, TFOOT, TH, THEAD, TR, UL, XMP

Also see TEXT-ALIGN=


ALIGN=

ALIGN=CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT

Specifies how the table should be aligned.

CENTER 	Align to the center.

LEFT 	Align to the left edge.

RIGHT 	Align to the right edge.

This attribute is used with these tags: TABLE


ALIGN=

ALIGN=ABSBOTTOM | ABSMIDDLE | BASELINE | BOTTOM | LEFT | MIDDLE | RIGHT | TEXTTOP | TOP

Specifies the alignment for the control-like element.

ABSBOTTOM

ABSMIDDLE

BASELINE

BOTTOM

LEFT

MIDDLE

RIGHT

TEXTTOP

TOP

The default is left-aligned for TABLE , TR , and TD .The default is center-aligned for TH .

This attribute is used with these tags: APPLET, EMBED, IFRAME, IMG, INPUT, MARQUEE, OBJECT, SELECT, TEXTAREA


ALIGN=

ALIGN=BOTTOM | CENTER | LEFT | RIGHT | TOP

Specifies the alignment of the caption.

BOTTOM 	Align bottom center.

CENTER 	Centers the caption.

LEFT 	Left align.

RIGHT 	Right align.

TOP 	Align top-center.

This attribute is used with these tags: CAPTION


ALINK=

ALINK=color

The color for the active link.

ALICEBLUE 	F0F8FF

ANTIQUEWHITE 	FAEBD7

AQUA 	00FFFF

AQUAMARINE 	7FFFD4

AZURE 	F0FFFF

BEIGE 	F5F5DC

BISQUE 	FFE4C4

BLACK

BLANCHEDALMOND 	FFEBCD

BLUE

BLUEVIOLET 	8A2BE2

BROWN 	A52A2A

BURLYWOOD 	DEB887

CADETBLUE 	5F9EA0

CHARTREUSE 	7FFF00

CHOCOLATE 	D2691E

CORAL 	FF7F50

CORNFLOWERBLUE 	6495ED

CORNSILK 	FFF8DC

CRIMSON 	DC143C

CYAN 	00FFFF

DARKBLUE 	00008B

DARKCYAN 	008B8B

DARKGOLDENROD 	B8860B

DARKGRAY 	A9A9A9

DARKGREEN 	006400

DARKKHAKI 	BDB76B

DARKMAGENTA 	8B008B

DARKOLIVEGREEN 	556B2F

DARKORANGE 	FF8C00

DARKORCHID 	9932CC

DARKRED 	8B0000

DARKSALMON 	E9967A

DARKSEAGREEN 	8FBC8F

DARKSLATEBLUE 	483D8B

DARKSLATEGRAY 	2F4F4F

DARKTURQUOISE 	00CED1

DARKVIOLET 	9400D3

DEEPPINK 	FF1493

DEEPSKYBLUE 	00BFFF

DIMGRAY 	696969

DODGERBLUE 	1E90FF

FIREBRICK 	B22222

FLORALWHITE 	FFFAF0

FORESTGREEN 	228B22

FUCHSIA 	FF00FF

GAINSBORO 	DCDCDC

GHOSTWHITE 	F8F8FF

GOLD 	FFD700

GOLDENROD 	DAA520

GRAY 	808080

GREEN 	008000

GREENYELLOW 	ADFF2F

HONEYDEW 	F0FFF0

HOTPINK 	FF69B4

INDIANRED 	CD5C5C

INDIGO 	4B0082

IVORY 	FFFFF0

KHAKI 	F0E68C

LAVENDER 	E6E6FA

LAVENDERBLUSH 	FFF0F5

LAWNGREEN 	7CFC00

LEMONCHIFFON 	FFFACD

LIGHTBLUE 	ADD8E6

LIGHTCORAL 	F08080

LIGHTCYAN 	E0FFFF

LIME

MAROON

NAVY

OLIVE

PURPLE

RED

RGB 	Specifies the hexadecimal RGB code.

SILVER

TEAL

WHITE

YELLOW

This attribute is used with these tags: BODY

Also see LINK=, VLINK=, ALINKCOLOR=


ALT=

ALT=string

Optional text as an alternative to the graphic for rendering in non-graphical environments. Alternate text should be provided whenever the graphic is not rendered. Alternate text is mandatory for Level 0 documents.

This attribute is used with these tags: APPLET, IMG


BACKGROUND=

BACKGROUND=string

Specifies a background picture. The picture is tiled behind the text and graphics on the page.

This attribute is used with these tags: BODY

Also see BACKGROUND=


BACKGROUND=

BACKGROUND=string

Specifies a background picture for the table. The picture is tiled behind the text and graphics in the table, table head, or table cell.

This attribute is used with these tags: TABLE, TD, TH


BEHAVIOR=

BEHAVIOR=ALTERNATE | SCROLL | SLIDE

Specifies how the text scrolls in the marquee.

ALTERNATE 	The Marquee alternates left and right.

SCROLL 	The marquee is a scrolling marquee in the direction specified by the DIRECTION attribute. The text scrolls off the end and starts over.

SLIDE 	The marquee is a scrolling marquee in the direction specified by the DIRECTION attribute. The text scrolls to the end and stops.

This attribute is used with these tags: MARQUEE


BGCOLOR=

BGCOLOR=color

Sets the background color of the page.

ALICEBLUE 	F0F8FF

ANTIQUEWHITE 	FAEBD7

AQUA 	00FFFF

AQUAMARINE 	7FFFD4

AZURE 	F0FFFF

BEIGE 	F5F5DC

BISQUE 	FFE4C4

BLACK

BLANCHEDALMOND 	FFEBCD

BLUE

BLUEVIOLET 	8A2BE2

BROWN 	A52A2A

BURLYWOOD 	DEB887

CADETBLUE 	5F9EA0

CHARTREUSE 	7FFF00

CHOCOLATE 	D2691E

CORAL 	FF7F50

CORNFLOWERBLUE 	6495ED

CORNSILK 	FFF8DC

CRIMSON 	DC143C

CYAN 	00FFFF

DARKBLUE 	00008B

DARKCYAN 	008B8B

DARKGOLDENROD 	B8860B

DARKGRAY 	A9A9A9

DARKGREEN 	006400

DARKKHAKI 	BDB76B

DARKMAGENTA 	8B008B

DARKOLIVEGREEN 	556B2F

DARKORANGE 	FF8C00

DARKORCHID 	9932CC

DARKRED 	8B0000

DARKSALMON 	E9967A

DARKSEAGREEN 	8FBC8F

DARKSLATEBLUE 	483D8B

DARKSLATEGRAY 	2F4F4F

DARKTURQUOISE 	00CED1

DARKVIOLET 	9400D3

DEEPPINK 	FF1493

DEEPSKYBLUE 	00BFFF

DIMGRAY 	696969

DODGERBLUE 	1E90FF

FIREBRICK 	B22222

FLORALWHITE 	FFFAF0

FORESTGREEN 	228B22

FUCHSIA 	FF00FF

GAINSBORO 	DCDCDC

GHOSTWHITE 	F8F8FF

GOLD 	FFD700

GOLDENROD 	DAA520

GRAY 	808080

GREEN 	008000

GREENYELLOW 	ADFF2F

HONEYDEW 	F0FFF0

HOTPINK 	FF69B4

INDIANRED 	CD5C5C

INDIGO 	4B0082

IVORY 	FFFFF0

KHAKI 	F0E68C

LAVENDER 	E6E6FA

LAVENDERBLUSH 	FFF0F5

LAWNGREEN 	7CFC00

LEMONCHIFFON 	FFFACD

LIGHTBLUE 	ADD8E6

LIGHTCORAL 	F08080

LIGHTCYAN 	E0FFFF

LIME

MAROON

NAVY

OLIVE

PURPLE

RED

RGB 	Specifies the hexadecimal RGB code.

SILVER

TEAL

WHITE

YELLOW

JavaScript supports the entire set of valid property colors both as strings and their numerical equivalents as a string. JavaScript always returns the property as the numeric equivalent as a string regardless of the format the value was set.

This attribute is used with these tags: BODY

Also see BACKGROUND=


BGCOLOR=

BGCOLOR=color

Sets the background color behind the element.

ALICEBLUE 	F0F8FF

ANTIQUEWHITE 	FAEBD7

AQUA 	00FFFF

AQUAMARINE 	7FFFD4

AZURE 	F0FFFF

BEIGE 	F5F5DC

BISQUE 	FFE4C4

BLACK

BLANCHEDALMOND 	FFEBCD

BLUE

BLUEVIOLET 	8A2BE2

BROWN 	A52A2A

BURLYWOOD 	DEB887

CADETBLUE 	5F9EA0

CHARTREUSE 	7FFF00

CHOCOLATE 	D2691E

CORAL 	FF7F50

CORNFLOWERBLUE 	6495ED

CORNSILK 	FFF8DC

CRIMSON 	DC143C

CYAN 	00FFFF

DARKBLUE 	00008B

DARKCYAN 	008B8B

DARKGOLDENROD 	B8860B

DARKGRAY 	A9A9A9

DARKGREEN 	006400

DARKKHAKI 	BDB76B

DARKMAGENTA 	8B008B

DARKOLIVEGREEN 	556B2F

DARKORANGE 	FF8C00

DARKORCHID 	9932CC

DARKRED 	8B0000

DARKSALMON 	E9967A

DARKSEAGREEN 	8FBC8F

DARKSLATEBLUE 	483D8B

DARKSLATEGRAY 	2F4F4F

DARKTURQUOISE 	00CED1

DARKVIOLET 	9400D3

DEEPPINK 	FF1493

DEEPSKYBLUE 	00BFFF

DIMGRAY 	696969

DODGERBLUE 	1E90FF

FIREBRICK 	B22222

FLORALWHITE 	FFFAF0

FORESTGREEN 	228B22

FUCHSIA 	FF00FF

GAINSBORO 	DCDCDC

GHOSTWHITE 	F8F8FF

GOLD 	FFD700

GOLDENROD 	DAA520

GRAY 	808080

GREEN 	008000

GREENYELLOW 	ADFF2F

HONEYDEW 	F0FFF0

HOTPINK 	FF69B4

INDIANRED 	CD5C5C

INDIGO 	4B0082

IVORY 	FFFFF0

KHAKI 	F0E68C

LAVENDER 	E6E6FA

LAVENDERBLUSH 	FFF0F5

LAWNGREEN 	7CFC00

LEMONCHIFFON 	FFFACD

LIGHTBLUE 	ADD8E6

LIGHTCORAL 	F08080

LIGHTCYAN 	E0FFFF

LIME

MAROON

NAVY

OLIVE

PURPLE

RED

RGB 	Specifies the hexadecimal RGB code.

SILVER

TEAL

WHITE

YELLOW

This attribute is used with these tags: TBODY, TFOOT, THEAD, MARQUEE, TABLE, TD, TH, TR

Also see BGCOLOR=, BACKGROUND=


BGPROPERTIES=

BGPROPERTIES=FIXED

Specifies a watermark, which is a background picture that does not scroll.

FIXED 	This causes the background not to scroll with the page.

This attribute is used with these tags: BODY


BORDER=

BORDER=integer

Specifies the thickness of a border to be drawn around the element.

Setting border to 0 or omitting the attribute causes no border to be displayed. Supplying the border attribute without a value defaults to a single border.

This attribute is used with these tags: IFRAME, IMG, OBJECT, TABLE

Also see VSPACE=, HSPACE=, BORDERCOLOR=, BORDERCOLORLIGHT=, BORDERCOLORDARK=, BORDER=


BORDER=

BORDER=integer

Defines the space between the frames, including the 3D border.

The border can ONLY be set on an outermost FRAMESET tag. Setting border for an inner FRAMESET is ignored, even if border is not defined on the outermost FRAMESET.

This attribute is used with these tags: FRAMESET


BORDERCOLOR=

BORDERCOLOR=color

Sets border color and must be used with the BORDER attribute, except for frames.

ALICEBLUE 	F0F8FF

ANTIQUEWHITE 	FAEBD7

AQUA 	00FFFF

AQUAMARINE 	7FFFD4

AZURE 	F0FFFF

BEIGE 	F5F5DC

BISQUE 	FFE4C4

BLACK

BLANCHEDALMOND 	FFEBCD

BLUE

BLUEVIOLET 	8A2BE2

BROWN 	A52A2A

BURLYWOOD 	DEB887

CADETBLUE 	5F9EA0

CHARTREUSE 	7FFF00

CHOCOLATE 	D2691E

CORAL 	FF7F50

CORNFLOWERBLUE 	6495ED

CORNSILK 	FFF8DC

CRIMSON 	DC143C

CYAN 	00FFFF

DARKBLUE 	00008B

DARKCYAN 	008B8B

DARKGOLDENROD 	B8860B

DARKGRAY 	A9A9A9

DARKGREEN 	006400

DARKKHAKI 	BDB76B

DARKMAGENTA 	8B008B

DARKOLIVEGREEN 	556B2F

DARKORANGE 	FF8C00

DARKORCHID 	9932CC

DARKRED 	8B0000

DARKSALMON 	E9967A

DARKSEAGREEN 	8FBC8F

DARKSLATEBLUE 	483D8B

DARKSLATEGRAY 	2F4F4F

DARKTURQUOISE 	00CED1

DARKVIOLET 	9400D3

DEEPPINK 	FF1493

DEEPSKYBLUE 	00BFFF

DIMGRAY 	696969

DODGERBLUE 	1E90FF

FIREBRICK 	B22222

FLORALWHITE 	FFFAF0

FORESTGREEN 	228B22

FUCHSIA 	FF00FF

GAINSBORO 	DCDCDC

GHOSTWHITE 	F8F8FF

GOLD 	FFD700

GOLDENROD 	DAA520

GRAY 	808080

GREEN 	008000

GREENYELLOW 	ADFF2F

HONEYDEW 	F0FFF0

HOTPINK 	FF69B4

INDIANRED 	CD5C5C

INDIGO 	4B0082

IVORY 	FFFFF0

KHAKI 	F0E68C

LAVENDER 	E6E6FA

LAVENDERBLUSH 	FFF0F5

LAWNGREEN 	7CFC00

LEMONCHIFFON 	FFFACD

LIGHTBLUE 	ADD8E6

LIGHTCORAL 	F08080

LIGHTCYAN 	E0FFFF

LIME

MAROON

NAVY

OLIVE

PURPLE

RED

RGB 	Specifies the hexadecimal RGB code.

SILVER

TEAL

WHITE

YELLOW

This attribute is used with these tags: FRAME, FRAMESET, IFRAME, TABLE, TD, TH, TR

Also see BORDER=, BORDERCOLORLIGHT=, BORDERCOLORDARK=


BORDERCOLORDARK=

BORDERCOLORDARK=color

Sets independent border color control over one of the two colors used to draw a 3-D border, opposite of BORDERCOLORLIGHT , and must be used with the BORDER attribute.

ALICEBLUE 	F0F8FF

ANTIQUEWHITE 	FAEBD7

AQUA 	00FFFF

AQUAMARINE 	7FFFD4

AZURE 	F0FFFF

BEIGE 	F5F5DC

BISQUE 	FFE4C4

BLACK

BLANCHEDALMOND 	FFEBCD

BLUE

BLUEVIOLET 	8A2BE2

BROWN 	A52A2A

BURLYWOOD 	DEB887

CADETBLUE 	5F9EA0

CHARTREUSE 	7FFF00

CHOCOLATE 	D2691E

CORAL 	FF7F50

CORNFLOWERBLUE 	6495ED

CORNSILK 	FFF8DC

CRIMSON 	DC143C

CYAN 	00FFFF

DARKBLUE 	00008B

DARKCYAN 	008B8B

DARKGOLDENROD 	B8860B

DARKGRAY 	A9A9A9

DARKGREEN 	006400

DARKKHAKI 	BDB76B

DARKMAGENTA 	8B008B

DARKOLIVEGREEN 	556B2F

DARKORANGE 	FF8C00

DARKORCHID 	9932CC

DARKRED 	8B0000

DARKSALMON 	E9967A

DARKSEAGREEN 	8FBC8F

DARKSLATEBLUE 	483D8B

DARKSLATEGRAY 	2F4F4F

DARKTURQUOISE 	00CED1

DARKVIOLET 	9400D3

DEEPPINK 	FF1493

DEEPSKYBLUE 	00BFFF

DIMGRAY 	696969

DODGERBLUE 	1E90FF

FIREBRICK 	B22222

FLORALWHITE 	FFFAF0

FORESTGREEN 	228B22

FUCHSIA 	FF00FF

GAINSBORO 	DCDCDC

GHOSTWHITE 	F8F8FF

GOLD 	FFD700

GOLDENROD 	DAA520

GRAY 	808080

GREEN 	008000

GREENYELLOW 	ADFF2F

HONEYDEW 	F0FFF0

HOTPINK 	FF69B4

INDIANRED 	CD5C5C

INDIGO 	4B0082

IVORY 	FFFFF0

KHAKI 	F0E68C

LAVENDER 	E6E6FA

LAVENDERBLUSH 	FFF0F5

LAWNGREEN 	7CFC00

LEMONCHIFFON 	FFFACD

LIGHTBLUE 	ADD8E6

LIGHTCORAL 	F08080

LIGHTCYAN 	E0FFFF

LIME

MAROON

NAVY

OLIVE

PURPLE

RED

RGB 	Specifies the hexadecimal RGB code.

SILVER

TEAL

WHITE

YELLOW

This attribute is used with these tags: TABLE, TD, TH, TR

Also see BORDER=, BORDERCOLOR=, BORDERCOLORLIGHT=


BORDERCOLORLIGHT=

BORDERCOLORLIGHT=color

Sets independent border color control over one of the two colors used to draw a 3-D border, opposite of BORDERCOLORDARK , and must be used with the BORDER attribute.

ALICEBLUE 	F0F8FF

ANTIQUEWHITE 	FAEBD7

AQUA 	00FFFF

AQUAMARINE 	7FFFD4

AZURE 	F0FFFF

BEIGE 	F5F5DC

BISQUE 	FFE4C4

BLACK

BLANCHEDALMOND 	FFEBCD

BLUE

BLUEVIOLET 	8A2BE2

BROWN 	A52A2A

BURLYWOOD 	DEB887

CADETBLUE 	5F9EA0

CHARTREUSE 	7FFF00

CHOCOLATE 	D2691E

CORAL 	FF7F50

CORNFLOWERBLUE 	6495ED

CORNSILK 	FFF8DC

CRIMSON 	DC143C

CYAN 	00FFFF

DARKBLUE 	00008B

DARKCYAN 	008B8B

DARKGOLDENROD 	B8860B

DARKGRAY 	A9A9A9

DARKGREEN 	006400

DARKKHAKI 	BDB76B

DARKMAGENTA 	8B008B

DARKOLIVEGREEN 	556B2F

DARKORANGE 	FF8C00

DARKORCHID 	9932CC

DARKRED 	8B0000

DARKSALMON 	E9967A

DARKSEAGREEN 	8FBC8F

DARKSLATEBLUE 	483D8B

DARKSLATEGRAY 	2F4F4F

DARKTURQUOISE 	00CED1

DARKVIOLET 	9400D3

DEEPPINK 	FF1493

DEEPSKYBLUE 	00BFFF

DIMGRAY 	696969

DODGERBLUE 	1E90FF

FIREBRICK 	B22222

FLORALWHITE 	FFFAF0

FORESTGREEN 	228B22

FUCHSIA 	FF00FF

GAINSBORO 	DCDCDC

GHOSTWHITE 	F8F8FF

GOLD 	FFD700

GOLDENROD 	DAA520

GRAY 	808080

GREEN 	008000

GREENYELLOW 	ADFF2F

HONEYDEW 	F0FFF0

HOTPINK 	FF69B4

INDIANRED 	CD5C5C

INDIGO 	4B0082

IVORY 	FFFFF0

KHAKI 	F0E68C

LAVENDER 	E6E6FA

LAVENDERBLUSH 	FFF0F5

LAWNGREEN 	7CFC00

LEMONCHIFFON 	FFFACD

LIGHTBLUE 	ADD8E6

LIGHTCORAL 	F08080

LIGHTCYAN 	E0FFFF

LIME

MAROON

NAVY

OLIVE

PURPLE

RED

RGB 	Specifies the hexadecimal RGB code.

SILVER

TEAL

WHITE

YELLOW

This attribute is used with these tags: TABLE, TD, TH, TR

Also see BORDER=, BORDERCOLOR=, BORDERCOLORDARK=


CELLPADDING=

CELLPADDING=string

Specifies the amount of space between the border of the cell and the contents of the cell.

This attribute is used with these tags: TABLE

Also see CELLSPACING=


CELLSPACING=

CELLSPACING=string

Specifies the amount of space between cells in a table.

This attribute is used with these tags: TABLE

Also see CELLPADDING=


CHECKED=

CHECKED=FALSE | TRUE

For check boxes and radio buttons, indicates that they are selected.

FALSE

TRUE

Checkboxes that are not selected do not return their values when the form is submitted.

Also see DEFAULTCHECKED=


CLASSID=

CLASSID=string

Used to specify the class identifier for the object.

The format is: classid="clsid:controlspecificclsid "

This attribute is used with these tags: OBJECT


CLEAR=

CLEAR=ALL | LEFT | RIGHT

Inserts vertical space so that the next text displayed will be past left- or right-aligned floating images.

ALL

LEFT

RIGHT

This attribute is used with these tags: BR

Also see CLEAR=


CODE=

CODE=string

The name of the file containing the compiled Java class.

This attribute is used with these tags: APPLET, OBJECT


CODEBASE=

CODEBASE=string

This is an optional parameter that specifies the base URL for the applet.

This attribute is used with these tags: APPLET


CODEBASE=

CODEBASE=string

Specifies a URL referencing where to find the implementation of the object.

This attribute is used with these tags: OBJECT


CODETYPE=

CODETYPE=string

This attribute is used with these tags: OBJECT


COLOR=

COLOR=color

Set the color to be used by the font or horizontal rule.

ALICEBLUE 	F0F8FF

ANTIQUEWHITE 	FAEBD7

AQUA 	00FFFF

AQUAMARINE 	7FFFD4

AZURE 	F0FFFF

BEIGE 	F5F5DC

BISQUE 	FFE4C4

BLACK

BLANCHEDALMOND 	FFEBCD

BLUE

BLUEVIOLET 	8A2BE2

BROWN 	A52A2A

BURLYWOOD 	DEB887

CADETBLUE 	5F9EA0

CHARTREUSE 	7FFF00

CHOCOLATE 	D2691E

CORAL 	FF7F50

CORNFLOWERBLUE 	6495ED

CORNSILK 	FFF8DC

CRIMSON 	DC143C

CYAN 	00FFFF

DARKBLUE 	00008B

DARKCYAN 	008B8B

DARKGOLDENROD 	B8860B

DARKGRAY 	A9A9A9

DARKGREEN 	006400

DARKKHAKI 	BDB76B

DARKMAGENTA 	8B008B

DARKOLIVEGREEN 	556B2F

DARKORANGE 	FF8C00

DARKORCHID 	9932CC

DARKRED 	8B0000

DARKSALMON 	E9967A

DARKSEAGREEN 	8FBC8F

DARKSLATEBLUE 	483D8B

DARKSLATEGRAY 	2F4F4F

DARKTURQUOISE 	00CED1

DARKVIOLET 	9400D3

DEEPPINK 	FF1493

DEEPSKYBLUE 	00BFFF

DIMGRAY 	696969

DODGERBLUE 	1E90FF

FIREBRICK 	B22222

FLORALWHITE 	FFFAF0

FORESTGREEN 	228B22

FUCHSIA 	FF00FF

GAINSBORO 	DCDCDC

GHOSTWHITE 	F8F8FF

GOLD 	FFD700

GOLDENROD 	DAA520

GRAY 	808080

GREEN 	008000

GREENYELLOW 	ADFF2F

HONEYDEW 	F0FFF0

HOTPINK 	FF69B4

INDIANRED 	CD5C5C

INDIGO 	4B0082

IVORY 	FFFFF0

KHAKI 	F0E68C

LAVENDER 	E6E6FA

LAVENDERBLUSH 	FFF0F5

LAWNGREEN 	7CFC00

LEMONCHIFFON 	FFFACD

LIGHTBLUE 	ADD8E6

LIGHTCORAL 	F08080

LIGHTCYAN 	E0FFFF

LIME

MAROON

NAVY

OLIVE

PURPLE

RED

RGB 	Specifies the hexadecimal RGB code.

SILVER

TEAL

WHITE

YELLOW

This attribute is used with these tags: BASEFONT, FONT, HR

Also see COLOR=


COLS=

COLS=long

Specifies how many characters wide the text area is.

This attribute is used with these tags: TEXTAREA


COLS=

COLS=string

A comma delimited list of frames to create. Each item in the list contains the initial size of the column.

This attribute is used with these tags: FRAMESET


COLS=

COLS=string

The number of columns in the table.

Providing this number may speed up the processing of the table.

This attribute is used with these tags: TABLE


COLSPAN=

COLSPAN=string

Specifies how many columns in the table this cell should span.

This attribute is used with these tags: TD, TH


COMPACT

COMPACT

Specifies that the list should be compacted to remove extra space between list elements.

This attribute is used with these tags: DL, OL, UL


CONTENT=

CONTENT=string

Specifies meta-information to be associated with the given name or HTTP response header.

This attribute is used with these tags: META

Also see HTTP-EQUIV=


COORDS=

COORDS=string

Coordinates that define the hot spot's shape.

This attribute is used with these tags: AREA

Also see SHAPE=


DATA=

DATA=string

Specifies a URL referencing the object's data.

This attribute is used with these tags: OBJECT

Also see TYPE=


DATA=

DATA=string

Specifies that the value is to be passed directly to the object as a string, after expansion. This is the default in the absence of an explicit value for the value type.

This attribute is used with these tags: PARAM

Also see REF=


DATAFLD=

DATAFLD=column-name

Specifies the name of the column in the set of tabular data.

This attribute is used with these tags: SPAN, DIV, OBJECT, PARAM, INPUT, SELECT, TEXTAREA, IMG, MARQUEE


DATAFORMATAS=

DATAFORMATAS=string

Specifies the type of the data being bound. string can be "text", "html", or "none".

This attribute is used with these tags: SPAN, DIV, MARQUEE


DATASRC=

DATASRC=id

Specifies the source of the data for data binding.

This attribute is used with these tags: TABLE, SPAN, DIV, OBJECT, PARAM, INPUT, SELECT, TEXTAREA, IMG, MARQUEE


DIRECTION=

DIRECTION=DOWN | LEFT | RIGHT | UP

Specifies which direction the text should scroll.

DOWN 	The Marquee scrolls down.

LEFT 	The marquee scrolls left.

RIGHT 	The marquee scrolls right.

UP 	The marquee scrolls up.

The default is LEFT, which means scrolling to the left from the right.

This attribute is used with these tags: MARQUEE


DISABLED

DISABLED

Used to disable an element.

This attribute is used with these tags: APPLET, INPUT, OBJECT, SELECT, TEXTAREA, BUTTON


DYNSRC=

DYNSRC=string

Specifies the address of a video clip or VRML world to be displayed in the window. Stands for Dynamic Source.

This attribute is used with these tags: IMG


EVENT=

EVENT=string

Specifies the event the script is being written for.

This attribute is used with these tags: SCRIPT


FACE=

FACE=string

Sets the current fonts typeface.

This attribute is used with these tags: BASEFONT, FONT

Also see FONT=, FONT-FAMILY=


FOR=

FOR=string

Specifies which element is being bound to the event script.

Capitalized to avoid JavaScript keyword conflicts.

This attribute is used with these tags: SCRIPT


FOR=

FOR=string

Specifies the control-like element the label is for.

The for attribute references the ID of another element. The for attribute is optional when the label is implicitly defined. This is done by wrapping the label around the control the label is specified for.

This attribute is used with these tags: LABEL


FRAME=

FRAME=ABOVE | BELOW | BORDER | BOX | INSIDES | LHS | RHS | VOID | VSIDES

Controls the appearance of the border frame around the table.

ABOVE 	Displays a border on the top side of the border frame.

BELOW 	Displays a border on the bottom side of the table frame.

BORDER 	Displays a border on all sides of the table frame.

BOX 	Displays a border on all sides of the table frame.

INSIDES 	Displays a border on the top and bottom sides of the table frame.

LHS 	Displays a border on the left hand side of the table frame.

RHS 	Displays a border on the right-hand side of the table frame.

VOID 	Removes all outside table borders.

VSIDES 	Displays a border on the left and right sides of the table frame.

This attribute is used with these tags: TABLE

Also see RULES=


FRAMEBORDER=

FRAMEBORDER=string

Specifies whether or not to display a border for the frame.

Valid values are 0 and 1. 0 specifies no border, and 1 specifies an inset border. In addition, "Yes" and "No" are supported corresponding to 1 and 0, respectively. Invalid settings defaults to turning on borders.

This attribute is used with these tags: FRAME, FRAMESET, IFRAME


FRAMESPACING=

FRAMESPACING=string

Creates additional space between the frames in pixels.

The default spacing is 2 pixels.

The amount defined for FrameSpacing does not include the width of the FrameBorder. Framespacing can be set on one or more FRAMESETs and applies to the contained FRAMESETs unless the contained FRAMESET defines a different FrameSpacing.

This attribute is used with these tags: FRAMESET, IFRAME


HEIGHT=

HEIGHT=string

Along with WIDTH , specifies the size at which the element is drawn.

The height attribute on an IMG or a FIG allows the size of the image to be defined in advance to speed up the rendering of the page.

In the object model, height returns the calculated height of the element. To return the height persisted in the attribute, use the htmlHeight property.

In NS, invalid values and values<1 default to 1 on images.

This attribute is used with these tags: TR, APPLET, EMBED, FRAME, TD, TH, IFRAME, IMG, OBJECT, TABLE

Also see WIDTH=, HEIGHT=


HEIGHT=

HEIGHT=string

Specifies the HEIGHT of the Marquee in pixels or as a percentage of the screen height.

In the object model, height returns the calculated height of the element. To return the height persisted in the attribute, use the htmlHeight property.

This attribute is used with these tags: MARQUEE

Also see WIDTH=


HIDDEN=

HIDDEN=string

Forces the embedded element to be invisible.

This attribute is used with these tags: EMBED


HREF=

HREF=string

Specifies the destination URL or anchor point.

When specifying an anchor, everything between the <A HREF..> and the <A> becomes a clickable hyperlink to that address.

The HREF attribute on the anchor is a scriptable attribute. HREF's on anchors can jump to bookmarks or any element's ID attribute.

This attribute is used with these tags: A, AREA, LINK

Also see HREF=


HREF=

HREF=string

Specifies the document's full URL in case the document gets read out of context and the reader wants to refer to the original.

This attribute is used with these tags: BASE


HSPACE=

HSPACE=variant

Along with VSPACE , specifies margins for the element.

Similar to BORDER , except the margins are not painted with color when the element is a hyperlink.

This attribute is used with these tags: APPLET, IFRAME, IMG, MARQUEE

Also see BORDER=, VSPACE=


HTTP-EQUIV=

HTTP-EQUIV=string

Used to bind the CONTENT of the element to an HTTP response header.

If omitted, the NAME attribute should be used to identify the meta-information. The HTTP-EQUIV attribute is not case-sensitive.

This attribute is used with these tags: META

Also see CONTENT=


ID=

ID=string

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

Identifiers should be unique throughout the scope of the current document.

This attribute is used with these tags: OPTION, A, ADDRESS, APPLET, AREA, B, BIG, BLOCKQUOTE, BODY, BR, BUTTON, CAPTION, CENTER, CITE, CODE, COL, COLGROUP, DD, DFN, DIR, DIV, DL, DT, EM, EMBED, FONT, FORM, FRAME, FRAMESET, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, HEAD, HR, I, IFRAME, IMG, INPUT, KBD, LABEL, LI, LISTING, MAP, MARQUEE, MENU, BASEFONT, NOBR, NOFRAMES, OBJECT, OL, P, PLAINTEXT, PRE, S, SAMP, SCRIPT, SELECT, SMALL, SPAN, STRIKE, STRONG, SUB, SUP, TABLE, TBODY, TD, TEXTAREA, TFOOT, TH, THEAD, TR, TT, U, UL, VAR, WBR, XMP


IN=

IN=string

Specifies at which level to scope the document.

This attribute can either take a form name or window to scope to the window. The window is the default scope.

Capitalized to avoid JavaScript keyword conflicts.

This attribute is used with these tags: SCRIPT


ISMAP=

ISMAP=string

Identifies the picture as a server-side image map.

This attribute is used with these tags: IMG


LANGUAGE=

LANGUAGE=JAVASCRIPT | VBSCRIPT

Specifies the language that the current script is written in.

JAVASCRIPT 	Specifies that the script is written in JavaScript

VBSCRIPT 	Specifies that the script is written in VB Script.

Javascript 1.1 should also be supported and returned as the string.

This attribute is used with these tags: A, INPUT, SELECT, SCRIPT


LEFTMARGIN=

LEFTMARGIN=variant

Specifies the left margin for the entire body of the page and overrides the default margin.

If set to "", the left margin will be exactly on the left edge.

This attribute is used with these tags: BODY

Also see TOPMARGIN=


LIBRARY=

LIBRARY=string

Specifies whether or not the script is a set of functions that should not be immediately executed.

This attribute is used with these tags: SCRIPT


LINK=

LINK=color

The color of shortcuts that have not yet been visited.

ALICEBLUE 	F0F8FF

ANTIQUEWHITE 	FAEBD7

AQUA 	00FFFF

AQUAMARINE 	7FFFD4

AZURE 	F0FFFF

BEIGE 	F5F5DC

BISQUE 	FFE4C4

BLACK

BLANCHEDALMOND 	FFEBCD

BLUE

BLUEVIOLET 	8A2BE2

BROWN 	A52A2A

BURLYWOOD 	DEB887

CADETBLUE 	5F9EA0

CHARTREUSE 	7FFF00

CHOCOLATE 	D2691E

CORAL 	FF7F50

CORNFLOWERBLUE 	6495ED

CORNSILK 	FFF8DC

CRIMSON 	DC143C

CYAN 	00FFFF

DARKBLUE 	00008B

DARKCYAN 	008B8B

DARKGOLDENROD 	B8860B

DARKGRAY 	A9A9A9

DARKGREEN 	006400

DARKKHAKI 	BDB76B

DARKMAGENTA 	8B008B

DARKOLIVEGREEN 	556B2F

DARKORANGE 	FF8C00

DARKORCHID 	9932CC

DARKRED 	8B0000

DARKSALMON 	E9967A

DARKSEAGREEN 	8FBC8F

DARKSLATEBLUE 	483D8B

DARKSLATEGRAY 	2F4F4F

DARKTURQUOISE 	00CED1

DARKVIOLET 	9400D3

DEEPPINK 	FF1493

DEEPSKYBLUE 	00BFFF

DIMGRAY 	696969

DODGERBLUE 	1E90FF

FIREBRICK 	B22222

FLORALWHITE 	FFFAF0

FORESTGREEN 	228B22

FUCHSIA 	FF00FF

GAINSBORO 	DCDCDC

GHOSTWHITE 	F8F8FF

GOLD 	FFD700

GOLDENROD 	DAA520

GRAY 	808080

GREEN 	008000

GREENYELLOW 	ADFF2F

HONEYDEW 	F0FFF0

HOTPINK 	FF69B4

INDIANRED 	CD5C5C

INDIGO 	4B0082

IVORY 	FFFFF0

KHAKI 	F0E68C

LAVENDER 	E6E6FA

LAVENDERBLUSH 	FFF0F5

LAWNGREEN 	7CFC00

LEMONCHIFFON 	FFFACD

LIGHTBLUE 	ADD8E6

LIGHTCORAL 	F08080

LIGHTCYAN 	E0FFFF

LIME

MAROON

NAVY

OLIVE

PURPLE

RED

RGB 	Specifies the hexadecimal RGB code.

SILVER

TEAL

WHITE

YELLOW

This attribute is used with these tags: BODY

Also see ALINK=


LOOP=

LOOP=string

Specifies how many times a sound or video will loop when activated. Also specifies how many times the marquee should loop.

Specifies how many times a video clip or sound will loop when activated. If n=-1 or infinite, it will loop continuously..

Below are descriptions on how loop works for some boundary cases.

<BGSOUND src="file:///c:\win95\system\msremind.wav"> 	once

<BGSOUND src="file:///c:\win95\system\msremind.wav" LOOP> 	once

<BGSOUND src="file:///c:\win95\system\msremind.wav" LOOP=> 	zero times

<BGSOUND src="file:///c:\win95\system\msremind.wav" LOOP=-1> 	infinitely

<BGSOUND src="file:///c:\win95\system\msremind.wav" LOOP=0> 	once

This attribute is used with these tags: BGSOUND, IMG, MARQUEE


LOWSRC=

LOWSRC=string

Specifies a lower resolution image to display.

Netscape initially loads the image specified on the first pass of the document. After the initial pass, they go and low the image specified by the SRC attribute. This old image fades into the new image.

Setting the src attribute in code has the side-effect of actually starting to load the new URL into the image area (and aborting the transfer of any image data that is already loading into the same area). Therefore, if you're going to alter the lowsrc property, you need to do so before setting the src property. If the URL in the src property references an image that is not the same size as the image cell it is loaded into, the source image is scaled to fit.

This attribute is used with these tags: IMG


MARGINHEIGHT=

MARGINHEIGHT=string

Sets the amount of top and bottom margin should be set before displaying the text in a frame.

The value for marginheight is in pixels. Margins cannot be less than 1 nor too large that the text cannot be displayed.

This attribute is used with these tags: FRAME, IFRAME

Also see MARGINWIDTH=


MARGINWIDTH=

MARGINWIDTH=string

Sets the amount of left and right margin should be set before displaying the text in a frame.

The value for marginwidth is in pixels. Margins cannot be less than 1 nor too large that the text cannot be displayed.

This attribute is used with these tags: FRAME, IFRAME

Also see MARGINHEIGHT=


MAXLENGTH=

MAXLENGTH=long

Indicates the maximum number of characters that can be entered into a text control.

This can be larger than the SIZE of the textbox. When this occurs, the textbox should scroll accordingly as the user types. The default is there is no limit.

This attribute is used with these tags: INPUT

Also see SIZE=


METHOD=

METHOD=GET | POST

Indicates how the form data should be sent to the server; either GET or POST

GET 	append the arguments to the action URL and open it as if it were an anchor.

POST 	POST means send the data via an HTTP post transaction.

The only legal values are "GET" and "POST"

This attribute is used with these tags: FORM

Also see ACTION=


METHODS=

METHODS=string

The METHODS attributes of anchors and links provide information about the functions that the user may perform on an object. These are more accurately given by the HTTP protocol when it is used, but it may, for similar reasons as for the TITLE attribute, be useful to include the information in advance in the link. For example, the HTML user agent may chose a different rendering as a function of the methods allowed; for example, something that is searchable may get a different icon.

The value of the METHODS attribute is a comma separated list of HTTP methods supported by the object for public use.

This attribute is used with these tags: A, LINK


MULTIPLE

MULTIPLE

Indicates that multiple items in the list can be selected.

This attribute is used with these tags: SELECT


NAME=

NAME=string

Specifies the name of the control, bookmark, or applet.

JavaScript allows the name to be changed at run-time. This does not change the name in the programming model to change, in the collection of elements, but does change the name used for submitting elements.

The name is used to bind the value of the control when submitting a form. The NAME is not the value that is displayed for the button, reset, and submit objects. Submitting the form submits the internally stored value, not the one displayed.

This attribute is used with these tags: AREA, A, APPLET, FORM, IMG, INPUT, LINK, META, OBJECT, SELECT, TEXTAREA


NAME=

NAME=window_name | _blank | _parent | _self | _top

Specifies the name of the frame so it may be targeted from links in other documents.

window_name 	A string that specifies a frame.

_blank 	Loads the link into a new, unnamed window.

_parent 	Loads the link over the parent. If the frame has no parent, then this refers to _self.

_self 	Replaces the page with the specified link.

_top 	Loads the link at the top-most level.

Either a window-name or frame may be specified, or one of the special values above.

The name property on the window comes from the FRAME definition. There is no other way to persist a window name in HTML.

This attribute is used with these tags: FRAME, IFRAME


NAME=

NAME=string

Specifies the name of the property.

This attribute is used with these tags: PARAM


NOHREF=

NOHREF=string

Indicates that clicks in this region should cause no action.

This attribute is used with these tags: AREA


NORESIZE=

NORESIZE=NORESIZE | RESIZE

When this attribute is supplied, the frame is not resizable by the user.

NORESIZE 	Specifies that the frame should have a fixed size.

RESIZE 	Specifies that the frame is resizable.

By default, all frames are resizable.

This attribute is used with these tags: FRAME, IFRAME


NOSHADE=

NOSHADE=string

Draws the horizontal rule without 3-D shading.

This attribute is used with these tags: HR


NOWRAP

NOWRAP

The NOWRAP attribute is used when you do not want the browser to automatically perform word wrap.

This attribute is used with these tags: TD, TH


OBJECT=

OBJECT=string

Specifies the value is a URL of an object element in the same document.

This attribute is used with these tags: PARAM

Also see REF=


PALETTE=

PALETTE=string

To be supplied.

This attribute is used with these tags: EMBED


PLUGINSPAGE=

PLUGINSPAGE=string

To be supplied.

This attribute is used with these tags: EMBED


READONLY=

READONLY=string

Causes the element's contents to be read only.

This is different then disabled. Readonly still allows the element to receive the focus, while disabled does not allow the element to receive the focus.

This attribute is used with these tags: INPUT, SELECT, TEXTAREA


REF=

REF=string

Indicates the value is a URL.

This attribute is used with these tags: PARAM

Also see OBJECT=, DATA=


REL=

REL=string

The REL attribute gives the relationship(s) described by the hypertext link from the anchor to the target. The value is a comma-separated list of relationship values. Values and their semantics will be registered by the HTML registration authority. The default relationship if none other is given is void. The REL attribute is only used when the HREF attribute is present.

This attribute is used with these tags: LINK


REV=

REV=string

The REV attribute is the same as the REL attribute, but the semantics of the link type are in the reverse direction. A link from A to B with REL="X" expresses the same relationship as a link from B to A with REV="X". An anchor may have both REL and REV attributes.

This attribute is used with these tags: LINK


ROWS=

ROWS=long

Specifies the number of rows tall the textarea control should be.

This attribute is used with these tags: TEXTAREA


ROWS=

ROWS=string

A comma delimited list of frames to create. Each item in the list contains the initial size of the row.

This attribute is used with these tags: FRAMESET


ROWSPAN=

ROWSPAN=string

Specifies how many rows in a table this cell should span.

This attribute is used with these tags: TD, TH


RULES=

RULES=ALL | COLS | GROUPS | NONE | ROWS

Specifies which dividing lines are displayed (inner borders).

ALL 	Displays a border on all rows and columns.

COLS 	Displays borders between all table columns.

GROUPS 	Displays horizontal borders between all table groups. Groups are specified by the THEAD, TBODY, TFOOT, and COLGROUP elements.

NONE 	Removes all interior table borders.

ROWS 	Displays horizontal borders between all table rows.

This attribute is used with these tags: TABLE

Also see FRAME=


SCROLL=

SCROLL=string

Turns on or off the scrollbars.

'yes' (default), turns on scrollbars, 'no' turns off the scrollbars.

This attribute is used with these tags: BODY


SCROLLAMOUNT=

SCROLLAMOUNT=long

Specifies the number of pixels the text scrolls between each subsequent drawing of the marquee .

This attribute is used with these tags: MARQUEE


SCROLLDELAY=

SCROLLDELAY=long

Specifies the speed the marquee scroll in milliseconds.

This attribute is used with these tags: MARQUEE


SCROLLING=

SCROLLING=AUTO | NO | YES

Specifies that the frame can be scrolled.

AUTO 	The browser determines if the scrollbars are necessary.

NO 	The frame cannot be scrolled.

YES 	The frame can be scrolled.

The scrollbars default to AUTO if this attribute is omitted.

This attribute is used with these tags: FRAME, IFRAME


SELECTED=

SELECTED=string

Indicates that this item is the default. If not present, the first item is selected by default.

This attribute is used to determine whether a value is submitted with the form. If the value of the control matches the default value, the control's value is not submitted. The value is only submitted when the control's value does not match the default value. Therefore, changing this value changes the rule for whether the value is submitted with the form.

This attribute is used with these tags: OPTION

Also see DEFAULTSELECTED=


SHAPE=

SHAPE=CIRC | CIRCLE | POLY | POLYGON | RECT | RECTANGLE

Specifies the type of shape used in the image map.

CIRC

CIRCLE

POLY

POLYGON

RECT

RECTANGLE

Each shape causes the coords attribute to take a different set of values. The table below describes the relationship:

RECT	Rectangle. Takes four coordinates: x1, y1, x2, and y2.
RECTANGLE	Rectangle. Takes four coordinates: x1, y1, x2, and y2.
CIRC	Circle. Takes three coordinates: centerx, centery, and radius.
CIRCLE	Circle. Takes three coordinates: centerx, centery, and radius.
POLY	Polygon. Takes three or more pairs of coordinates denoting a polygonal region.
POLYGON	Polygon. Takes three or more pairs of coordinates denoting a polygonal region.
This attribute is used with these tags: AREA

Also see COORDS=


SIZE=

SIZE=string

Sets the height of the <HR > element in pixels.

This attribute is used with these tags: HR

Also see FONT-SIZE=


SIZE=

SIZE=variant

Specifies the size of the control.

For the input tag, the size is in characters. For the select tag, when the size is specified, it represents a list box with the specified number of rows.

This attribute is used with these tags: INPUT, SELECT

Also see MAXLENGTH=


SIZE=

SIZE=string

Specifies font size between 1 and 7 (7 is largest).

When used with the BASEFONT tag, throughout the document, relative font size settings -- for example, <FONT SIZE =+3> -- are set according to this value.

This attribute is used with these tags: BASEFONT, FONT

Also see FONT-SIZE=


SPAN=

SPAN=integer

Specifies how many columns are in the group.

This attribute should be ignored if the COLGROUP element contains one or more COL elements. The purpose of this attribute is to provide a more convenient way of grouping columns without the need to specify COL elements.

This attribute is used with these tags: COL, COLGROUP


SRC=

SRC=string

Specifies a URI for the associated file.

This attribute is used with these tags: APPLET, EMBED, FRAME, HR, IFRAME, IMG, UL


SRC=

SRC=string

Specifies the URI of a sound to be played.

This attribute is used with these tags: BGSOUND


SRC=

SRC=string

Specifies an external file that contains the source code.

A script can contain an external reference as well as code within the block. The code specified by src precedes the code contained within the document.

This attribute is used with these tags: SCRIPT


START=

START=string

Specifies the starting number for a list.

This attribute is used with these tags: OL


STYLE=

STYLE=string

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

This attribute is used with these tags: A, ADDRESS, APPLET, AREA, B, BIG, BLOCKQUOTE, BODY, BR, BUTTON, CAPTION, CENTER, CITE, CODE, COL, COLGROUP, DD, DFN, DIR, DIV, DL, DT, EM, EMBED, FONT, FORM, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, HEAD, HR, I, IFRAME, IMG, INPUT, KBD, LABEL, LI, LISTING, MAP, MARQUEE, MENU, NOBR, NOFRAMES, OBJECT, OL, P, PLAINTEXT, PRE, S, SAMP, SELECT, SMALL, SPAN, STRIKE, STRONG, SUB, SUP, TABLE, TBODY, TD, TEXTAREA, TFOOT, TH, THEAD, TR, TT, U, UL, VAR, WBR, XMP


TABINDEX=

TABINDEX=integer

Sets the tabindex for the object.

Tab selection order is determined by the value of tabIndex as follows:

First all elements with tabIndex > 0 are selected in increasing tabIndex order, or in source order for duplicate tabIndex values

Next all elements with tabIndex = 0, or without tabIndex set, in source order if more than one.

Elements with tabIndex = -1 are omitted from tab selection.

This attribute is used with these tags: INPUT, OBJECT, SELECT, TEXTAREA

Also see Z-INDEX=


TARGET=

TARGET=string

Specifies the window or frame to target the contents at.

Special Target Values
_blank	Specifies to load the link into a new blank window. This window is not named.
_parent	Specifies to load the link into the immediate parent of the document the link is in.
_self	Specifies to load the link into the same window the link was clicked in.
_top	Specifies to load the link into the full body of the window.
If there is no frame or window that matches the specified target, a new window is opened for the link.

The default value for target depends upon the URL and site. If the user does not leave the site, the default is _self, but if the user exits to a new site, the default is _top.

This attribute is used with these tags: A, AREA, BASE, FORM, LINK


TEXT=

TEXT=color

Sets the color of text on the page.

ALICEBLUE 	F0F8FF

ANTIQUEWHITE 	FAEBD7

AQUA 	00FFFF

AQUAMARINE 	7FFFD4

AZURE 	F0FFFF

BEIGE 	F5F5DC

BISQUE 	FFE4C4

BLACK

BLANCHEDALMOND 	FFEBCD

BLUE

BLUEVIOLET 	8A2BE2

BROWN 	A52A2A

BURLYWOOD 	DEB887

CADETBLUE 	5F9EA0

CHARTREUSE 	7FFF00

CHOCOLATE 	D2691E

CORAL 	FF7F50

CORNFLOWERBLUE 	6495ED

CORNSILK 	FFF8DC

CRIMSON 	DC143C

CYAN 	00FFFF

DARKBLUE 	00008B

DARKCYAN 	008B8B

DARKGOLDENROD 	B8860B

DARKGRAY 	A9A9A9

DARKGREEN 	006400

DARKKHAKI 	BDB76B

DARKMAGENTA 	8B008B

DARKOLIVEGREEN 	556B2F

DARKORANGE 	FF8C00

DARKORCHID 	9932CC

DARKRED 	8B0000

DARKSALMON 	E9967A

DARKSEAGREEN 	8FBC8F

DARKSLATEBLUE 	483D8B

DARKSLATEGRAY 	2F4F4F

DARKTURQUOISE 	00CED1

DARKVIOLET 	9400D3

DEEPPINK 	FF1493

DEEPSKYBLUE 	00BFFF

DIMGRAY 	696969

DODGERBLUE 	1E90FF

FIREBRICK 	B22222

FLORALWHITE 	FFFAF0

FORESTGREEN 	228B22

FUCHSIA 	FF00FF

GAINSBORO 	DCDCDC

GHOSTWHITE 	F8F8FF

GOLD 	FFD700

GOLDENROD 	DAA520

GRAY 	808080

GREEN 	008000

GREENYELLOW 	ADFF2F

HONEYDEW 	F0FFF0

HOTPINK 	FF69B4

INDIANRED 	CD5C5C

INDIGO 	4B0082

IVORY 	FFFFF0

KHAKI 	F0E68C

LAVENDER 	E6E6FA

LAVENDERBLUSH 	FFF0F5

LAWNGREEN 	7CFC00

LEMONCHIFFON 	FFFACD

LIGHTBLUE 	ADD8E6

LIGHTCORAL 	F08080

LIGHTCYAN 	E0FFFF

LIME

MAROON

NAVY

OLIVE

PURPLE

RED

RGB 	Specifies the hexadecimal RGB code.

SILVER

TEAL

WHITE

YELLOW

This attribute is used with these tags: BODY

Also see INPUT


TITLE=

TITLE=string

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

The title specified in the header of the document displayed in the header bar of the window. The title is exposed in the object model on the document object.

The title is also rendered on other elements within the document as a tooltip.

The Title attribute is useful for at least two reasons. The HTML user agent may display the title of the document prior to retrieving it, for example, as a margin note or on a small box while the mouse is over the anchor, or while the document is being loaded. Another reason is that documents that are not marked up text, such as graphics, plain text and Gopher menus, do not have titles. The TITLE attribute can be used to provide a title to such documents. When using the TITLE attribute, the title should be valid and unique for the destination document.

This attribute is used with these tags: A, APPLET, FRAME, IFRAME, INPUT, LINK, OBJECT, SELECT, STYLE, TEXTAREA, ADDRESS, AREA, B, BASE, BASEFONT, BGSOUND, BIG, BLOCKQUOTE, BODY, BR, BUTTON, CAPTION, CENTER, CITE, CODE, COL, COLGROUP, COMMENT, DD, DFN, DIR, DIV, DL, DT, EM, EMBED, FONT, FORM, FRAMESET, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, HEAD, HR, HTML, I, IMG, KBD, LABEL, LI, LISTING, MAP, MARQUEE, MENU, META, NOBR, NOFRAMES, NOSCRIPT, OL, OPTION, P, PARAM, PLAINTEXT, PRE, S, SAMP, SCRIPT, SMALL, SPAN, STRIKE, STRONG, SUB, SUP, TABLE, TBODY, TD, TFOOT, TH, THEAD, TITLE, TR, TT, U, UL, VAR, WBR, XMP


TOPMARGIN=

TOPMARGIN=string

Specifies the margin for the top of the page and overrides the default margin.

If set to "", the margin will be exactly on the top edge.

This attribute is used with these tags: BODY

Also see LEFTMARGIN=


TYPE=

TYPE=1 | a | A | i | I

Changes the style of the list.

1 	Use numbers.

a 	Use small letters.

A 	Use large letters.

i 	Use small roman numerals.

I 	Use large roman numerals.

This attribute is used with these tags: LI, OL, UL


TYPE=

TYPE=string

Specifies the type of link or rel.

This attribute is used with these tags: LINK


TYPE=

TYPE=string

Returns the CSS language that the style sheet is defined in.

This attribute is used with these tags: STYLE


TYPE=

TYPE=string

Specifies the MIME type for the associated scripting engine.

This attribute is used with these tags: OBJECT

Also see DATA=


TYPE=

TYPE=BUTTON | CHECKBOX | HIDDEN | IMAGE | PASSWORD | RADIO | RESET | SELECT-MULTIPLE | SELECT-ONE | SELECT-ONE | SUBMIT | TEXT | TEXTAREA

Specifies the type of intrinsic control.

BUTTON 	Command Button.

CHECKBOX 	Used for simple Boolean attributes or for attributes that can take multiple values at the same time. It is represented by a number of check box fields, each of which has the same name. Each selected check box generates a separate name/value pair in the submitted data, even if this results in duplicate names. The default value for check boxes is on .

HIDDEN 	No field is presented to the user, but the content of the field is sent with the submitted form. This value can be used to transmit state information about client/server interaction.

IMAGE 	An image field which you can click, causing the form to be immediately submitted. The coordinates of the selected point are measured in pixel units from the upper-left corner of the image, and are returned (along with the other contents of the form) in two name/value pairs. The x-coordinate is submitted under the name of the field with .x appended, and the y-coordinate is submitted under the name of the field with .y appended. Any VALUE attribute is ignored. The image itself is specified by the SRC attribute, exactly as for the Image element.

PASSWORD 	The same as the TEXT attribute, except that text is not displayed as the user enters it.

RADIO 	Used for attributes that accept a single value from a set of alternatives. Each radio-button field in the group should be given the same name. Only the selected radio button in the group generates a name/value pair in the submitted data. Radio buttons require an explicit VALUE attribute.

RESET 	RESET is a button that when pressed resets the form's fields to their specified initial values. The label to be displayed on the button may be specified just as for the SUBMIT button.

SELECT-MULTIPLE 	Specifies a multiple select list box.

SELECT-ONE 	Single select list

SELECT-ONE 	Specifies a single-select list box.

SUBMIT 	SUBMIT is a button that when pressed submits the form. You can use the VALUE attribute to provide a non- editable label to be displayed on the button. The default label is application-specific. If a SUBMIT button is pressed in order to submit the form, and that button has a NAME attribute specified, then that button contributes a name/value pair to the submitted data. Otherwise, a SUBMIT button makes no contribution to the submitted data.

TEXT 	Used for a single-line text-entry field. Use in conjunction with the SIZE and MAXLENGTH attributes.

TEXTAREA 	Used for multiple-line text-entry fields. Use in conjunction with the SIZE and MAXLENGTH attributes.

This attribute is used with these tags: TEXTAREA, SELECT, INPUT


URL=

URL=string

If a URL is specifies, the URL will be loaded after the specified time has elapsed.

This attribute is used with these tags: META


URN=

URN=string

If present, the URN attribute specifies a uniform resource name (URN) for a target document. The format of URNs is under discussion (1994) by various working groups of the Internet Engineering Task Force.

This attribute is used with these tags: A, LINK


USEMAP=

USEMAP=string

Identifies the picture as a client-side image map and specifies a MAP to use for acting on the user's clicks.

This attribute is used with these tags: IMG


VALIGN=

VALIGN=BASELINE | BOTTOM | CENTER | TOP

Displays the elements aligned at the top or bottom within the element.

BASELINE 	Vertical align to the baseline of the font.

BOTTOM

CENTER

TOP

This attribute is used with these tags: COL, COLGROUP, TBODY, TD, TFOOT, TH, THEAD, TR

Also see VERTICAL-ALIGN=


VALIGN=

VALIGN=BOTTOM | TOP

Specifies whether the caption appears at the top or bottom.

BOTTOM

TOP

This attribute is used with these tags: CAPTION


VALUE=

VALUE=string

For textual/numerical controls, specifies the default value of the control. For Boolean controls, specifies the value to be returned when the control is turned on

On a submit button, if the value is not specified, the caption defaults to "Submit". On a reset button, if the value is not specified, the caption defaults to "Reset".

This attribute is used with these tags: INPUT, OPTION, PARAM

Also see VALUE=


VALUE=

VALUE=variant

Changes the count of ordered lists as they progress.

This attribute is used with these tags: LI


VLINK=

VLINK=color

The color of shortcuts that have already been visited.

ALICEBLUE 	F0F8FF

ANTIQUEWHITE 	FAEBD7

AQUA 	00FFFF

AQUAMARINE 	7FFFD4

AZURE 	F0FFFF

BEIGE 	F5F5DC

BISQUE 	FFE4C4

BLACK

BLANCHEDALMOND 	FFEBCD

BLUE

BLUEVIOLET 	8A2BE2

BROWN 	A52A2A

BURLYWOOD 	DEB887

CADETBLUE 	5F9EA0

CHARTREUSE 	7FFF00

CHOCOLATE 	D2691E

CORAL 	FF7F50

CORNFLOWERBLUE 	6495ED

CORNSILK 	FFF8DC

CRIMSON 	DC143C

CYAN 	00FFFF

DARKBLUE 	00008B

DARKCYAN 	008B8B

DARKGOLDENROD 	B8860B

DARKGRAY 	A9A9A9

DARKGREEN 	006400

DARKKHAKI 	BDB76B

DARKMAGENTA 	8B008B

DARKOLIVEGREEN 	556B2F

DARKORANGE 	FF8C00

DARKORCHID 	9932CC

DARKRED 	8B0000

DARKSALMON 	E9967A

DARKSEAGREEN 	8FBC8F

DARKSLATEBLUE 	483D8B

DARKSLATEGRAY 	2F4F4F

DARKTURQUOISE 	00CED1

DARKVIOLET 	9400D3

DEEPPINK 	FF1493

DEEPSKYBLUE 	00BFFF

DIMGRAY 	696969

DODGERBLUE 	1E90FF

FIREBRICK 	B22222

FLORALWHITE 	FFFAF0

FORESTGREEN 	228B22

FUCHSIA 	FF00FF

GAINSBORO 	DCDCDC

GHOSTWHITE 	F8F8FF

GOLD 	FFD700

GOLDENROD 	DAA520

GRAY 	808080

GREEN 	008000

GREENYELLOW 	ADFF2F

HONEYDEW 	F0FFF0

HOTPINK 	FF69B4

INDIANRED 	CD5C5C

INDIGO 	4B0082

IVORY 	FFFFF0

KHAKI 	F0E68C

LAVENDER 	E6E6FA

LAVENDERBLUSH 	FFF0F5

LAWNGREEN 	7CFC00

LEMONCHIFFON 	FFFACD

LIGHTBLUE 	ADD8E6

LIGHTCORAL 	F08080

LIGHTCYAN 	E0FFFF

LIME

MAROON

NAVY

OLIVE

PURPLE

RED

RGB 	Specifies the hexadecimal RGB code.

SILVER

TEAL

WHITE

YELLOW

This attribute is used with these tags: BODY

Also see ALINK=, VLINKCOLOR=


VRML=

VRML=string

Embeds VRML worlds. This requires the Virtual Explorer plug-in to be installed.

This attribute is used with these tags: IMG


VSPACE=

VSPACE=string

Along with HSPACE , specifies margins for the element.

Similar to BORDER , except the margins are not painted with color when the element is a hyperlink.

This attribute is used with these tags: APPLET, IFRAME, IMG, MARQUEE

Also see BORDER=, HSPACE=


WIDTH=

WIDTH=string

Returns the calculated width of the element in pixels. In HTML, this attribute may be initially set in pixels or percentages.

The default width of a <HR > element is the width of the screen. The width attribute on an IMG or a FIG allows the size of the image to be defined in advance to speed up the rendering of the page.

This attribute is used with these tags: APPLET, COL, COLGROUP, EMBED, FRAME, HR, IFRAME, IMG, OBJECT, P, PRE, TABLE, TD, TH

Also see HEIGHT=, WIDTH=


WIDTH=

WIDTH=long

Returns the calculated width of the marquee in window coordinates. In HTML, this attribute may be initially set in pixels or percentages.

This attribute is used with these tags: MARQUEE

Also see WIDTH=, HEIGHT=


background Attribute

{ background: transparent| <color> || <url> || <repeat> || <scroll> || <position>}

'background' describes the background of an element.

For beta 1, only background color and background image is supported.

This attribute is not inherited.

Settings

Background can be any one of the below

•	one color

•	two colors which will be blended according to the 'bg-blend-direction' property an image pointed to by a URI, possibly combined with one color or two blended colors

•	transparent

Corresponding examples:

BODY { background: red }                       /* one color */

  H1 { background: blue / red }                  /* blend two colors */

  BODY { background: "chess.png" black / white } /* img + color combo */

  P { background: transparent }

This property does not inherit, but the parent element's background will shine through by default due to the initial transparent value.

If an image is found through the URI, it will be overlaid on top of any color specified. The color (or color combination) is used:

•	to fill transparent regions of an image

•	while loading the image from the URI

•	if no URI is specified

<repeat>

Value: repeat | repeat-x | repeat-y | no-repeat Initial: repeat scroll

By default, the background image is repeated both in the x and y direction.

BODY { background: http://style.com/marble.png repeat-x }

  BODY { bg-style: repeat-y }

<scroll>

Value: scroll | fixed Initial: scroll

This property describes how the background image should be laid out. By default, the image is scrolled along with the other content. A 'fixed' background is fixed with regard to the canvas.

BODY { bg-style: repeat-x }

  BODY { bg-style: repeat-x scroll }

<position>

Value: <percentage> | <length> | left | center | right [ <percentage> | <length> | top | middle | bottom]? Initial: 0% 0%

The property describes the initial position of a background image specified with the 'background' property. If only one value is given, it sets both the horizontal and vertical offset of the background image. If two values are given, the horizontal position comes first.

With a value pair of '0% 0%', the upper left corner of the image is placed in the upper left corner of the element. A value pair of '100% 100%' places the lower right corner of the image in the lower right corner of the element. With a value pair of '14% 84%', the point 14% across and 84% down the image is to be placed at the point 14% across and 84% down the element.

If the background image is fixed with regard to the canvas (a possible value of 'bg-style'), the images are placed relative to the canvas instead of the element. E.g.:

BODY {

    background: url(logo.png) fixed 100% 100%;

  }

In the example above, the image is placed in the lower right corner of the canvas.

The keyword values are defined as follows:

left   = 0%

  center = 50%

  right  = 100%

  top    = 0%

  middle = 50%

  bottom = 100%


background-attachment Attribute

{ background-attachment: scroll| fixed}

If a background image is specified, the value of ''background-attachment' determines if it is fixed with regard to the canvas or if it scrolls along with the content.

This attribute is not inherited.


background-color Attribute

{ background-color: <color> | transparent}

This property sets the background color of an element.

This attribute is not inherited.


background-image Attribute

{ background-image: <url> | none}

This property sets the background image of an element.

This attribute is not inherited.


background-position Attribute

{ background-position: [<position> | <length>]{1,2} | [top | center | bottom] || [left | center | right]}

If a background image has been specified, the value of 'background-position' specifies its initial position.

This attribute is not inherited.


background-repeat Attribute

{ background-repeat: repeat| repeat-x | repeat-y | no-repeat}

If a background image is specified, the value of 'background-repeat' determines how/if the image is repeated.

This attribute is not inherited.


border Attribute

{ border: <border-width> || <border-style> || <color>}

This attribute specifies the border to display around the element.

This attribute is not inherited.

Settings

These properties set the border of an element: the 'border' property sets the border for all four sides while the other properties only set their respective side.

The border is drawn in the image pointed to by the URL. If no URL is specified, or when the image is not available, the color value is used.

If an image is found through the URL, it will be used as a texture (i.e. repeated) to draw the border. The <color> value, if specified, is used:

•	to fill transparent regions of an image

•	while loading the image from the URL

•	if no URL is specified

If no <color> value is specified, the value of the 'color' property will take its place:

P {

    color: black;

    background: white;

    border: solid;

  }

In the above example, the border will be a solid black line.

<border-width> Value: [ thin | medium | thick | <length> ]
 Initial: medium

The keyword widths are constant throughout a document:

H1 { border: solid thick red }

  P  { border: solid thick blue }

In the example above, 'H1' and 'P' elements will have the same border width regardless of font size. To do relative width, the 'em' unit can be used:

H1 { border: solid 0.5em }

<border-style> Value: [ none | solid]
 Initial: none

The following border styles are defined:

none

no border is drawn (regardless of any <border-width>)

solid

the border is a solid line


border-bottom Attribute

{ border-bottom: <border-bottom-width> || <border-style> || <color>}

This attribute specifies the bottom border.

This attribute is not inherited.

Settings

These properties set the border of an element: the 'border' property sets the border for all four sides while the other properties only set their respective side.

The border is drawn in the image pointed to by the URL. If no URL is specified, or when the image is not available, the color value is used.

If an image is found through the URL, it will be used as a texture (i.e. repeated) to draw the border. The <color> value, if specified, is used:

•	to fill transparent regions of an image

•	while loading the image from the URL

•	if no URL is specified

If no <color> value is specified, the value of the 'color' property will take its place:

P {

    color: black;

    background: white;

    border: solid;

  }

In the above example, the border will be a solid black line.

<border-width> Value: [ thin | medium | thick | <length> ]
 Initial: medium

The keyword widths are constant throughout a document:

H1 { border: solid thick red }

  P  { border: solid thick blue }

In the example above, 'H1' and 'P' elements will have the same border width regardless of font size. To do relative width, the 'em' unit can be used:

H1 { border: solid 0.5em }

<border-style> Value: [ none | solid]
 Initial: none

The following border styles are defined:

none

no border is drawn (regardless of any <border-width>)

solid

the border is a solid line


border-bottom-width Attribute

{ border-bottom-width: thin | medium| thick | <length>}

This property sets the width of an element's bottom border.

This attribute is not inherited.


border-color Attribute

{ border-color: <color>{1,4}}

This property sets the color of the four borders.

This attribute is not inherited.


border-left Attribute

{ border-left: <border-left-width> || <border-style> || <color>}

This attribute sets the left border.

This attribute is not inherited.

Settings

These properties set the border of an element: the 'border' property sets the border for all four sides while the other properties only set their respective side.

The border is drawn in the image pointed to by the URL. If no URL is specified, or when the image is not available, the color value is used.

If an image is found through the URL, it will be used as a texture (i.e. repeated) to draw the border. The <color> value, if specified, is used:

•	to fill transparent regions of an image

•	while loading the image from the URL

•	if no URL is specified

If no <color> value is specified, the value of the 'color' property will take its place:

P {

    color: black;

    background: white;

    border: solid;

  }

In the above example, the border will be a solid black line.

<border-width> Value: [ thin | medium | thick | <length> ]
 Initial: medium

The keyword widths are constant throughout a document:

H1 { border: solid thick red }

  P  { border: solid thick blue }

In the example above, 'H1' and 'P' elements will have the same border width regardless of font size. To do relative width, the 'em' unit can be used:

H1 { border: solid 0.5em }

<border-style> Value: [ none | solid]
 Initial: none

The following border styles are defined:

none

no border is drawn (regardless of any <border-width>)

solid

the border is a solid line


border-left-width Attribute

{ border-left-width: thin | medium| thick | <length>}

This property sets the width of an element's left border.

This attribute is not inherited.


border-right Attribute

{ border-right: <border-right-width> || <border-style> || <color>}

This attribute sets the right border.

This attribute is not inherited.

Settings

These properties set the border of an element: the 'border' property sets the border for all four sides while the other properties only set their respective side.

The border is drawn in the image pointed to by the URL. If no URL is specified, or when the image is not available, the color value is used.

If an image is found through the URL, it will be used as a texture (i.e. repeated) to draw the border. The <color> value, if specified, is used:

•	to fill transparent regions of an image

•	while loading the image from the URL

•	if no URL is specified

If no <color> value is specified, the value of the 'color' property will take its place:

P {

    color: black;

    background: white;

    border: solid;

  }

In the above example, the border will be a solid black line.

<border-width> Value: [ thin | medium | thick | <length> ]
 Initial: medium

The keyword widths are constant throughout a document:

H1 { border: solid thick red }

  P  { border: solid thick blue }

In the example above, 'H1' and 'P' elements will have the same border width regardless of font size. To do relative width, the 'em' unit can be used:

H1 { border: solid 0.5em }

<border-style> Value: [ none | solid]
 Initial: none

The following border styles are defined:

none

no border is drawn (regardless of any <border-width>)

solid

the border is a solid line


border-right-width Attribute

{ border-right-width: thin | medium| thick | <length>}

This property sets the width of an element's right border.

This attribute is not inherited.


border-style Attribute

{ border-style: none | solid}

This property sets the style of the for borders.

This attribute is not inherited.


border-top Attribute

{ border-top: <border-top-width> || <border-style> || <color>}

This attribute describes top border.

This attribute is not inherited.

Settings

These properties set the border of an element: the 'border' property sets the border for all four sides while the other properties only set their respective side.

The border is drawn in the image pointed to by the URL. If no URL is specified, or when the image is not available, the color value is used.

If an image is found through the URL, it will be used as a texture (i.e. repeated) to draw the border. The <color> value, if specified, is used:

•	to fill transparent regions of an image

•	while loading the image from the URL

•	if no URL is specified

If no <color> value is specified, the value of the 'color' property will take its place:

P {

    color: black;

    background: white;

    border: solid;

  }

In the above example, the border will be a solid black line.

<border-width> Value: [ thin | medium | thick | <length> ]
 Initial: medium

The keyword widths are constant throughout a document:

H1 { border: solid thick red }

  P  { border: solid thick blue }

In the example above, 'H1' and 'P' elements will have the same border width regardless of font size. To do relative width, the 'em' unit can be used:

H1 { border: solid 0.5em }

<border-style> Value: [ none | solid]
 Initial: none

The following border styles are defined:

none

no border is drawn (regardless of any <border-width>)

solid

the border is a solid line


border-top-width Attribute

{ border-top-width: thin | medium| thick | <length>}

This property sets the width of an element's top border.

This attribute is not inherited.


border-width Attribute

{ border-width: [thin | medium | thick | <length>]{1,4}}

This property is a shorthand property for setting 'border-width-top', 'border-width-right', 'border-width-bottom', and 'border-width-left' at the same place in the style sheet.

This attribute is not inherited.


color Attribute

{ color: <color>}

This property describes the text color of an element, i.e. the "foreground" color.

This attribute is inherited.

Settings

There are different ways to specify red:

EM { color: red }              /* natural language / CNS */

  EM { color: #F00 }             /* #RGB */

  EM { color: #FF0000 }          /* #RRGGBB */

  EM { color: rgb 1.0 0.0 0.0 }  /* float range: 0.0 - 1.0 */


display Attribute

{ display: none}

This property indicates if an element is inline (e.g. 'EM' in HTML), block-level (e.g. 'H1' in HTML), or a block-level list item (e.g. 'LI' in HTML). For HTML documents, the initial value will be taken from the HTML specification.

This attribute is not inherited.


font Attribute

{ font: [ <font-style> || <font-variant> || <font-weight> ]? <font-size> [ / <line-height> ]? <font-family>}

Defines the font attributes.

This attribute is inherited.


font-family Attribute

{ font-family: [[ <family-name> | <generic-family> ] , ]* [ <family-name> | <generic-family> ]}

Sets the font-family.

This attribute is inherited.

Settings

The value is a prioritized list of font family names and/or generic family names. List items are separated by white space. If the font family name contains white space, it should be quoted with single or double quotes. In level 1, the following generic families are defined: 'serif' (e.g. Times) 'sans-serif' (e.g. Helvetica) 'cursive' (e.g. Zapf-Chancery) 'fantasy' (e.g. Western) 'monospace' (e.g. Courier) Style sheet writers are encouraged to offer a generic font family at the end of the list: BODY { font-family: univers helvetica sans-serif } BODY { font-family: 'new century schoolbook' serif } BODY { font-family: "Bill's own font" fantasy } Ideally, the style sheet designer should specify only one font, and the font manager should return the best alternative (perhaps by taking visual similarity, visual quality and performance into account). Unfortunately, current rendering environments do not offer this level of service, and it is beyond the style sheet mechanism to do so. Therefore, a prioritized list of alternative families can be supplied. This practice poses one problem: the UA must be able to determine if a font selection has been successful or not to know how far it should proceed in the list. One example: if the style sheet asks for 'univers' and the window system is smart enough to suggest 'helvetica' (which looks almost identical) as a replacement, is this a success or failure? This specification leaves the answer undefined for now.


font-size Attribute

{ font-size: [xx-large | x-large | large | medium | small | x-small | xx-small] | [larger | smaller] | <percentage> | <length>}

Specifies the font size.

This attribute is inherited.

Settings

Refer to the CSS1 specification for details on font-size.


font-style Attribute

{ font-style: normal| italic | oblique}

Sets the font style.

IE currently only supports italic | normal.

This attribute is inherited.

Settings

Legal combinations of the values are:

•	one of the four values

•	'italic' or 'oblique', combined with 'small-caps'

If the preferred font style cannot be accomplished, the UA should make best efforts to find acceptable substitutions. Often, an 'oblique' font can be substituted by an 'italic' font. If 'small-caps' are not available, capital letters of a smaller font size can be used to render small characters if the resolution of the output medium is appropriate for this.

H1, H2, H3 { font-style: small-caps  italic }

  H1 EM { font-style: italic }

In the example above, emphasized text within 'H1' will appear in normal lower-case italic.


font-variant Attribute

{ font-variant: normal| small-caps}

This attribute is inherited.


font-weight Attribute

{ font-weight: normal| bold | bolder | lighter | 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 | 700 | 800 | 900}

Sets the weight (boldness) of the text.

IE currently only supports normal | bold.

This attribute is inherited.

Settings

If the value is a number, it is interpreted relative to the parent element's weight. A value of '1' suggests two jumps in the table corresponding to the keywords.

P { font-weight: medium }

  B { font-weight: +1 }       /* the '+' is optional */

In the example above, 'B' elements will be two table position "bolder" than their parent. If they are children of an 'P' element, the resulting value is 'bold'. Non-integer font weights are allowed.

If the desired font weight is not available, the UA selects an approximation strategy.


height Attribute

{ height: <length> | auto}

This property can be applied to text, but it is most useful with inline images and similar insertions. The height is to be enforced by scaling the image if necessary. When scaling, the aspect ratio of the image should be preserved if the 'width' property is 'auto'.

This attribute is not inherited.


left Attribute

{ left: <length> | <percentage> | auto}

Sets the left position when in a 2D canvas.

This attribute is not inherited.


letter-spacing Attribute

{ letter-spacing: normal| <length>}

The length unit indicates an addition to the default space between characters.

This attribute is inherited.

Settings

Values can be negative, but there may be implementation-specific limits. The UA is free to select the exact spacing algorithm. The letter spacing may also be influenced by justification (which is a value of the 'align' property).

BLOCKQUOTE { letter-spacing: 0.1em }

Here, the word-spacing between each character in 'BLOCKQUOTE' elements would be increased with '0.1em'.


line-height Attribute

{ line-height: normal| <number> | <length> | <percentage>}

The property refers to the distance between two adjacent lines' baselines.

This attribute is inherited.

Settings

If there is more than one element on a formatted line, the maximum 'line-height' will apply. One should therefore be careful when setting 'line-height' on inline elements.

Negative values are not allowed.

P { line-height: 1.2em; font-size: 10pt }

  P { line-height: 120%; font-size: 10pt }

The two rules in the above example are identical.


margin Attribute

{ margin: [ <length> | <percentage> | auto ] {1,4}}

Allows all four margins to be specified with a single attribute.

This attribute is not inherited.

Settings

The values specify the margins in the following order: top, right, bottom, left.


margin-bottom Attribute

{ margin-bottom: [ <length> | <percentage> | auto ]}

Specifies the bottom-margin for the text block.

This attribute is not inherited.


margin-left Attribute

{ margin-left: [ <length> | <percentage> | auto ]}

Specifies the left-margin for the text.

This attribute is not inherited.


margin-right Attribute

{ margin-right: [ <length> | <percentage> | auto ]}

Specifies the right-margin for the text.

This attribute is not inherited.


margin-top Attribute

{ margin-top: [ <length> | <percentage> | auto ]}

Specifies the top-margin for the text.

This attribute is not inherited.


overflow Attribute

{ overflow: none | clip | scroll}

This attribute is not inherited.


position Attribute

{ position: absolute | relative | static}

Specifies whether the element can be positioned.

This attribute is not inherited.


text-align Attribute

{ text-align: left | right | center | justify}

This property describes how text is aligned within the element. The actual justification algorithm used is UA and human language dependent.

Beta 1 does not support justify.

This attribute is inherited.

Settings

Example

DIV.center { text-align: center }

Since this property inherit, all block-level elements inside the 'DIV' element with 'CLASS=center' will be centered. Note that alignments are relative to the width of the element, not the canvas.


text-decoration Attribute

{ text-decoration: none| [ underline || overline || line-through || blink ]}

This property describes decorations that are added to the text of an element.

For beta 1, overline and blink are not supported.

This attribute is not inherited.

Settings

If the element has no text (e.g. the IMG element in HTML) or is an empty element (e.g. "<EM></EM>"), this property has no effect.

Formatters should treat unknown values as 'box', which should be rendered as a simple rectangle around the element. If the element is 'inline' and spans several lines, the UA is free to render several boxes, possibly with omitted edges.

If more than one color is required, e.g. for the 'box', the other colors should be based on the text color.

This property is not inherited, but children elements should match their ancestor. E.g., if an element is underlined, the line should span the child elements. The color of the underlining will remain the same even if descendant elements have different 'color' values.

A:link, A:visited, A:active { text-decoration: underline }

The example above would underline the text of all active links.


text-indent Attribute

{ text-indent: <length> | <percentage>}

The property specifies indent that appears before the first formatted line. 'text-indent' may be negative. An indent is not inserted in the middle of an element that was broken by another (such as 'BR' in HTML).

This attribute is inherited.

Settings

Example

P { text-indent: 3em }


text-transform Attribute

{ text-transform: capitalize | uppercase | lowercase | none}

Transforms the text.

Capitalize is not supported for beta 1.

This attribute is inherited.

Settings

The actual transformation in each case is human language and UA dependent.

H1 { text-transform: uppercase }

The example above would put 'H1' elements in uppercase text.


top Attribute

{ top: <length> | <percentage> | auto}

Sets or Returns the top position for elements that are positioned absolutely or relatively

This attribute is not inherited.


vertical-align Attribute

{ vertical-align: baseline| sub | super | top | text-top | middle | bottom | text-bottom | <percentage>}

The property affects the vertical positioning of the element.

This attribute is not inherited.

Settings

One set of keywords is relative to the parent element:

•	baseline

•	middle

•	sub

•	super

•	text-top

•	text-bottom

Another set of properties are relative to the formatted line that the element is a part of:

•	top

•	bottom

Using the 'top' and 'bottom' alignment, unsolvable situations can occur where element dependencies form a loop.

Percentage values refer to the 'line-height' of the element itself. E.g., a value of '-100%' will lower the element to where the baseline of the next line should have been.

The 'first-letter' pseudo-element has a special interpretation of a negative value on 'vertical-align': the letter is "dropped" into the element.

Example

SPAN.subscript { vertical-align: sub }


visibility Attribute

{ visibility: visible | hidden | inherit}

This attribute is not inherited.


width Attribute

{ width: <length> | <percentage> | auto}

This property can be applied to text elements, but it is most useful with inline images and similar insertions. The width is to be enforced by scaling the image if necessary. When scaling, the aspect ratio of the image should be preserved if the 'height' property is 'auto'.

This attribute is not inherited.


z-index Attribute

{ z-index: number}

Specifies the z-index for the element. Positive z-index is above the text, negative z-index is rendered below the text.

This attribute is not inherited.


Abstract
Data binding provides a way to publish data stored in databases on the web without requiring complex, server-side scripting to generate HTML documents for viewing with a browser. The data binding mechanism extends HTML to allow authors to construct live pages and applications with a minimum of scripting. The following sections explain data binding and define the extensions that authors use to implement it.

Abstract

The HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is a simple markup language used to create hypertext documents that are portable from one platform to another. HTML documents are SGML documents with generic semantics that are appropriate for representing information from a wide range of applications. This document presents some possible directions for extending HTML to allow repetition and binding of HTML elements.


Goals

Publishing data stored in a database on the web today requires complex scripting to generate HTML documents that can be viewed with a user agent. The goal of this proposal is to introduce a simple data binding mechanism native to HTML to allow authors to construct live pages and applications without requiring complex scripting. This will be accomplished by adopting a desktop applications paradigm currently in use by many existing client/server development tools. The set of proposed extensions will be limited, but will still allow authors to build a rich set of applications. This proposal is expected to be a first step for allowing data binding on the Web. We expect it to evolve in the future to cover a broader set of issues.


Introduction

To display data stored in databases, or more generally tabular data, using HTML, server side processes (CGI, ISAPI, PERL ...) must be used to generate dynamic HTML pages which contain the data. When the quantity of data being accessed is large, servers generate pages which contain only portions of the data and force the user on the client to request additional pages which contain another portion of the data. Servers must cache the client state to be able to correctly display the next portion of data. To enable editing, the server must generate HTML which contains a form and submit button to allow the client to send the data to a server script to post the data back to the database. In short, this represents a poor paradigm for both the programmer and a disjoint view of the data for the user.

On the other hand, desktop application users are accustomed to browsing data within forms on their client desktop. They are able to retrieve large lists of items and use scrollbars and other controls to view the items. They are able to add, delete, and edit records directly within the application. Moreover, programmers generally provide these applications by constructing the user form and binding elements within the form to columns of a data base. They can write code with the form which performs validation and interacts with the user. This provides a relatively straightforward programming paradigm for the programmer and a consistent experience for the user.

By extending HTML through the introduction of new attributes, we can enable a more straightforward programming paradigm for the programmer and bring the ease of desktop applicatoin use to the end user. The remainder of this document presents a proposal for the additional attributes which will enable application construction directly in HTML.


Data Binding Extensions to HTML

Two relationships are key to data binding: source and consumer. Data consumers specify binding by referencing the data source to which they are bound. To achive this, we need a way for the data consumer to specify the source of the data and the type of the data being bound. The consumer requires two attributes to uniquely identify a single data value: a data source specification (DATASRC), which indicates the source object, and a data field specification (DATAFLD), which indicates the property/attribute of the data source object or a column of the data set.

There are two basic types of consumers: single-valued and tabular data. Single-valued consumers consume a single value from the current row of a tabular data source, either within or outside a table - called value binding. Tabular data consumers consume an entire set of records from a tabular data provider - called set binding.

To enable construction of HTML pages (applications) with data binding, we need to introduce three new attributes:

•	DATASRC

•	DATAFLD

•	DATAFORMATAS


DATASRC Attribute

Category: language
 Value: #<IDref>
 Initial: N/A
 Applies to: TABLE, SPAN, DIV, OBJECT, PARAM, INPUT, SELECT, TEXTAREA, IMG, MARQUEE
 Inherited: yes

DATASRC is used to specify the source of the data for data binding. DATASRC is used for both tabular data binding and for single-valued data binding. DATASRC takes an IDref as its value. The IDref uniquely identifies an element on the page.

When DATASRC is used for tabular data binding it specifies that the entire contents of the table be repeated once for each record from the set of tabular data. All sub-elements are repeated unless such repetition would violate the DTD.

DATASRC can be inherited when specifying a value binding within a repeated table, e.g. a column of a tabular data provider. When only a DATAFLD is specified the enclosing table is interrogated to find a matching DATASRC complete the binding. Inheritance holds only for value binding. Set binding specifications can not be inherited - an explicit DATASRC must be specified.

Example:

<TABLE DATASRC="#customer_source">

    <TR>

<TD><INPUT TYPE=TEXTBOX DATAFLD="customer_name">

</TABLE>

Here, the intrinsic textbox is bound to the customer name of the current row of the data source control with ID=customer_source and the contents of the table, in this case <TR>, will be repeated once for each record in the set of tabular data.


DATAFLD Attribute

Category: language
 Value: <column name>
 Initial: N/A
 Applies to: SPAN, DIV, OBJECT, PARAM, INPUT, SELECT, TEXTAREA, IMG, MARQUEE
 Inherited: no

DATAFLD is used in conjunction with DATASRC. DATAFLD is a text property which further qualifies the binding to the element specified in DATASRC.

<column name>

DATAFLD specifies the name of the column in the set of tabular data.

Examples:

<TABLE DATASRC="#ice_cream">

    <TR>

<TD><INPUT TYPE=TEXTBOX DATAFLD=flavor>

<TD><OBJECT ID="sundae" WIDTH=100 HEIGHT=51

 	CLASSID="CLSID:FFFFFFF-EEEE-DDDD-CCCC-BBBBBBBBBBBB">

    	<PARAM NAME="Color" DATAFLD="color">

    	<PARAM NAME="Appearance" VALUE="1">

    </OBJECT>

</TABLE>

Here, the <OBJECT> with ID=sundae has its Color property bound to the color column of the data source control. Similarly, the Textbox displays the flavor.

<SELECT DATASRC="#order" DATAFLD="card_type">

<OPTION>Visa

<OPTION>Mastercard

<OPTION>American Express

<OPTION>Diners Club

<OPTION>Discover

</SELECT>

Here, the SELECT control is bound to the card_type column of the data source control with ID=order. The value of the field will result in the appropriate option being selected.


DATAFORMATAS Attribute

Category: language
 Value: "text", "html", "none"
 Initial: "text"
 Applies to: SPAN, DIV, MARQUEE
 Inherited: no

The DATAFORMATAS attribute specifies the type of the data being bound. User agents should perform the appropriate processing to ensure that the correctly requested data type is supplied. The values correspond to the following behavior: text indicates that the data is expected to be supplied in textual form; html indicates that the data is expected in HTML form and may be parsed prior to display; none indicates that the data should be supplied in its raw format, e.g. long integer.

Examples:

<DIV DATAFLD="Column2" DATAFORMATAS="html"></DIV>

<TEXTAREA DATASRC="customer" DATAFLD="address" DATAFORMATAS="text" ROWS=6 COLS=60>

</TEXTAREA>

<SPAN DATASRC="#bank_acct" DATAFLD="balance" DATAFORMATAS="none"></SPAN>

In the DIV and SPAN examples, the data will be supplied in HTML format. In the TEXTAREA example, the data will be supplied in text format.


Overview

Extensions have been proposed to HTML to support data binding. These extensions can be used to bind elements on an HTML page to data originating from a data source control on the page. More specifically, the data source control (data provider) is capable of supplying an entire set of data to the page. Therefore, when binding single-valued consuming elements to the data source control, we must support the additional context of the current record - that is, the record which is supplying data to the bound elements.

IE4/MSHTML is initially supporting two data providers: Advanced Data Connector (ADC) and SimpleTabularData. The ADC provider will support notifications for changes to the current record. The SimpleTabularData providers will not. For SimpleTabularData providers, IE4/MSHTML will provide a mechanism to supply current record notifications when changes occur.

The following sections list the HTML elements - referred to hereafter as generically as consumers - that will support current record binding. For each element, the binding behavior is described, including whether editing will be supported. In all cases, the DATASRC and DATAFLD extensions are used on the elements to refer to the source of the data.


DIV Element

DIV tags are read-only data consumers. Therefore, they require no event model to support user edits. They can be used to display a block of plain text or HTML text and the text will change resulting in the re-rendering of the page when the current record changes or when the underlying value in the column of the data provider changes. When displaying HTML text, the DIV must have the DATAFORMATAS attribute with a "html" value.


SPAN Element

Like DIV, SPAN is also a read-only data consumer. SPANs can be used to display in-line text or limited HTML text. When the SPAN is used to display HTML text, the DATAFORMATAS attribute must be specified with an "html" value. HTML text is limited by the DTD of the SPAN to exclude any block elements of HTML. SPANs will be re-rendered with data corresponding to the new current record when the current record changes or when the underlying value in the column of the data provider changes.


SELECT Element

The select control is an HTML element which supplies functionality of a listbox or combo. We are only supporting binding to the selected element (SELECT supports a MULTIPLE attribute to allow selection of multiple items from the listbox). SELECTs with a MULTIPLE attribute will not be supported and as such, the DATASRC and DATAFLD attributes will be ignored.

The items in a SELECT control are specified using <OPTION> tags. The Netscape object model defines an options array which corresponds to the collection of OPTION tags for a SELECT. Each OPTION has a corresponding index, text, and value. The SELECT has a selectedIndex property which corresponds to the index of the OPTION currently selected. If no item is selected, the selectedIndex is set to -1. The text attribute of an OPTION corresponds to the text following the OPTION tag and represents the string which is displayed for that OPTION in the SELECT. The value attribute provides the value which is to be returned when the HTML form is submitted. Value is also what is stored into the bound column of the data source.

Initially, the selectedIndex property of a bound SELECT control will be set to the index of the value in the options array corresponding to the field of the data source. If the value is not a member of the options array, the index property should be set to -1 and, if the SELECT is a combo, no value should be displayed. When a user changes the selected item, the corresponding OPTION value (attribute) is used to update the value of the bound field of the data source. Validation events are fired as with other controls.


INPUT Element

The INPUT tag represents a set of HTML intrinsic controls and as such has multiple types which are interesting for data binding (there are also types which are not interesting for data binding). Each of the types for data binding is detailed in the following sections.

Radio Type

Radio buttons are used to select a single value from a set of alternatives. These can be used to select the value for an enumerated field in a database. One radio button is specified for each of the alternatives using a separate <INPUT>. The NAME attribute on the <INPUT> determines the logic grouping of alternatives. One value is bound for all the <INPUT>s with the same NAME attribute. Any <INPUT> within a NAMEd group can specify the corresponding DATASRC and DATAFLD attributes. If more than one <INPUT> of a NAMEd group specifies binding attributes which are not identical to a previously specified binding, the previously specified binding takes precedence. Result, a group of radio buttons may not be bound to separate data sources. IE4/MSHTML will be required to recognize NAMEd groups of radio buttons and perform the notifications and data transfer appropriately.

Checkbox Type

Although checkboxes allow a value attribute which is used when submitting an HTML form on a page, IE4/MSHTML will use checkboxes as simple boolean selections. Checkboxes generate the boolean values true or false depending on whether they are checked or not. Checkboxes can be bound using the DATASRC and DATAFLD attributes. The binding agent will coerce the values to and from the underlying database. The following coercions will be supported based on the type of the bound column:

Data Type	Values set from Provider		Values stored to Provider
	True Value	False Value	True Value	False Value
String	"True"	"False"	"True"	"False"
Integer (all lengths)	non-zero	0	-1	0
Floating Point (all lengths)	non-zero	0	-1.0	0.0
Date	invalid	invalid	invalid	invalid
Currency	non-zero	0	-1.0	0.0
Note that when columns contain values other than those specified in the "Values stored to Provider" column, they may be updated to the values specified. In other words, values are not guaranteed to be kept intact.

Text Type

Text type is used as a simple textbox. As expected, the value of the textbox can be bound to a field in the data source using the DATASRC and DATAFLD attributes.

Hidden Type

The hidden intrinsic provides a hidden element within the HTML page to store information. It will be supported for data binding in a read-only fashion. That is, the element can be populated with data from the current record, but cannot be modified.

Unsupported Types for Data Binding

A number of types are not applicable to data binding. They are as follows.

The SUBMIT button is the mechanism in HTML forms which initiates a transfer of data from the client back to the server. The submit button can neither display nor edit a bound value. Therefore, it is not useful for data binding.

The RESET button is similar to the submit button. It does not have the capability to display data or provide edit functionality to the user. So, like the submit button, it is not useful for data binding. However, note that the reset functionality may have some applicability to data binding. This will be addressed later in the document.

FILE allows the specification of a name of a file which, on submit, will have its contents transmitted to the server. Since this has value only for submit behavior, it is not useful for data binding.

The PASSWORD type is basically the same as the TEXT type except that the bound text is not displayed to the user. Binding to the PASSWORD type is being avoided since although the data would not be displayable in the control, when the value was written to the data provider, it would be fully exposed to script. Currently, both the Netscape and IE object models do not expose the value through scripting. Therefore, we avoid a security issue by not binding to the PASSWORD element since we could not prevent the value from being exposed through the data object model.

The BUTTON type is not useful for data binding since the button simply fires an action and can provide no data.


TEXTAREA Element

A TEXTAREA is a multi-row text box for data input similar to the <INPUT TYPE=text> intrinsic. We will support DATASRC and DATAFLD on the TEXTAREA for binding the values to the column of a data source control.

When the TEXTAREA has a DATAFORMTAS property set to the value "html", the text flowing into/out of the TEXTAREA is HTML and should be rendered as such.


MARQUEE Element

We will support read-only data binding to MARQUEEs. When DATASRC and DATAFLD are specified on a MARQUEE, the intervening text between <MARQUEE> and </MARQUEE> will be ignored and the value from the column specified by DATAFLD will be used as the content of the MARQUEE. HTML text can also be displayed within a MARQUEE by including the DATAFORMATAS attribute with a "html" value.


IMG Element

Read-only binding will be supported to the SRC attribute of the image tag. The binding is for a URL. That is, the data in the bound column should contain a valid URL. Image data is not expected.


OBJECT Element

We will support binding to the default value of an OBJECT; that is to the (OLE) property with the DefaultBind flag set in its typeinfo (there can be only a single property with DefaultBind set). If no property has the DefaultBind flag, the default property (dispid 0) of the OBJECT should be used. For this type of binding DATASRC and DATAFLD would be specified as attributes of the OBJECT tag. The implementation would need to examine the typeinfo of the control to determine which property was being bound.

Additionally, we will support binding to arbitrary PARAMs of the OBJECT. In this case, the DATASRC and DATAFLD attributes would be specified on the PARAM tag. Specifications of this form would denote that the property specified in the NAME attribute of the PARAM tag was being bound to the value indicated by DATASRC/DATAFLD. The VALUE attribute could also be specified on the PARAM tag as this is function of the way the OBJECT persists itself, but this VALUE would not represent the initial value of the bound property. The initial value would correspond to the value obtained from the data source.


APPLET Element

Binding to the APPLET tag will be supported. The binding specification will be placed on the PARAM tag corresponding to the property name being bound. For example, the following specifies a binding on the xyz property of the applet:

<APPLET>

    <PARAM NAME="xyz" VALUE="abc" DATASRC="Ctrl1" DATAFLD="Column1">

    <PARAM NAME="Title" VALUE="BoundApplet">

</APPLET>

Single Binding Support

Only a single PARAM tag may contain a data binding specification. When more than one binding is specified the behavior is undefined (but won't crash). This will be expanded at a later date to support binding to multiple PARAMs.

Property Name Resolution

The NAME attribute of the PARAM specifies the basename of the Java methods used to get and set the value of the property. This is termed basename since the method of the Java applet to retrieve the value of the property is get<basename>. Correspondingly, the method to set the value of the Java applet is set<basename>. This naming convention is consistent with the JavaBeans 1.0 specification.

Notifications

No notifications will be fired by the Applet when values change. Support is currently being added to the Java VM to support notifications through the standard COM interfaces exposed on Java classes. When this support is available, we will then support notifications from the Applet and synchronize data transfers appropriately.

The absence of notifications implies that the only time we will detect when an Applet changes the value of a property is through a current record transition. On this transition, the binding agent will interrogate the Applet and will transfer a modified data value, after validation, to the data source. When values are changed directly in the data source, the binding agent will be notified by the data source and will transfer the value to the Applet immediately upon notification.

Name Space Co-mingling

The bound PARAM in the example above is the most complicated specification possible. That is, it addresses the case where there is a binding to a property specified by the NAME attribute and there is a parameter to the Applet with the same NAME with a corresponding VALUE attribute. This essentially co-mingles two name spaces: the parameter name space for the applet and the binding name space, since we use the NAME attribute for both. In such cases, the Applet will ignore the unexpected DATASRC and DATAFLD attributes on the PARAM when fetching a parameter (Applets explicitly fetch parameters using the getParameter() method) and our binding agent will recognize the attributes and attempt binding using the get and set methods specified above.

The simplest example is one where there is no conflict between the parameter name space and the property name space. An example would be:

<APPLET>

    <PARAM NAME="backcolor" DATASRC="Ctrl1" DATAFLD="Color">

</APPLET>

Here, the backcolor property only has DATASRC and DATAFLD attributes. No VALUE attribute is specified.


Overview

Extensions have been proposed to HTML to support data binding. These extensions can be used to bind elements on an HTML page to data originating from a data source control on the page. More specifically, the data source control (data provider) is capable of supplying an entire set of data to the page. Therefore, when binding single-valued consuming elements to the data source control, we must support the additional context of the current record - that is, the record which is supplying data to the bound elements.

IE4/MSHTML is initially supporting two data providers: Advanced Data Connector (ADC) and SimpleTabularData. The ADC will support notifications for changes to the current record position. The SimpleTabularData providers will not. For SimpleTabularData providers, IE4/MSHTML will provide a mechanism to supply current record notifications when the position changes.

Script writers and programmers will require notifications on data modifications so they can perform validation of the data and other processing. In conjunction with receiving notifications, the programmer must know when data changed in an element has been committed to the data source. Finally, the programmer needs the ability to perform some clean-up processing before the HTML page is unloaded. This remainder of this spec addresses these issues.


Notifications/Events

Notifications are required to support editing of data from a data source and allowing the programmer intervene to validate the data entered and perform other processing. A number of events will be introduced to the IE4/MSHTML object model when a editable bound element is present (DIV, SPAN, MARQUEE, and IMG do not support editing).

In all cases the event handler returns FALSE to cancel an event, provided the event can be canceled.


onbeforeupdate(can_cancel)

The onbeforeupdate event will be fired when an element loses the focus (the next/previous element in the tab order receives the focus) or the page is attempted to be unloaded. onbeforeupdate will only fire if the value in the element has changed from the value present in the element when it received the focus. onbeforeupdate fires before both the onafterupdate() event (specified below) and the onchange event. onbeforeupdate will not fire if the value is set from script.

A boolean parameter will be passed to the call indicating whether the call is cancelable or not . If cancelable, this allows the programmer to fail the validation and leave the content of the field, as well as the cursor position, intact. The programmer simply sets the value of retvalue in the event object to false and exits from the event handler. IE4/MSHTML will then abort processing the event and cancel the action which originally caused onbeforeupdate to fire (actions which are unloading the page are handled through the onbeforeunload event).

The onbeforeupdate event will be added to and fired on each data bound element - elements with a DATAFLD attribute. onbeforeupdate will bubble up to the document level similar to the click event in IE4/MSHTML. The IE4/MSHTML event object will be available to the script writer.

Additionally, the following elements fire the onbeforeupdate/onafterupdate sequence immediately on data change rather than on loss of focus: INPUT TYPE=checkbox, INPUT TYPE=radio, SELECT, and OBJECTS (OLE) with an immediate bind flag set on the bound property.


onafterupdate()

onafterupdate will be fired following the transfer of data from the element to the data provider (and after a successful onbeforeupdate). onafterupdate only fires in instances where onbeforeupdate fired (when data in an element has changed). Like onbeforeupdate, onafterupdate will not fire if the value is set from script.

onafterupdate is not cancelable.

Like onbeforeupdate, onafterupdate will be added to all valid elements with a DATAFLD attribute and will bubble up to the document level. The event object will be available to the script writer.


onrowexit(can_cancel)

This event is fired just prior to the data source control changing the current record. This event gives the user the ability to perform record level validation on the set of fields comprising a record prior to moving to the next record. A boolean parameter will be passed to the call indicating whether the call is cancelable or not .

The event is fired on the data source control and the event object will be available. onbeforeupdate and onafterupdate have already been called on an edited field prior to onrowexit firing so that all values from edited elements will have been transferred to the data source. onrowexit will fire if the current record position is changed through script (this can occur for a number of reasons including: a method call on the data source, a method call of the IE4/MSHTML data object model, deleting the current record, etc.)

onrowexit can be cancelable depending on the boolean value of the can_cancel parameter. This allows the programmer to abort the change of current record in instances where possible. There are instances where an onrowexit() call cannot be canceled, for example: when the current record is deleted using a provider which does not cache deleted records until a commit to the server.

orowexit() will also fire when the page is being shut down - that is, when the user requests to navigate to a new page (ex: hyperlink, back/forward button) or when the browser is being shut down.


onrowenter()

onrowenter is fired to indicate that the current record has been changed and new data values are available. This will provide the programmer with an event to do pre-processing of the data in the (new) current record.

As with onrowexit, the event is fired on the data source control and the event object will be available. Data from the data source will already have been transferred to the bound elements prior to onrowenter firing. onrowenter will fire at all times the onrowexit fires (that is, whether the value was changed from script or through some other element on the page).

onrowenter() is not cancelable.


Reentrancy

Reentrancy needs to be considered carefully only for the onrowexit and onrowenter events (recall that onafterupdate and onbeforeupdate are not called when changes are made to elements using script). So, we need to ensure that the behavior is consistent when the current record is changed from the onrowenter or onrowexit scripts (or other scripts invoked with onrow[enter|exit] on the call stack).


Event Ordering

Ordering of the events fired for data binding must be consistent with and supplement the events fired from the IE4/MSHTML object model. The following list shows the order in which the new data binding events will fire relative to the existing IE4/MSHTML events. Note that this is the relative order of event firing. Not all IE4/MSHTML events are fired in all circumstances, but data binding events are fired consistently with the specification above.

1	onbeforeupdate

2	onafterupdate

3	onchange

4	onrowexit

5	onblur

6	onfocus

7	onrowenter


Committing Data to the Data Source

As a general rule, data will be transferred to the data source as early as possible. This will generally be when the control loses its focus (i.e. when the cursor and/or selection leaves the element). Data transfer is dependent upon successful validation of the edited data - successful execution of the onbeforeupdate event. On to the details.


Data Transfer

As stated above, the IE4/MSHTML binding agent will transfer data from an editable element (see Data Consumers for more info) when the element loses the focus. This will generally occur when the user presses the TAB key moving the focus to the next element in the tab order. If a onbeforeupdate event has been specified for the element, then the event must complete successfully prior to the data being committed. The following table describes the state of the data in the element and data provider during phases of the transition.

State	Value in Element	Value in Provider
before editing, no changes	value	value
some edits, focus still on element	changed value	value
in onbeforeupdate event - pending focus leaving element	changed value	value
in onafterupdate event - implies onbeforeupdate successful	changed value	changed value
Note also that the IE4/MSHTML supported data providers, ADC and STD source controls, will support obtaining the original values for the data - that is, the values transmitted from the remote source - prior to the data source control receiving a request to commit the client-side cached changes to the data source. IE4/MSHTML will support access to these values through the data object model.


Changes to Values using Script

When a bound HTML element has its value changed through script and the value is propagated to the data source immediately. The exception to this rule is the read-only elements DIV, SPAN, IMG, MARQUEE.

Changes made through script using ADO will be reflected immediately to all HTML elements bound to the column changed. This includes the read-only elements, listed above.


Authoring HTML-Based Documents

This author's guide describes the construction of interactive HTML-based documents that can be viewed with Microsoft® Internet Explorer. The guide begins with a description of the elements necessary to create the basic HTML document. The sections that follow include topics for lists, tables, frames, objects, Microsoft ActiveX™ Controls, and so on.

Category 	Description

About HTML Standards 	Describes HTML standards and source specifications.

Basics 	Reviews construction of a basic HTML document.

Lists 	Reviews types of lists and their construction.

Character Formatting 	Shows character formatting and font control.

Color 	Gives a list of colors that can be referred to by name.

Images and Multimedia 	Describes how to include graphics, sound, video, and marquees.

Frames 	Lays out the basics of frame design.

Tables 	Describes building and formatting tables and table elements.

Cascading Style Sheets 	Illustrates the use of style sheets.

Image Maps 	Demonstrates how to an image with links to other Web pages.

Forms 	Details the construction of forms, and lists the form input controls.

Scripts 	Shows how to use VBScript and JScript scripts.

Objects 	Gives an overview of inserting OLE objects and ActiveX Controls.

Client Pull 	Describes pulling data from the server automatically.


About HTML Standards

HTML is the standard language for creating documents for the World Wide Web (WWW). Microsoft Internet Explorer provides a robust implementation of the HTML standards defined by the main Web organizing bodies and used by the most popular browsers—such as Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator. HTML for Internet Explorer 3.0 is consistent with published standards, and yet includes new, more powerful elements and controls to accommodate Web authors who are proactive in promoting additions and modifications to HTML. These authors want the most popular of those extensions to be part of the development language and the browser that they use.

Microsoft is fully committed to the HTML standards articulated by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the international Internet community.


Basics

An HTML document is a text file that contains the elements Internet Explorer uses to display text, multimedia objects, and hyperlinks. Using HTML, an author can format a document for display and create hyperlink jumps to other documents. Text that is formatted as a hyperlink can be selected by a user with the mouse. Once selected, the hyperlink jump will load the referenced document into your browser. A hyperlink and the object to which the link jumps can both be defined using HTML.

An element is the most basic part of HTML. An element consists of a start tag, an end tag, and the data characters enclosed by the two tags. A tag starts with a less-than (<) sign and ends with a greater-than (>) sign. An end tag consists of the tag name immediately preceded by a forward-slash (/). Some tags require you provide a matching end tag; others allow you to omit the end tag if the result is clear and unambiguous. For example, here is a sentence that will display in bold.

<B>This sentence displays in bold.</B>

This example is an HTML element. The start tag is <B>. The end tag is </B>. The data characters are "This sentence displays in bold." This element, when read by Internet Explorer, will turn on bold formatting, based on the start tag, and display the data characters in bold. The end tag switches off the bold formatting.

Many elements can be nested by placing an entire element inside the tags of another. For example, here is some italicized text placed inside a bold element.

<B>This sentence,<I>as written</I>, displays in bold.</B>

The <I>as written</I> element displays in both bold and italic because it is nested inside a bold element.

An element can have one or more attributes. An attribute is a parameter associated with an element that extends its meaning. Tags and attribute names are not case-sensitive, but they are typically written in uppercase to distinguish them from the data characters.

This is a very simple HTML document.

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">

<HTML>

<HEAD>

<TITLE>Simple HTML Document</TITLE>

</HEAD>

<BODY>

<P>A very simple HTML document.

</BODY>

</HTML>

Every HTML document begins with the !DOCTYPE element. !DOCTYPE specifies to the browser which version of HTML is being used.

The next element in this basic document is HTML, which informs the browser that the content of the file is written in HTML. The matching end tag (</HTML>) is the last tag in the file.

The HEAD tag marks the beginning of the document header. The document header describes the elements that apply for all sections of the current document and for any documents that contain content or are related to this document. Typically, the TITLE element appears in the header. Internet Explorer displays the text of the TITLE element in its title bar. A menu bar or image that is repeated for other documents may appear in the header section.

The BODY element appears at the start of the main content of the document. The BODY element encloses the body text, images, and multimedia objects. The P element inserts a new paragraph with a carriage return and line feed. The end tag, </P>, is typically omitted.

With HTML, you can create hyperlink jumps between your documents. A hyperlink is any text or image that, when clicked, loads another document or another section of the current document into the Internet Explorer window. The A element, or anchor, associates text or a graphic to another document or to a location within the current document. A hyperlink appears as a clickable "hot spot" (the clickable text or image). To create a hyperlink, you enclose the text or image with the anchor tags and set the HREF= attribute to the destination address, as in the following:

<P>Click <A HREF="http://www.microsoft.com/">here</A> to visit the

Microsoft Web site.

In this example, the address for the Web site is enclosed in double quotation marks. The double quotation marks are optional unless the attribute value contains spaces. If you enclose a value that contains double quotation marks, use &QUOT; for each occurrence of the mark within the value.

For example, you can create a hyperlink destination (anchor spot) within your HTML document by using the NAME= attribute. Use the A element to relate text or a graphic to a name that you create. Then reference the name with a hyperlink. In the following example, the first line creates the named reference. The second line in the example includes a hyperlink with a jump to that place in the document.

<A NAME="usingie30"></A><H2>Using Internet Explorer 3.0</H2>

...

<P>For more information, see <A HREF="#usingie30">Using Internet Explorer 3.0</A>

When you click the hyperlink "Using Internet Explorer", you jump to the named reference, usingie30.

Note  Although Internet Explorer can display incomplete or improperly tagged files, the result is often not what you may have intended. You should always use the tags carefully, using them only in the context in which they are defined to be used. Omit end tags only if they are defined as optional.

The typical HTML document consists of one or more text paragraphs organized into sections. You can mark the beginning of the sections in your HTML documents by using the header Hn element, where n is a number from 1 to 6 (1 creates the highest level heading and uses the largest font size). These elements create headings by applying changes to the size and style of the text to indicate the section level. The specific heading format can be controlled by using attributes or a style sheet; otherwise, it takes the default formatting. The following example creates a first-level section heading:

<H1>Welcome to Internet Explorer!</H1>

The Hn element allows for six levels. You specify the level by using the element name that includes that level number (H1, H2, H3, and so on). The end tag is always required.

By default, section headings are left-aligned. You can override the default alignment and center the heading by using the ALIGN= attribute, as in the following example:

<H2 ALIGN=CENTER>How to Use Internet Explorer</H2>

In addition to using the P element to create simple paragraphs, you can use elements, such as BLOCKQUOTE, LISTING, PLAINTEXT, PRE, and XMP, to create paragraphs that use a different size and style for the text. For example, you can use the PRE element to display characters in a fixed-width font rather than the variable-width font used for simple paragraphs; you can use the BLOCKQUOTE element to slightly indent the paragraph text (from both the left and right margins) to make the paragraph stand out.

You can apply a style to a sequence of paragraphs (for example, those tagged with P) by enclosing the paragraphs with an ADDRESS, BLOCKQUOTE, or CENTER element. The following example shows how to center a sequence of simple paragraphs.

<CENTER>

<P>This paragraph is centered.

<P>And this paragraph is centered too.

</CENTER>

An alternate way to center individual paragraphs is to use the ALIGN= attribute with the P element and set the attribute value to CENTER, as in the following example.

<P ALIGN=CENTER>This paragraph is centered.


Lists

You can create a variety of lists in your document by using the UL, OL, MENU, and DIR elements in conjunction with the LI element. You can also create definition lists that give you a simple two-column list for terms and their definitions.

For example, you can create a bulleted list, each item preceded by a bullet character, by using UL and LI, as in the following example.

<UL>

<LI>Bulleted Lists

<LI>Ordered Lists

<LI>Directory Lists

<LI>Itemized Lists

<LI>Definition Lists

</UL>

You use the OL and LI elements to create an ordered list. The ordered list consists of individual items that are sequentially numbered or lettered. To set the style of numbering or lettering, you use the TYPE= attribute in OL. Similarly, you use the START= attribute to set the initial number or letter. By default, the style is decimal numbers starting at 1.

<OL>

<LI>Step One.

<LI>Step Two.

<LI>Step Three.

</OL>

The DIR and LI elements create a directory list, consisting of individual items (none containing more than 20 characters) displayed in columns. The MENU and LI elements create an itemized list consisting of individual items.

A definition list formats terms at the left, with their definitions indented below. You use the DL element to create the list, the DT element to refer to the term, and the DD element to contain the term's definition. The following example shows how to use these elements to create a list.

<DL>

<DT>Cat

<DD>A small domesticated mammal.

<DT>Lizard

<DD>A reptile generally found in dry areas.

</DL>


Character Formatting

You can use a variety of elements to set the size and style of the text characters. For example, you can use the B or STRONG element to make text bold, and the I or EM element to make text italic. Similarly, you can use the S or STRIKE element to strike out text, and the U element to underline text. The following examples set words and phrases within the paragraphs to bold and italic.

<P>This <B>word</B> is formatted as bold. This <I>word</I> is formatted

as italic.

<P><STRONG>Text formatted as strong.</STRONG> <EM>Emphasized text.</EM>

You can apply character formatting to a sequence of paragraphs (for example, those tagged with P) by enclosing the paragraphs within a character formatting element. For example, to make all the text in a sequence of paragraphs bold, do the following:

<B>

<P>This text is bold.

<P>And this text is bold too.

</B>

Although you can use this technique with simple paragraphs, some elements block the effect of the character formatting elements. For example, you cannot make all the text in a table bold by enclosing it in a B element.

You can create superscripts and subscripts by using the SUP and SUB elements. These elements reduce the size of the text and align it at the top or bottom of the current line of text.

You can change the size of the text by using elements such as BIG and SMALL, or by using the SIZE= attribute with the FONT element. The following example increases the size of the word LARGE and reduces the size of the word TINY.

<P>Use the <BIG>LARGE</BIG> machine for business; use

the <SMALL>TINY</SMALL> machine for personal items.

If you use the FONT element to change text size, you can specify either a fixed or relative size. A fixed size can be a number in the range 1 through 7. A relative size is a positive or negative number, preceded by the plus (+) or minus (-) sign, that indicates a size that is relative to the base font size, as set using the BASEFONT element. The following example shows the effect of using relative sizes.

<BASEFONT SIZE=3> This sets the base font size to 3.

<FONT SIZE="+4"> Now the font size is 7.

<FONT SIZE="-1"> Now the font size is 2.

You can also use the FACE= attribute with the FONT element to set the name of the font used for text. Some of the most-used fonts are Arial, Times New Roman, and Courier New, but you can use the name of any font installed on the computer on which your HTML document is being viewed. The following example sets the Arial font for the text in the section heading.

<H1><FONT FACE="ARIAL">Welcome to Internet Explorer!</FONT></H1>

If the given font is not available, Internet Explorer uses a default font. To increase the chances that a font of your choice is applied to the text, you can specify more than one font in a FONT element. In this case, Internet Explorer checks for each font (in the order given) before using the default font. In the following example, Internet Explorer checks for Arial, Lucida Sans, and Times Roman before resorting to the default font.

<FONT FACE="Arial,Lucida Sans,Times Roman">

This text will be in Arial, Lucida Sans, Times Roman, or some other font,

depending on the fonts installed on your system.

</FONT>

You can apply size and font changes to a sequence of paragraphs by enclosing the paragraphs with the FONT element. As with other character formatting elements, some elements do not accept the effect of FONT, so this technique does not work for all paragraphs. For example, table elements accept changes to the font's name but size changes are not accepted.


Color

You can set colors in your HTML document by using the color attributes of the BODY, FONT, HR, MARQUEE, and TABLE elements. For example, you can set background color for your document by using the BGCOLOR= attribute with the BODY element as in the following example.

<BODY BGCOLOR=WHITE>

<P>This page has a white background.

</BODY>

You can specify colors in two ways—by using a color name (as in the preceding example), or by using numbers to denote a red-green-blue (RGB) color value.

Internet Explorer supports these color names.

Name	RGB Value	Name	RGB Value	Name	RGB Value
AQUA	#00FFFF	BLACK	#000000	BLUE	#0000FF
FUCHSIA	#FF00FF	GRAY	#808080	GREEN	#008000
LIME	#00FF00	MAROON	#800000	NAVY	#000080
OLIVE	#808000	PURPLE	#800080	RED	#FF0000
SILVER	#C0C0C0	TEAL	#008080	WHITE	#FFFFFF
YELLOW	#FFFF00
Note  This feature may not be compatible with other browsers.

A RGB color value consists of three two-digit hexadecimal numbers, with each number specifying the intensity of the corresponding color. For example, the color value #FF0000 is red because the red number is set to its highest value, FF (255 in the decimal, or base 10, system). Green and blue are set to zero. Similarly, #00FF00 is green and #0000FF is blue. The pound sign (#) is optional. In this example, a red horizontal rule is displayed by the following HTML code.

<HR COLOR="#00FF0000">

Although RGB color values theoretically allow for many thousands of colors, the actual number of colors available for your HTML document depends on the color capabilities of the devices the document will be viewed on. Many personal computers can display only 16 colors due to the type of video display adapter they use. Always choose colors carefully and, whenever possible, test your color choices on a variety of computers.


Images and Multimedia

You can embed images, sounds, and even video clips in your HTML document by using the IMG and BGSOUND elements. And you can apply simple animation to text by using the MARQUEE element.

You use the IMG element to insert images into your document. You specify the image source, typically a .bmp, .gif, or .jpg file, and attributes, such as the width and height, alignment, and so on. The following example demonstrates how to display a .gif file, theearth.gif.

<IMG SRC="art/theearth.gif" WIDTH="46" HEIGHT="46" ALT="Picture of the Earth">

The SRC= attribute specifies the name of the image file. The file will be sized in a square 46 pixels wide by 46 pixels high. The ALT= attribute specifies the text that will be displayed in place of the image in a text-only browser. Here the text "Picture of the Earth" will display in place of the image.

When you place an IMG element in text, Internet Explorer aligns the surrounding text with the bottom of the image. You can align the text with the top or center of the image by using the ALIGN= attribute to set the alignment to TOP, BOTTOM, or CENTER.

In this case, the image keeps its position within the surrounding text.

You can also use the ALIGN= attribute to have the text flow around the image. For example, setting this attribute to LEFT aligns the image with the left margin and wraps all subsequent text around the right side of the image. Similarly, setting it to RIGHT wraps all subsequent text around the left side. When you use the LEFT or RIGHT alignment, typically it is useful to also use the BR element with the CLEAR= attribute to stop wrapping and force all remaining text below the image, as in the following example.

<IMG SRC="theearth.gif" ALIGN=LEFT> Here's some text to the right of a picture.

<BR CLEAR=LEFT>Here's some text beneath the picture.

You can make an image a hyperlink hot spot by anchoring the IMG element to a reference with the A element. By default, Internet Explorer draws a border around the image to mark it as a hot spot. To remove the border, set the BORDER= attribute in the IMG element to zero.

You can add background sounds or music to your document by using the BGSOUND element. You specify the address of a sound file, such as a .wav, .au, or MIDI file, and use the LOOP= attribute to set how often the file plays, as in the following example.

<BGSOUND SRC="boing.wav" LOOP=5>You will hear a sound played five times

in a row.

You can animate a line of text by using the MARQUEE element. The element automatically scrolls the text, to the left or right, whenever a user views your document. To animate the text, enclose it in the element and set attributes for scroll direction, type, and amount, as in the following example.

<MARQUEE DIRECTION=RIGHT BEHAVIOR=SCROLL SCROLLAMOUNT=10

SCROLLDELAY=200>This text is displaying in a right scrolling marquee.</MARQUEE>

In this example, the text "This text is displaying in a right scrolling marquee." scrolls from the left margin to the right. After it disappears beyond the right margin, it starts again at the left. The text moves 10 pixels after each 200 millisecond delay.

You can align marquees to the left or right, like images, and also set the background color, height, width, and extra spacing around the marquee.


Frames

Frames give you a way to organize and structure the content of your HTML documents by letting you create compound documents that the user can view within the main window of Internet Explorer. You can use frames in two ways. You can create a document that uses the FRAMESET and FRAME elements to divide the main window into rectangular frames (like panes in a window). Then, for each frame, you specify an HTML document that contains the content (text and images) to fill the frame. Alternately, you can use the IFRAME element to insert a floating frame into a document in the same manner in which you insert images. You can specify the size of the floating frame and its border, and you can align it with other text and images on the page.

Using FRAMESET and FRAME, you can split the main window into two equal frames and fill these with different documents as shown in the following example.

<HTML>

<HEAD>

<TITLE>Two Equal Frames</TITLE>

</HEAD>

<FRAMESET COLS="50%,*">

<FRAME SRC=x.htm>

<FRAME SRC=y.htm>

</FRAMESET>

</HTML>

In this example, the COLS= attribute in the FRAMESET element specifies the width of the frames. The width of the first frame is 50 percent of the main window, and the width of the second, given as an asterisk, is relative to the first (meaning it spans whatever is left of the main window). Note that this document does not contain a BODY element. This is because documents that define frames do not contain content. Instead, the SRC= attribute in each FRAME element specifies a document. In this example, the x.htm and y.htm files are content sources for the frames.

You can divide the main window into rows, as well as columns, by using the ROWS= attribute. Furthermore, you can independently divide individual rows into rows and columns by nesting FRAMESET elements. The following example shows how to divide the main window into two rows in which the last row is divided into two columns.

<HTML>

<HEAD>

<TITLE>Nested Frames</TITLE>

</HEAD>

<FRAMESET ROWS="10%,*">

<FRAME SCROLLING=NO SRC=z.htm>

<FRAMESET COLS="50%,*">

<FRAME SRC=x.htm>

<FRAME SRC=y.htm>

</FRAMESET>

</FRAMESET>

</HTML>

In this example, the SCROLLING= attribute is used in the first FRAME element to prevent the scroll bar from being displayed. By default, Internet Explorer displays the scroll bar only if the entire content of the frame does not fit within the frame. Setting SCROLLING= to NO always prevents the scroll bar from being displayed.

The FRAME element has attributes to let you set the width and height of margins within the frame, and whether the frame has a border. The FRAMESET element has attributes to let you set the spacing between frames, and whether the frames in the set have borders.

An important feature of the FRAME element is the NAME= attribute. This attribute lets you assign a unique name to the frame; you then use this name when creating hyperlinks to direct documents into the frame. To create such a hyperlink, use the TARGET= attribute in the A element. For example, the following element creates a hyperlink that displays the x.htm file in a frame named CONTENT.

<A HREF="x.htm" TARGET="CONTENT">List of Components</A>

Internet Explorer provides an alternate way to create compound documents by letting you place frames in your HTML document using the IFRAME element. This floating frame allows you to insert HTML documents into your document. This means you can use the ALIGN= attribute just as you do with IMG to align the frame with the surrounding text. The following example aligns a frame at the left margin and wraps subsequent text around the right side of the frame.

<IFRAME SRC="xx.htm" ALIGN=LEFT>

</IFRAME> Here's some text to the right of a frame.

<BR CLEAR=LEFT>Here's some text beneath the frame.

The IFRAME element might not be supported by all browsers. For browsers that support the FRAME element within the body of an HTML document, you can provide an alternative presentation by using a FRAME element within the IFRAME tags.

<IFRAME SRC="xx.htm" ALIGN=LEFT><FRAME SRC="xx.htm">

</IFRAME>

Alternately, you can include an A element within the IFRAME tags to link to the corresponding document.

<IFRAME SRC="xx.htm" ALIGN=LEFT>

<A HREF="xx.htm">Click to view the document</A>

</IFRAME>


Tables

Use the TABLE element to format a table. The TR element (table row) inserts a row in the table, and the TD element (table detail) inserts a cell within a row. With Internet Explorer 3.0 as the browser, images or text can be placed within the cells. This example shows the HTML elements for a simple table.

<TABLE>

<TR>

<TD>Apples<TD>Celery

<TR>

<TD>Oranges<TD>Carrots

</TABLE>

By default, Internet Explorer aligns the table to the left. The width of the table, unless specified, is determined by the content of the longest element in each column. The content of each cell is aligned to the center and to the left edge of the cell, but you can override these defaults. For example, you can set the width of the table by using the WIDTH= attribute in the TABLE element. You can align the content of each cell to the top, left, right, or bottom of a cell by using the ALIGN= and VALIGN= attributes in TR or TD.

The following example creates a table that is the full width of the Internet Explorer window. The content of each cell is aligned to the top and to the left edges of the cell.

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR VALIGN=TOP ALIGN=LEFT>

<TD>Apples<TD>Celery

<TR VALIGN=TOP ALIGN=LEFT>

<TD>Oranges<TD>Carrots

</TABLE>

In this example, the table width is given as a percentage of the total Internet Explorer window width. But you can also specify table widths in pixels.

You can add a caption, row and column headings, and a border to a table by using elements and attributes. For example, you can add a caption to a table by using the CAPTION element. By default, the caption is centered above the table, but you can use the ALIGN= attribute to place the caption at the top or bottom and at the left or right edge of the table.

To add headings to the rows and columns of a table, use the TH element. This element is like the TD element in that it creates a cell that can contain text and images, but it automatically emphasizes the text to distinguish it from text in other cells. To draw a border around the table and the individual cells, you use the BORDER= attribute in the TABLE element. Specify the border width in pixels. The following example creates a table with headings, border, and a caption.

<TABLE BORDER=5>

<CAPTION>Fruits and Vegetables</CAPTION>

<TR>

<TH>Fruits<TH>Vegetables

<TR>

<TD>Apples<TD>Celery

<TR>

<TD>Oranges<TD>Carrots

</TABLE>

By default, Internet Explorer centers headings in the cell, but you can override this by using the ALIGN= and VALIGN= attributes.

You can add color to your table by using the BGCOLOR= and BORDERCOLOR= attributes. These attributes are available in the TABLE, TR, and TD elements, so you can apply colors to all cells in a table, to cells in selected rows, or to individual cells. The BGCOLOR= attribute sets the color used to fill the background of the cell before text and images are drawn. The BORDERCOLOR= attribute sets the color of the borders drawn around the table, row, or cell. The following example uses the same background color for the column headings, but different colors for the two columns in the table.

<TABLE BORDERCOLOR=NAVY BORDER=5>

<CAPTION>Fruits and Vegetables</CAPTION>

<TR BGCOLOR=GRAY>

<TH>Fruits<TH>Vegetables

<TR>

<TD BGCOLOR=LIME>Apples<TD BGCOLOR=AQUA>Celery

<TR>

<TD BGCOLOR=LIME>Oranges<TD BGCOLOR=AQUA>Carrots

</TABLE>

You can change the character formatting for the text in a table by using elements such as B, I, and FONT. You can change the color and font name for all text in a table by enclosing the table in an appropriate FONT element, but the table elements block the effect of other character formatting elements. To get these effects, you must apply the elements within each cell.

Within a cell, you can use most of the elements that you ordinarily use in the body of the HTML document, including elements for section headings, lists, and even other tables. Using tables in this way can give you additional control over the placement of text and images when your document is displayed, but can also make the management of your document more complex. For example, you can use tables to give your document a two-column layout by nesting a single-column table in each cell of a two-column table. But if you do this, you must take special care to divide the content of your document equally between the two nested tables and be prepared to account for differences in the size of the window through which users view your document. In most cases, documents that use tables in this way are designed to be viewed within a minimum window size at a given screen resolution.

If you use tables in the more traditional way (that is, presenting information in rows and columns), there are some additional elements and attributes that can make that job easier. The THEAD, TBODY, and TFOOT elements let you divide your tables into parts: header, body, and footer. The COLGROUP and COL elements let you group columns within the table and globally apply properties, such as alignment, to the columns without having to specify these properties in each TD element.

The FRAME= and RULES= attributes in the TABLE element let you control how the table border is drawn. For example, you can choose to have no border around the outside of the table, while restricting the border inside the table to vertical rules that separate the columns and horizontal rules that separate the table header, body, and footer. The COLSPAN= and ROWSPAN= attributes in the TD and TH elements let you extend the content of a cell into adjoining cells. This is useful, for example, if you need to stretch a column heading across more than one column.

The following example shows how some of these elements and attributes can be used in a table.

<TABLE WIDTH="50%" BORDER=1 FRAME=BOX RULES=GROUPS>

<COLGROUP ALIGN=CENTER>

<COLGROUP ALIGN=CENTER>

<THEAD>

<TR>

<TH COLSPAN=2>Fruits and Vegetables

<TBODY>

<TR>

<TD>Apples<TD>Celery

<TR>

<TD>Oranges<TD>Carrots

</TABLE>

Internet Explorer supports advanced table functionality, including displaying background images behind table cells, specifying rules or borders just along columns or along rows, and aligning text to the baseline within a table cell.


Cascading Style Sheets

Cascading style sheets give you the ability to set style properties for HTML elements, giving you greater control over margins, fonts, colors, and text and image placement in your documents.

There are two ways to place style information inside a document. The simplest way is to assign a style to an element by using the STYLE= attribute. For example, here's how to specify a paragraph with a font size of 20 points.

<P STYLE="font-size: 20pt"> This paragraph is in 20-point text.

As Hemingway once said, "It is a great thing to be able to specify

point sizes, especially large ones."</P>

In the example above, the STYLE= attribute sets the font-size property for text in the the P element to a value of 20 points.

Although the STYLE= attribute is useful, it can be quite difficult to apply style information in this way to elements in a large document or large set of documents. A better way is to create a style sheet for the document by placing the style information in a STYLE block, placed in the head of the document after the HTML element and before the BODY element. The following example shows a simple style sheet.

<HTML>

<HEAD>

<STYLE>

<!--

BODY {background: white; color: black}

H1 {font: 14pt Arial }

P {font: 10pt Arial; text-indent: 0.5in}

-->

</STYLE>

</HEAD>

<BODY>

<H1>This is a headline! In 14-point Arial!</H1>

<P>This is a body text! In 10-point Arial and a 1/2 inch indent!</P>

</BODY>

</HTML>

This example has three entries in the style sheet, associating style information with three HTML elements: BODY, H1, and P. The style information, enclosed in braces ({ }), assigns values to style properties. Note that semicolons (;) separate properties when more than one is given. This style information is applied to all corresponding elements in the body of the document when the document is displayed.

You can also attach an external style sheet to a document or documents on a site. To link a page to this style sheet, use the LINK element, as in the following example (where mystyles.css is the external style sheet).

<LINK REL=STYLESHEET TYPE="text/css" HREF="http://www.mycompany.com/mystyles.css">

Notice the use of the TYPE= attribute:"text/css" is the required MIME type for external file containing style sheets.

For complete information about style properties and style sheets, see Cascading Style Sheets for IE 3.0.


Image Maps

Image maps allow users to access other documents by clicking different areas in an image. You can implement image maps in two ways: By storing image map information on a server or by including image map information in your document.

If you store image map information on a server, you need a script or other service on the server to process click information. In your document, you mark the image as a server-side image map by using the ISMAP= attribute in the IMG element and enclosing the image in an A element, as in the following example.

<A HREF="Jump.map"><IMG SRC="Sample.gif" ISMAP></A>

In this example, the image map information is in the file named Jump.map. When the user clicks the picture in Sample.gif, the server receives the coordinates of the click and can pick the appropriate destination for the click by checking the information in Jump.map.

If you include image map information in your document, Internet Explorer processes the click information and picks the appropriate destination for the click. In your document, you mark the image as a client-side image map by using the USEMAP= attribute in the IMG element, and you add image map information by using the MAP and AREA elements, as in the following example.

<MAP NAME="map1">

<AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="0, 0, 16, 16" HREF="Sample1.htm">

<AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="0, 16, 16, 16" HREF="Sample2.htm">

</MAP>

<IMG BORDER=0 SRC="map1.gif" USEMAP="#map1">

In this example, the image map defines two equal rectangular areas. The area on the left is linked to Sample1.htm. The area on the right is linked to Sample2.htm.

The AREA element allows you to define other shapes, such as circles and polygons. If two or more shapes overlap, Internet Explorer uses the first shape defined in the MAP element to determine the destination. Any number of AREA elements can specify the same destination. This is useful if you want to map a complex shape to a single destination. If a portion of the image is not within a given shape, clicking in that portion has no effect.


Forms

Forms provide a way to prompt the user for information and to carry out actions based on that input. A form consists of one or more input controls that allows the user to enter text and select choices. Once the user provides the input, the form collects the data and sends it to a destination specified in the FORM element. To carry out the requested action, the server must have a script or other service that corresponds to the given destination. This script processes the information and can perform actions necessary to interpret the data.

To create a form, use the FORM element to enclose one or more INPUT elements. The FORM element specifies the action to take when the user has provided the information. The INPUT elements define the type and function of the input controls in the form. The following example shows how to combine these elements to create a form.

<FORM ACTION="http://intranet/survey" METHOD=POST>

<P>Name

<BR>

<INPUT NAME="CONTROL1" TYPE=TEXTBOX VALUE="Your Name">

<P>Password

<BR>

<INPUT TYPE="PASSWORD" NAME="CONTROL2">

<P>Color

<BR>

<INPUT TYPE="RADIO" NAME="CONTROL3" VALUE="0" CHECKED>Red

<INPUT TYPE="RADIO" NAME="CONTROL3" VALUE="1">Green

<INPUT TYPE="RADIO" NAME="CONTROL3" VALUE="2">Blue

<P>Comments

<BR>

<INPUT TYPE="TEXTAREA" NAME="CONTROL4" SIZE="20,5" MAXLENGTH="250">

<P><INPUT NAME="CONTROL5" TYPE=CHECKBOX CHECKED>Send receipt

<P><INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT" VALUE="OK"><INPUT TYPE="RESET" VALUE="Reset">

</FORM>


Scripts

Scripts are blocks of code that run when an HTML page is loaded or when an event occurs, such as a click on a link or button. You can use scripts in your HTML documents to display special effects and to carry out actions or display information based on input from the user or other sources, such as ActiveX controls and Java applets. Scripts give you a way to customize the content and function of your HTML documents for individual users or situations.

To use a script, you choose a script language and add script statements to one or more SCRIPT elements. Two popular script languages are VBScript, based on Visual Basic, and JScript, compatible with Netscape's JavaScript. The following example shows a very simple script in VBScript that repeats the line "Hello, Webmaster!" in different font sizes at the top of the document.

<HTML>

<HEAD>

</HEAD>

<BODY>

<SCRIPT language="VBScript">

for n1=1 to 4

document.write("<FONT SIZE=" & (n1-1)*2 & ">")

document.writeln("Hello, Webmaster!</FONT><BR>")

next

</SCRIPT>

<P>Welcome to our home page.</P>

</BODY>

</HTML>

You can put the SCRIPT element anywhere in your document, but the placement of the script determines where its output appears. For example, placing a script at the end of the document body causes its output to appear at the end of the document. If you have more than one script in a document, the browser executes each script in the order encountered as the browser loads the document.

In any script, the script language defines what statements you can use and what operations you can apply to variables and strings. In the previous example, the for and next statements are valid VBScript statements, and the & operator is the string concatenation operator for VBScript. To carry out this same effect using JScript, you need to use JScript's for statement and the + operator.

<SCRIPT language="JavaScript">

for (z=1; z<=4; z++) {

document.write("<FONT SIZE=" + (z-1)*2 + ">")

document.writeln("Hello, Webmaster!</FONT><BR>")

}

</SCRIPT>

Note that both the VBScript and JScript examples use document.write and document.writeLn to generate output. These are calls to the Internet Explorer's document object, an internally-defined object that gives access to the current HTML document. Although Internet Explorer objects are not part of the VBScript or JScript language, scripts can use these objects to generate output, retrieve information, and carry out other useful tasks.

You can create HTML documents that interact with the user by adding scripts that respond to events. The simplest way to do this is to combine script with an element that supports an event. For example, you can create a button that jumps to another document by using the INPUT element, as in the following:

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="VBSCRIPT">

sub ToMS

  window.navigate("http://www.microsoft.com/")

end sub

</SCRIPT>

<FORM>

  <INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Microsoft" onClick="ToMS">

</FORM>

In this example, the onClick= attribute of the INPUT element specifies a VBScript subroutine, named ToMS. The subroutine, defined in the scipt immediately preceding the element, is called by the browser when the user clicks the button. The subroutine uses the navigate method of Internet Explorer's Window object to replace the current document with the home page of the Microsoft site.

An alternate way to create the button shown in the previous example is to place the subroutine statements in the onClick= attribute rather than in a separate script.

<FORM>

  <INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Microsoft" onClick='window.navigate("http://www.microsoft.com/")'>

</FORM>

In this example, the call to the navigate method is made from within the attribute. Just as in the previous example, this call is made when the user clicks the button. The browser assumes that the statements in the onClick= attribute are in the same script language as the closest preceding SCRIPT element (even if that element is empty). If there is no preceding element, the browser assumes that the script language is JScript.

The FORM and A elements also support events. You can use the same techiques as shown for INPUT to carry out actions when events related to FORM and A occur. Note that the FORM and A elements carry out their specified actions as well as generating an event. For example, if you supply the onClick= attribute with the A element, the browser executes the given script, then jumps to the document specified by the HREF= attribute.

You can override the action of an A element by using script in the HREF= attribute rather than a URL. In this case, you specify the script language by preceding the script with "javascript:" or "vbscript:". For example, the following element uses JScript to display a message rather than jump to a new document.

<A HREF='javascript:alert("This link is not available.")'>

Future Considerations</A>

In this example, the alert method, belonging to Internet Explorer's Window object, displays a message box containing the given string whenever the user clicks on or uses the link.

Although you can create a more compact document by incorporating script statements within an HREF= or event attribute (such as onClick=), it is usually more difficult to maintain and can sometimes lead to complications. For example, notice that single quotation marks (') enclose the attribute value in the previous example. This is required to prevent a conflict with the double quotation marks (") used to enclose the string in the call to the alert method. But this also means that you cannot use the single quotation mark within the script statement. In general, you may want to restrict the script in these attributes to a single statement or a single call to a function or subroutine defined in a SCRIPT element elsewhere in the document.

To learn more about scripts and Internet Explorer's object model, see Scripting Object Model for IE 3.0. To learn more about VBScript and JScript, see http://www.microsoft.com/vbscript and http://www.microsoft.com/jscript, respectively.


Objects

Internet Explorer supports objects according to the WWW Consortium (W3C) object model extension to HTML 3.2. Objects add functionality to your HTML document by letting you insert images, video, and programs, such as Java applets and ActiveX controls.

To insert an object, you use the OBJECT element, supplying attribute values that specify the object type, location, initial data, and so on. If the object has configurable properties, you can set these using the PARAM element. The following example shows how to insert the marquee ActiveX Control and fill it with content.

<OBJECT

ALIGN=CENTER CLASSID="clsid:1a4da620-6217-11cf-be62-0080c72edd2d"

WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200 BORDER=1 HSPACE=5

NAME=marquee>

<PARAM NAME="ScrollStyleX" VALUE="Circular">

<PARAM NAME="ScrollStyleY" VALUE="Circular">

<PARAM NAME="szURL" VALUE="marqcont.htm">

<PARAM NAME="ScrollDelay" VALUE=60>

<PARAM NAME="LoopsX" VALUE=-1>

<PARAM NAME="LoopsY" VALUE=-1>

<PARAM NAME="ScrollPixelsX" VALUE=0>

<PARAM NAME="ScrollPixelsY" VALUE=-3>

<PARAM NAME="DrawImmediately" VALUE=0>

<PARAM NAME="Whitespace" VALUE=0>

<PARAM NAME="PageFlippingOn" VALUE=0>

<PARAM NAME="Zoom" VALUE=100>

<PARAM NAME="WidthOfPage" VALUE=400>

</OBJECT>

In this example, the OBJECT element specifies the class identifier of the control (assumed to be already installed and registered) and the alignment, width, height, and other attributes of the control. The series of PARAM elements sets the values for the individual properties of the control, determining how and when the contents are scrolled. The szURL property determines which HTML document is used as content.

A matching end tag is required for each OBJECT element. Within these elements you can place one or more PARAM elements. You can also place any elements and text that you would ordinarily use in the body of the HTML document, but these elements and text are not processed and displayed unless the HTML viewer does not process the OBJECT element.

Many objects provide their own support to allow the user to interact with them. But you can also add object interaction to your documents by using script to receive and set an object's properties. The following example shows how to prompt for and set the vertical scolling rate for the object shown in the previous example.

<script>

function ChangeDir() {

  var s;

  s=marquee.ScrollPixelsY;

  s=prompt("Enter a new positive or negative number:", s);

  marquee.ScrollPixelsY=s;

}

</script>

<form>

<input type=button value="Change" onClick="ChangeDir()">

</form>

In this example, the browser runs the ChangeDir function when the user clicks the Change button. The function retrieves the current value of the ScrollPixelsY property, prompts for a new value by using the prompt method (which belongs to Internet Explorer's Window object) then sets the ScrollPixelsY property to the new value. Note that, in this example, marquee is the name supplied in the NAME= attribute in the OBJECT element. This uniquely identifies the object and is one convenient way to access the properties of the object.

In addition to accessing an object's properties, you can also use script to call the object's methods and respond to the object's events, if any. For example, clicking the following button causes the browser to call the AboutBox method of the marquee object given in the previous example.

<form>

<input type=button value="AboutBox" onClick="marquee.AboutBox()">

</form>

Again, in this example marquee is the name given in the NAME= attribute of the OBJECT element.

To respond to an event generated by an object, you supply a function having the same name as the event but prepended with the name or identifier of the object. For example, the marquee object given in the previous example generates the OnLMouseClick event when the user clicks the left mouse button in the object. You can respond to this event by using the following script.

<script>

function marquee_OnLMouseClick() {

  alert("The user has clicked the object.");

}

</script>

Because the number and purpose of properties, methods, and events provided by a given object depend on that object, you should always read the documentation provided with the object to learn about its features and how to access them.

Although you can also use the APPLET and EMBED elements to include objects in your documents, they are provided for compatibility with other browsers. Browsers that comply with the accepted W3C HTML standard support the OBJECT element, so it is always best to use the OBJECT element. If you anticipate that your documents may be viewed by browsers that do not comply, but do support APPLET or EMBED, you can include one of these elements within the OBJECT element as in the following example.

<OBJECT ID="ActiveMovie1" WIDTH=100 HEIGHT=250

 CLASSID="CLSID:05589FA1-C356-11CE-BF01-00AA0055595A">

  <PARAM NAME="_ExtentX" VALUE="5630">

  <PARAM NAME="_ExtentY" VALUE="1545">

  <PARAM NAME=SRC VALUE="..\art\theearth.avi">

  <PARAM NAME=AUTOSTART VALUE=TRUE>

  <PARAM NAME=PLAYBACK VALUE=FALSE>

  <EMBED SRC="TheEarth.AVI" WIDTH=100 HEIGHT=250 AUTOSTART=TRUE >

  </OBJECT>

Browsers that comply ignore the EMBED element and use the OBJECT and related PARAM elements only. Browsers that do not comply ignore the OBJECT and PARAM elements and use the EMBED element.


Client Pull

Client pull allows you to automatically load a new document within a specified time or reload a document on a regular basis. Internet Explorer supports client pull using the META element. The META element must be inside the HEAD element of the HTML document.

For instance, META HTTP-EQUIV=REFRESH CONTENT=2 reloads a document every two seconds. Setting the HTTP-EQUIV= attribute to REFRESH gives the instruction to reload. The CONTENT= attribute specifies the time, in seconds, that the page refreshes. You can specify any URL in the element. If no URL is specified, the current document is reloaded.

The META element also has several other functions, such as specifying keywords for Web search engines to use for indexing. Read more about META in the HTML Reference, and see the following section, HTML Character Sets (Charsets).


HTML Element Reference

Element 	Description

!-- 	Comments. Any text between tags will not display in the browser.

!DOCTYPE 	Describes the HTML version used in the current document.

A 	Stands for anchor. Attributes create hyperlinks and named references.

ADDRESS 	Specifies a mailing address.

APPLET 	Embeds a Java applet. See OBJECT.

AREA 	Specifies the shape of a "hot spot" in a client-side image map.

B 	Changes text to bold. See STRONG.

BASE 	Specifies a document's URL.

BASEFONT 	Sets the base font value.

BGSOUND 	Adds background sounds that play on initial load.

BIG 	Enlarges the font size.

BLOCKQUOTE 	Sets apart a quotation in text.

BODY 	Specifies the beginning and the end of the document body. See HEAD.

BR 	Inserts a line break.

CAPTION 	Specifies a caption for a table. Valid only within the TABLE element.

CENTER 	Centers text and images.

CITE 	Indicates a citation. Used to present a book, paper, or other published source material.

CODE 	Presents a code sample.

COL 	Sets the properties of a column.

COLGROUP 	Sets the properties of one or more columns as a group.

COMMENT 	Indicates a comment. Text in a comment element does not display in a browser.

DD 	Specifies definition data. Used to format the text for a definition. See DL, DT.

DFN 	Specifies a definition. Formats a defined term.

DIR 	Denotes a directory list.

DIV 	Sets a document division. Groups related elements together within a document.

DL 	Denotes a definition list. Used for a list of defined terms. See DT, DD.

DT 	Specifies a definition term. Used to format the defined term. See DL, DD.

EM 	Emphasizes text, usually by rendering text in italic.

EMBED 	Embeds an object in the document.

FONT 	Formats the font style, size, and color.

FORM 	Denotes a form with which users enter data. See INPUT for a list of form elements.

FRAME 	Defines independent windows, or frames, within a page. See FRAMESET.

FRAMESET 	Defines layout for frames within a page. See FRAME.

Hn 	Renders text in heading style, usually with a larger font than the body text. The n is a value from 1 to 6.

HEAD 	Marks the HTML document heading.

HR 	Draws a horizontal rule. Used to separate sections.

HTML 	Denotes the file is an HTML document.

I 	Renders text in italic. See FONT.

IMG 	Inserts a graphic file.

INPUT 	Specifies a form control such as a check box or radio button. See FORM.

ISINDEX 	Indicates the presence of an index.

KBD 	Indicates text to be entered at a keyboard. Appears in fixed-width and bold type.

LI 	Denotes an item in a list. Adds special character or number depending on use. See UL, OL.

LINK 	Establishes the relationship between documents. Appears only in the HEAD element.

LISTING 	Renders text in fixed-width type.

MAP 	Specifies a collection of hot spots for a client-side image map.

MARQUEE 	Displays text in a scrolling marquee.

MENU 	Denotes a list of items.

META 	Provides information about the document. Used for client pull, also by some search engines for indexing. Describes the character set to be used.

NOBR 	Turns off line breaking.

NOFRAMES 	Indicates content viewable only by browsers that do not support frames.

OBJECT 	Inserts an OLE Control.

OL 	Specifies an ordered list. Each item has a number or letter reference. See UL, LI.

OPTION 	Denotes one choice in a list box.

P 	Inserts a paragraph break and denotes a new paragraph.

PARAM 	Sets object properties.

PLAINTEXT 	Renders text in fixed-width type without processing elements.

PRE 	Displays text exactly as typed—with all line breaks and spacing.

S 	Renders text in strikethrough type.

SAMP 	Specifies sample text. See CODE.

SCRIPT 	Specifies the inclusion of a script.

SELECT 	Denotes a list box or drop-down list.

SMALL 	Decreases the font size.

SPAN 	Applies style information to the enclosed text.

STRIKE 	Renders text in strikethrough type. See S.

STRONG 	Emphasizes text, usually with bold. See B.

STYLE 	Allows authors to include rendering information using a specified style notation.

SUB 	Renders text in subscript.

SUP 	Renders text in superscript.

TABLE 	Creates a table. See TH, TR, and TD to learn how to define rows and columns.

TBODY 	Defines the table body.

TD 	Creates a cell in a table.

TEXTAREA 	Creates a box in which a user can enter and edit text.

TFOOT 	Defines the table footer.

TH 	Creates a row or column heading in a table.

THEAD 	Defines the table header.

TITLE 	Specifies a document title. Appears in the browser title bar.

TR 	Creates a row in a table.

TT 	Denotes teletype. Displays text in fixed-width type. See FONT.

U 	Renders text underlined.

UL 	Formats lines of text as a bulleted list. See LI.

VAR 	Indicates placeholder text for a variable. Displays text in a small, fixed-width font.

WBR 	Inserts a soft line break in a block of NOBR text.

XMP 	Indicates example text. Displays text in fixed-width font.


!--

<!-- .. -->

Specifies that enclosed text is an author's comment. Text may be multi-line. Any text between the tags will not appear in an HTML browser. You can include lines of text between the start tag and end tag.

Example

<!--This line of text, enclosed in an HTML page, will not display.

  This second line of text will not display either.-->


!DOCTYPE

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC string>

Specifies the version of HTML used in the document. !DOCTYPE is the first element in any HTML document. !DOCTYPE is a required element for any HTML 3.2-compliant document.

Example

A document written using only HTML 2.0 elements should include this document type statement.

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">

A document written using elements from the HTML 3.2 DTD should include this document type statement.

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">


A

<A
CLASS=type
HREF=reference
ID=value
NAME=name
onClick=function
onMouseOver=function
REL=SAME|NEXT|PARENT|PREVIOUS
REV=value
STYLE=css1-properties
TARGET=window
TITLE=title
>
...
</A>

Stands for anchor and creates hyperlinks and named references. The end tag is required.

CLASS=type

Indicates the class to which the element belongs.

HREF=reference

Specifies either a destination address or a destination file. A destination address must be in URL format. A destination file must name a file and be in the format of the given file system. If no path or domain name is specified, the file is searched for in the same location as the current document.

ID=value

Specifies a unique value for the element throughout the document.

NAME=name

Specifies a named reference within an HTML document.

onClick=function

Activates a script when the onClick event occurs.

onMouseOver=function

Activates a script when the onMouseOver event occurs.

REL=SAME|NEXT|PARENT|PREVIOUS

Defines the relationship of a link. The default is SAME.

SAME 	The author of the linked document is the same as the current document.

NEXT 	The link is the next page in a sequence.

PARENT 	The current page is the parent of a destination document.

PREVIOUS 	The link is to the previous document.

REV=value

Specifies the reverse link.

STYLE=css1-properties

Specifies style information.

TARGET=window

Specifies the targeted window to load the link into. This attribute can be used with a frameset where a frame has been named in the FRAME element. The window can be one of these values.

window 	Specifies to load the link into the targeted window. The window must begin with an alphanumeric character to be valid, except for the following four target windows.

_blank 	Load the link into a new blank window. This window is not named.

_parent 	Load the link into the immediate parent of the document the link is in.

_self 	Load the link into the same window the link was clicked in.

_top 	Load the link into the full body of the window.

TITLE=title

Specifies the title that appears when the hyperlink is selected.

The properties of elements that can follow A are applied to the data characters or elements in the container. The anchor element is used to link text or other elements using the HREF= attribute. The anchor element is used to specify text or graphics as a named reference, to which hyperlinks can link, using the NAME= attribute. Anchors cannot be nested.

Example

<A HREF="http://www.microsoft.com">This is a link to Microsoft.</A>

<A HREF="home.htm">This is a link to a file called home.htm in the same

directory as this page.</A>

<A TARGET="viewer" HREF="sample.htm">Click here to load the link into

"viewer" window.</A>


ADDRESS

<ADDRESS>
...
</ADDRESS>

Specifies the mailing address. This element typically is used at the bottom of a document. Text is displayed in italic. The end tag is required.

Example

<ADDRESS>This text will be in italic.</ADDRESS>


APPLET

<APPLET
ALIGN=LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT|TOP|MIDDLE|BOTTOM
ALT=text
CODE=appletFile
CODEBASE=url
DOWNLOAD=n
HEIGHT=pixels
HSPACE=pixels
NAME=appletInstanceName
TITLE=text
VSPACE=pixels
WIDTH=pixels
>
...
</APPLET>

Embeds a Java applet in an HTML document. The end tag is required.

ALIGN=LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT|TOP|MIDDLE|BOTTOM

Describes the alignment of an object to text. The default is LEFT.

LEFT 	The applet is aligned to the left of surrounding text.

CENTER 	The applet is aligned to the center of surrounding text.

RIGHT 	The applet is aligned to the right of surrounding text.

TOP 	The applet is aligned to the top of surrounding text.

MIDDLE 	The applet is aligned to the middle of surrounding text.

BOTTOM 	The applet is aligned to the bottom of surrounding text.

ALT=text

Specifies alternate text for text-only browsers or browsers that do not support Java.

CODE=appletFile

Specifies the name of the Java applet.

CODEBASE=url

Specifies the base URL (that is, the directory in which the applet is located).

DOWNLOAD=n

Specifies the image download order.

HEIGHT=pixels

Specifies the initial height of the applet display area.

HSPACE=pixels

Specifies the horizontal space in which the applet displays.

NAME=appletInstanceName

Identifies an applet to other applets within the HTML page.

TITLE=text

Specifies an advisory title string.

VSPACE=pixels

Specifies the space in pixels above the applet.

WIDTH=pixels

Specifies the initial width of the applet display area.

The CODEBASE attribute defines a location for applet resources. The value of CODEBASE can be an absolute or a relative URL. The absolute URL is used as is without modification and is not effected by the document's BASE element. When the CODEBASE attribute is relative, then it is relative to the document URL (or BASE element if defined).

Use the PARAM element within the APPLET element to pass parameters from the HTML page to the applet. Parameter names and values are applet-specific. Check the applet documentation to determine what parameters are available.

Example

<APPLET CODEBASE="applets/javaapps"

  CODE=JavaDemo.class

  WIDTH=200

  HEIGHT=100>

<PARAM NAME=text value="This is a Java applet.">

<IMG SRC=logo.gif ALT="Upgrade to Internet Explorer to view this Java

applet.">

</APPLET>

In this example, the IMG element is given inside the APPLET tag to provide a visual placeholder when the document is viewed using a browser that does not support Java applets.


AREA

<AREA
ALT=text
CLASS=type
COORDS=coords
HREF=url
ID=value
NOHREF
SHAPE=shape-type
STYLE=css1-properties
TARGET=window
>

Specifies the shape of a hot spot in a client-side image map. Use AREA elements within the MAP element.

ALT=text

Specifies the alternative display for text-only browsers.

CLASS=type

Indicates the class to which the element belongs.

COORDS=coords

Specifies coordinates that define the hot spot's shape.

HREF=url

Specifies the destination of the hot spot.

ID=value

Specifies a unique value for the element throughout the document.

NOHREF

Indicates that clicks in this region should cause no action.

SHAPE=shape-type

Denotes the type of shape. The shape-type can be one of these values.

RECT 	Rectangle. Takes four coordinates: x1, y1, x2, and y2. This is the default.

RECTANGLE 	Rectangle. Takes four coordinates: x1, y1, x2, and y2.

CIRC 	Circle. Takes three coordinates: centerx, centery, and radius.

CIRCLE 	Circle. Takes three coordinates: centerx, centery, and radius.

POLY 	Polygon. Takes three or more pairs of coordinates denoting a polygonal region.

POLYGON 	Polygon. Takes three or more pairs of coordinates denoting a polygonal region.

STYLE=css1-properties

Specifies style information.

TARGET=window

Specifies to load the link into the targeted window. The window can be one of these values.

window 	Specifies to load the link into the targeted window. The window must begin with an alphanumeric character to be valid, except for the following four target windows.

_blank 	Load the link into a new blank window. This window is not named.

_parent 	Load the link into the immediate parent of the document the link is in.

_self 	Load the link into the same window the link was clicked in.

_top 	Load the link into the full body of the window.

Examples

<AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="0, 0, 58, 31" HREF="http://www.microsoft.com/ie/">

<AREA TARGET="viewer" HREF="sample.htm" SHAPE="CIRCLE" COORDS="73, 15, 10">

<AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="58, 0, 88, 31" NOHREF>


B

<B>
...
</B>

Renders text in bold. The end tag turns off the bold formatting.

Example

<B>Displayed in a bold typeface.</B>


BASE

<BASE
HREF=url
TARGET=window
>

Specifies the document's URL.

HREF=url

Specifies the document's full URL in case the document gets read out of context and the reader wants to refer to the original.

TARGET=window

Specifies to load all the links on the page into the targeted window. This can be overridden by specifying a different target attribute for a specific link. The window can be one of these values.

window 	Specifies to load the link into the targeted window. The window must begin with an alphanumeric character to be valid, except for the following four target windows.

_blank 	Load the link into a new blank window. This window is not named.

_parent 	Load the link into the immediate parent of the document the link is in.

_self 	Load the link into the same window the link was clicked in.

_top 	Load the link into the full body of the window.

Examples

<BASE HREF="http://www.sample.com/hello.htm">

<BASE HREF="http://www.sample.com/hello.htm" TARGET="viewer">


BASEFONT

<BASEFONT
COLOR=color
NAME=name
SIZE=n
>

Sets the base font value. This value will be used as a default for any text not formatted with a style sheet or using the FONT element.

COLOR=color

Specifies the color of the base font.

NAME=name

Specifies the name of the base font.

SIZE=n

Specifies the size of the base font. The n can be between 1 and 7 inclusive; default is 3; 7 is largest. Throughout the document, relative font size settings (for example, <FONT SIZE=+3>) are relative to this value.

Example

<BASEFONT SIZE=3> This sets the base font size to 3.

<FONT SIZE=+4> Now the font size is 7.

<FONT SIZE=-1> Now the font size is 2.


BGSOUND

<BGSOUND
LOOP=n
SRC=url
>

Adds background sounds or soundtracks to a page. Sounds can either be samples (.wav or .au format) or MIDI format.

LOOP=n

Specifies how many times a sound will loop when activated. If n is set to -1 or INFINITE, the sound will loop indefinitely.

SRC=url

Specifies the address of a sound to be played.


BIG

<BIG>
...
</BIG>

Makes text one size larger. The end tag is required.

Example

<BIG>This text is larger.</BIG>


BLOCKQUOTE

<BLOCKQUOTE>
...
</BLOCKQUOTE>

Indents both left and right margins. Used to set apart quotations in text. The end tag is required.

Example

<P>He said,

<BLOCKQUOTE>"Hi there!"</BLOCKQUOTE>


BODY

<BODY
ALINK=color
BACKGROUND=url
BGCOLOR=color
BGPROPERTIES=FIXED
CLASS=type
ID=value
LEFTMARGIN=n
LINK=color
STYLE=css1-properties
TEXT=color
TOPMARGIN=n
VLINK=color
>
...
</BODY>

Specifies the beginning and end of the document body. This element also allows you to set the background image, the background color, the link colors, and the top and left margins of the page. The end tag is required.

ALINK=color

Specifies the color of the active hyperlink.

BACKGROUND=url

Specifies a background image. The image is tiled behind the text and graphics on the page.

BGCOLOR=color

Sets the background color of the page. The color can be either a hexadecimal, RGB color value or a predefined color name. See Color.

BGPROPERTIES=FIXED

Specifies a "watermark," which is a background picture that does not scroll. The background image remains fixed behind any scrolling foreground information.

CLASS=type

Indicates the class to which the element belongs.

ID=value

Specifies a unique value for the element throughout the document.

LEFTMARGIN=n

Specifies the left margin for the entire body of the page and overrides the default margin. If set to zero, the left margin will be exactly on the left edge.

LINK=color

Sets the color of hyperlinks that have not yet been visited. The color can be either a hexadecimal, RGB color value or a predefined color name. See Color.

STYLE=css1-properties

Specifies style information.

TEXT=color

Sets the color of text on the page. The color can be either a hexadecimal, RGB color value or a predefined color name. See Color.

TOPMARGIN=n

Specifies the margin for the top of the page and overrides the default margin. If set to zero, the top margin will be on the precise top edge.

VLINK=color

Sets the color of hyperlinks that have already been visited. The color can be either a hexadecimal, RGB color value or a predefined color name. See Color.

Examples

This is the HTML used to insert the background image of this page.

<BODY BACKGROUND="/ie/images/watermrk.gif" BGPROPERTIES=FIXED

BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF TEXT=#000000 LINK=#ff6600 VLINK=#330099>

<HTML><BODY>Here's a Web page!</BODY></HTML>


BR

<BR
CLASS=type
CLEAR=NONE|LEFT|RIGHT|ALL
>

Inserts a line break.

CLASS=type

Indicates the class to which the element belongs.

CLEAR=NONE|LEFT|RIGHT|ALL

Controls the display of text below or beside an image. The default is NONE.

NONE 	The next text in the document appears immediately after the image.

LEFT 	The next text in the document is displayed below the image at the next full left margin.

RIGHT 	The next text in the document is displayed below the image at the next full right margin.

ALL 	The next text in the document is displayed below the image at the next full left and right margins.


CAPTION

<CAPTION
ALIGN=CENTER|LEFT|RIGHT
VALIGN=TOP|BOTTOM
>
...
</CAPTION>

Specifies a caption for a table. This element is valid only within the TABLE element. The end tag is required.

ALIGN=CENTER|LEFT|RIGHT

Sets the alignment of the caption to the table. The default is CENTER.

CENTER 	The caption is centered above the margins of the table.

LEFT 	The caption is aligned to the left side of the table.

RIGHT 	The caption is aligned to the right side of the table.

VALIGN=TOP|BOTTOM

Sets the vertical alignment of the table caption. The default is TOP.

TOP 	The caption is at the top of the table.

BOTTOM 	The caption is at the bottom of the table.

Example

<TABLE>

<CAPTION VALIGN=BOTTOM>

This caption will appear below the table.

</CAPTION>

<TR>

....

</TR>

</TABLE>


CENTER

<CENTER>
...
</CENTER>

Centers text and images. The required end tag returns the alignment to its previous state.

Example

<CENTER>This text appears centered on the page.</CENTER>


CITE

<CITE>
...
</CITE>

Indicates a citation. Refers to a book, paper, or other published source material. The end tag is required.

Example

<CITE>Book Title.</CITE>


CODE

<CODE>
...
</CODE>

Specifies a code sample. Renders text in a small font. The end tag is required.

By default, the font used is fixed-width. If a font face is specified in a FONT or BASEFONT element preceding CODE, that font is used instead.

Example

<CODE>Here is some text in a small, fixed-width font.</CODE>


COL

<COL
ALIGN=LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT
SPAN=n
>

Sets the properties of one or more columns. Use this element in conjunction with a COLGROUP element to set the properties of a column within a group of columns.

ALIGN=CENTER|LEFT|RIGHT

Specifies the text alignment in cells within the column. The default is CENTER.

CENTER 	Text is aligned with the center of cells in the column.

LEFT 	Text is aligned to the left of cells in the column.

RIGHT 	Text is aligned to the right of cells in the column.

SPAN=n

Sets the number of consecutive columns for which the properties are set.

This element is valid only within a table. The end tag is not required and is not recommended.

The properties specified by the COL element always override the properties specified by the preceding COLGROUP element.

Example

<TABLE>

<COLGROUP>

<COL ALIGN=RIGHT>

<COL ALIGN=LEFT>

<COLGROUP>

<COL ALIGN=CENTER>

<TBODY>

<TR>

<TD>This is the first column in the group and is right-aligned.</TD>

<TD>This is the second column in the group and is left-aligned.</TD>

<TD>This column is in a new group and is centered.</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>


COLGROUP

<COLGROUP
ALIGN=CENTER|LEFT|RIGHT
SPAN=n
VALIGN=MIDDLE|TOP|BOTTOM
WIDTH=n
>

Sets the properties of one or more columns.

ALIGN=CENTER|LEFT|RIGHT

Specifies the horizontal alignment of text in the cells for the column group specified in the element. The default is CENTER.

CENTER 	Text is aligned in the center of cells in the column.

LEFT 	Text is aligned to the left of cells in the column.

RIGHT 	Text is aligned to the right of cells in the column.

SPAN=n

Sets the number of consecutive columns that are in the group and for which the properties are set.

VALIGN=MIDDLE|TOP|BOTTOM

Specifies the vertical alignment of text within the cells specified in the columns. The default is MIDDLE.

MIDDLE 	Text is aligned in the middle of cells specified in the column group.

TOP 	Text is aligned to the top of cells specified in the column group.

BOTTOM 	Text is aligned to the bottom of cells specified in the column group.

WIDTH=n

Indicates the width of the columns in the column group.

This element is valid only within a table. The end tag is not required and is not recommended.

If the columns in a group of columns require varying properties, use COLGROUP in conjunction with one or more COL elements to individually set the properties for the columns.

This element affects how rules are drawn within a table when groups are specified with the RULES= attribute in the TABLE element. In this case, vertical rules are drawn between column groups rather than between individual columns.

Example

<TABLE>

<COLGROUP ALIGN=RIGHT>

<COLGROUP SPAN=2 ALIGN=LEFT>

<TBODY>

<TR>

<TD>This column is in the first group and is right-aligned.</TD>

<TD>This column is in the second group and is left-aligned.</TD>

<TD>This column is in the second group and is left-aligned.</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>


COMMENT

<COMMENT>
...
</COMMENT>

Indicates a comment. The text between the elements is ignored, unless it contains HTML code.

This element is provided for backward compatibility. In your own documents, use <!-- --> for comments instead.

Example

<COMMENT>This won't be printed.</COMMENT>


DD

<DD
CLASS=type
ID=value
STYLE=css1-properties
>

Indicates that the following text is a definition of a term, and therefore should be displayed in the right-hand column of a definition list.

CLASS=type

Indicates the class to which the element belongs.

ID=value

Specifies a unique value for the element throughout the document.

STYLE=css1-properties

Specifies style information.

Example

<DL><DT>Cat<DD>A small domesticated mammal.

<DT>Lizard<DD>A reptile generally found in dry areas.</DL>


DFN

<DFN>
...
</DFN>

Specifies a definition. Formats a term for its first appearance in a document. The end tag is required.

Example

<DFN>HTML stands for hypertext markup language.</DFN>


DIR

<DIR
COMPACT
>
</DIR>

Specifies that the following text is a directory list that consists of individual items, each beginning with an LI element and none containing more than 20 characters, that should be displayed in columns. The end tag is required.

COMPACT

Speficies a compact list style. The entries in the list appear closer together.

Example

<DIR><LI>Art

<LI>History

<LI>Literature

<LI>Sports

<LI>Entertainment

<LI>Science

</DIR>


DIV

<DIV
ALIGN=LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT
CLASS=type
ID=value
LANG=iso
STYLE=css1-properties
>
...
</DIV>

Represents different kinds of containers, for example, chapter, section, abstract, or appendix. The end tag is required.

ALIGN=LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT

Specifies the default horizontal alignment for the contents of this element. This is needed for compatibility with deployed browsers and can be overridden by style sheets. The default is LEFT.

LEFT 	Text is aligned to the left.

CENTER 	Text is centered.

RIGHT 	Text is aligned to the right.

CLASS=type

Indicates the class to which the element belongs.

ID=value

Specifies a unique value for the element throughout the document.

LANG=iso

Indicates the ISO standard language. Enter the standard abbreviation to indicate the language of the element.

STYLE=css1-properties

Specifies style information.

Example

<DIV>

This text represents a section.

</DIV>

<DIV ALIGN=CENTER>

This text represents another section, and its text is centered.

</DIV>


DL

<DL
CLASS=type
COMPACT
ID=value
STYLE=css1-properties
>
...
</DL>

Specifies that the following block is a definition list, an automatically formatted list with terms on the left and their definitions indented below. The end tag is required.

See DT (directory term) and DD (directory definition) for a description of elements that appear within a directory list.

CLASS=type

Indicates the class to which the element belongs.

COMPACT

Specifies a compact list style. The entries in the list appear closer together.

ID=value

Specifies a unique value for the element throughout the document.

STYLE=css1-properties

Specifies style information.

Example

<DL>

<DT>Cat

<DD> A small domesticated mammal.

<DT>Lizard

<DD>A reptile generally found in dry areas.

</DL>


DT

<DT>

Specifies a term in a definition list. Indicates that the text is a term to be defined, and should therefore be displayed in the left-hand column of a definition list.

Example

<DL>

<DT>Cat

<DD> A small domesticated mammal.

<DT>Lizard

<DD>A reptile generally found in dry areas.

</DL>


EM

<EM>
...
</EM>

Emphasizes text, usually by rendering it in italic. The end tag is required.

Example

<EM>This text will be in italics.</EM>


EMBED

<EMBED
HEIGHT=n
NAME=text
PALETTE=#rgb|#rgb
SRC=url
WIDTH=n
[param=value]
>
...
</EMBED>

Indicates an embedded object. The OBJECT element is the preferred element for inserting objects, but EMBED is included for backward compatibility with earlier HTML documents. The end tag is required.

HEIGHT=n

Specifies the height, in pixels, of the object on the page.

NAME=text

Indicates the name used by other objects or elements to refer to this object.

PALETTE=#rgb|#rgb

Sets the color palette to the foreground or background color. The first RGB value specifies the foreground color. The second RGB value specifies the background color. For example, PALETTE=#aa0000|#001100 sets the foreground color to red and the background color to green.

SRC=url

Specifies the name of any source data input to the object.

WIDTH=n

Specifies the width of the object, in pixels, on the page.

param=value

Specifies an optional parameter and its corresponding value. The parameter and possible values are object-specific.

Example

<EMBED SRC=&quot;MyMovie.AVI&quot; WIDTH=100 HEIGHT=250 AUTOSTART="TRUE"

PLAYBACK="FALSE">

In this example, the AUTOSTART and PLAYBACK attibutes are object-specific parameters.


FONT

<FONT
COLOR=color
FACE=name
ID=value
SIZE=n
STYLE=css1-properties
>
...
</FONT>

Sets the size, font, and color of text.

COLOR=color

Sets font color. The color can be either a hexadecimal, RGB color value or a predefined color name. See Color.

FACE="name [,name2[,name3]]"

Sets the font. A list of font names can be specified. If the first font is available on the system, it will be used; otherwise, the second will be tried, and so on. If none are available, a default font will be used.

ID=value

Specifies a unique value for the element.

SIZE=n

Specifies font size between 1 and 7 (7 is largest). A plus or minus before the number indicates a size relative to the current BASEFONT setting. Relative font sizes are not cumulative, so putting two <FONT SIZE="+1"> elements in a row does not result in the font size being increased by 2.

STYLE=css1-properties

Specifies style information.


FORM

<FORM
ACTION=url
METHOD=GET|POST
NAME=text
onSubmit=event
TARGET=window
>
...
</FORM>

Denotes a form. The end tag is required.

ACTION=url

Specifies the address to be used to carry out the action of the form. If none is specified, the base URL of the document is used.

METHOD=GET|POST

Indicates how the form data should be sent to the server. The default is GET.

GET 	Appends the arguments to the action URL and opens it as if it were an anchor.

POST 	Sends the data via an HTTP post transaction.

NAME=text

Indicates the name used by other objects or elements to refer to this form.

onSubmit=event

References an event, possibly a script statement such as a VBScript functional call, when the form is sent to the server.

TARGET=window

Specifies to load the results of the form submission into the targeted window. The window can be one of these values.

window 	Specifies to load the link into the targeted window. The window must begin with an alphanumeric character to be valid, except for the following four target windows.

blank 	Load the link into a new blank window. This window is not named.

parent 	Load the link into the immediate parent of the document the link is in.

self 	Load the link into the same window the link was clicked in.

top 	Load the link into the full body of the window.

Use the INPUT element to add controls, such as buttons and text boxes, to the form.

Example

<FORM TARGET="viewer" ACTION="http://www.sample.com/bin/search">

...

</FORM>


FRAME

<FRAME
ALIGN=LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT|TOP|BOTTOM
FRAMEBORDER=1|0
MARGINHEIGHT=height
MARGINWIDTH=width
NAME=name
NORESIZE
SCROLLING=yes|no
SRC=address
>

Defines a single frame in a frameset. There is no matching end tag.

ALIGN=LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT|TOP|BOTTOM

Sets the alignment of the frame or of the surrounding text. The default is LEFT.

LEFT 	The frame is drawn as a left-flush floating frame, and text flows around it.

CENTER 	Surrounding text is aligned with the center of the frame.

RIGHT 	The frame is drawn as a right-flush floating frame, and text flows around it.

TOP 	Surrounding text is aligned with the top of the frame.

BOTTOM 	Surrounding text is aligned with the bottom of the frame.

FRAMEBORDER=1|0

Renders a 3-D edge border around the frame. 1 (default) inserts a border. 0 displays no border.

MARGINHEIGHT=height

Controls the margin height for the frame, in pixels.

MARGINWIDTH=width

Controls the margin width for the frame, in pixels.

NAME=name

Provides a target name for the frame.

NORESIZE

Prevents the user from resizing the frame.

SCROLLING=yes|no

Creates a scrolling frame.

SRC=address

Displays the source file for the frame.

Example

<FRAME FRAMEBORDER=0 SCROLLING=NO SRC="sample.htm">


FRAMESET

<FRAMESET
COLS=col-widths
FRAMEBORDER=1|0
FRAMESPACING=spacing
ROWS=row-heights
>
...
</FRAMESET>

Sets the number and size of vertical and horizontal frames for a compound document. Use the FRAME element within FRAMESET to define the content and properties of the individual frames. You can also nest FRAMESET elements to create frames within a frame.

The end tag is required.

COLS=col-widths

Creates a frame document with columns. You can specify the column dimensions by percentage (%), pixels, or a relative size (*).

FRAMEBORDER=1|0

Provides the option to display or not display a 3-D border for a frame. 1 (default) sets a frame border. 0 displays no border.

FRAMESPACING=spacing

Creates additional space between frames, in pixels.

ROWS=row-heights

Creates a frame document with rows. You can specify the row dimensions by percentage (%), pixels, or a relative size (*).

Use the NOFRAMES element within FRAMESET to enclose text to be displayed by browsers that do not support frames.

The FRAMEBORDER= and FRAMESPACING= attributes are inherited by a FRAME tag from any containing FRAMESET element. This means you need only set these attributes on the single, outermost FRAMESET tag to affect all FRAME tags on that page.

Example

<FRAMESET COLS="25%, 50%, *">

<FRAME SRC="contents.htm">

<FRAME SRC="info.htm">

<FRAME SCROLLING=NO SRC="graphic.htm">

</FRAMESET>


Hn

<Hn
ALIGN=LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT
>
...
</Hn>

Renders text in heading style. Use H1 through H6 to specify different sizes and styles of headings. The end tag is required and restores the formatting to normal.

n

Sets the heading level. This is an integer from 1 to 6.

ALIGN=LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT

Sets the alignment of heading text. The default is LEFT.

LEFT 	Text is aligned to the left.

CENTER 	Text is aligned to the center.

RIGHT 	Text is aligned to the right.

Example

<H1>Welcome to Internet Explorer!</H1>


HEAD

<HEAD>
...
</HEAD>

Marks the HTML document heading.

The end tag is required to denote closure for the document heading. Typically the BODY begin-tag appears after the HEAD end tag.

Example

<HEAD>

<TITLE>A Simple Document</TITLE>

</HEAD>


HR

<HR
ALIGN=LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT
CLASS=type
COLOR=color
ID=value
NOSHADE
SIZE=n
STYLE=css1-properties
WIDTH=n
>

Draws a horizontal rule.

ALIGN=CENTER|LEFT|RIGHT

Sets the alignment of the rule. The default is CENTER.

CENTER 	Rule is centered on the page.

LEFT 	Rule is aligned to the left of the page.

RIGHT 	Rule is aligned to the right of the page.

CLASS=type

Indicates the class to which the element belongs.

COLOR=color

Sets the color of the rule. The color can be either a hexadecimal, RGB color value or a predefined color name. See Color.

ID=value

Specifies a unique value for the element throughout the document.

NOSHADE

Draws the rule without 3-D shading.

SIZE=n

Sets the height of the rule, in pixels.

STYLE=css1-properties

Specifies style information.

WIDTH=n

Sets the width of the rule, either in pixels or as a percentage of window width. To specify a percentage, the n must end with the percent (%) sign.

Example

<HR SIZE=5 WIDTH=80% NOSHADE>


HTML

<HTML>
...
</HTML>

Denotes the file as an HTML document. The begin-tag typically appears after the !DOCTYPE element. The end tag comes after all HTML elements in the document.

This element has no attributes.

Example

<HTML>

<BODY>

<P>This is an HTML document.

</BODY>

</HTML>


I

<I>
...
</I>

Renders text in italic. The end tag turns off the italic formatting.

Example

<I>This text will be in italic.</I>


IFRAME

<IFRAME
ALIGN=LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT|TOP|MIDDLE|BOTTOM
BORDER=n
FRAMEBORDER=1|0
HEIGHT=height
MARGINHEIGHT=n
MARGINWIDTH=n
NAME=name
NORESIZE
SCROLLING=YES|NO|AUTO
SRC=address
WIDTH=width
>
</IFRAME>

Defines a floating frame. The end tag is required.

ALIGN=LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT|TOP|MIDDLE|BOTTOM

Sets the alignment of the frame or of the surrounding text. The default is LEFT.

LEFT 	The frame is drawn as a left-flush floating frame, and text flows around it.

CENTER 	Surrounding text is aligned with the center of the frame.

RIGHT 	The frame is drawn as a right-flush floating frame, and text flows around it.

TOP 	Surrounding text is aligned with the top of the frame.

MIDDLE 	Surrounding text is aligned to the middle of the frame.

BOTTOM 	Surrounding text is aligned with the bottom of the frame.

BORDER=n

Specifies the width and height, in pixels, of the gap between the frame and surrounding text. The default is 0.

FRAMEBORDER=1|0

Renders a 3-D edge border around the frame. 1 (default) inserts a border. 0 displays no border.

HEIGHT=height

Controls the height, in pixels, of the floating frame.

MARGINHEIGHT=height

Controls the margin height, in pixels, for the frame.

MARGINWIDTH=width

Controls the margin width, in pixels, for the frame.

NAME=name

Provides a target name for the frame.

NORESIZE

Prevents the user from resizing the frame.

SCROLLING=yes|no

Creates a scrolling frame.

SRC=address

Displays the source file for the frame.

WIDTH=width

Controls the width, in pixels, of the floating frame.

Example

<IFRAME FRAMEBORDER=0 SCROLLING=NO SRC="sample.htm"></IFRAME>


IMG

<IMG
ALIGN=TOP|MIDDLE|CENTER|BOTTOM|LEFT|RIGHT
ALT=text
BORDER=n
CLASS=type
CONTROLS
DYNSRC=url
HEIGHT=n
HSPACE=n
ID=value
ISMAP
LOOP=n
SRC=url
START=start-event
STYLE=css1-properties
TITLE=text
USEMAP=url
VRML=text
VSPACE=n
WIDTH=n
>

Inserts an image.

ALIGN=TOP|MIDDLE|CENTER|BOTTOM|LEFT|RIGHT

Sets the alignment of the image or of the surrounding text. The default is TOP.

TOP 	Surrounding text is aligned with the top of the image.

MIDDLE 	Surrounding text is aligned with the middle of the image.

CENTER 	Surrounding text is aligned with the center of the image.

BOTTOM 	Surrounding text is aligned with the bottom of the image.

LEFT 	The picture is drawn as a left-flush floating image, and text flows around it.

RIGHT 	The picture is drawn as a right-flush floating image, and text flows around it.

ALT=text

Specifies text that will be displayed in place of the picture if Show Pictures is turned off.

BORDER=n

Specifies the size of a border to be drawn around the image. If the image is a hyperlink, the border is drawn in the appropriate hyperlink color. If the image is not a hyperlink, the border is invisible.

CLASS=type

Indicates the class to which the element belongs.

CONTROLS

If a video clip is present, displays a set of controls under the clip.

DYNSRC=url

Specifies the address of a video clip or VRML world to be displayed in the window. Stands for Dynamic Source.

HEIGHT=n

Along with WIDTH=, specifies the size at which the picture is drawn. If the picture's actual dimensions differ from those specified, the picture is stretched to match what is specified. Internet Explorer also uses this to draw a placeholder of appropriate size for the picture before it is loaded.

HSPACE=n

Along with VSPACE=, specifies margins for the image. Similar to BORDER=, except the margins are not painted with color when the image is a hyperlink.

ID=value

Specifies a unique value for the element throughout the document.

ISMAP=

Use a server image map.

LOOP=n

Specifies how many times a video clip will loop when activated. If n=-1, or if LOOP=INFINITE is specified, it will loop indefinitely.

SRC=url

Specifies the address of the picture to insert.

START=start-event

Specifies when the file specified by the DYNSRC= attribute should start playing. The start-event can be one or both of the values below. (If both are set, they must be separated with a comma.)

FILEOPEN 	Start playing as soon as the file is done opening. This is the default.

MOUSEOVER 	Start playing when the user moves the mouse pointer over the animation.

STYLE=css1-properties

Specifies style information.

TITLE=text

Specifies an advisory title.

USEMAP=url

Identifies the picture as a client-side image map and specifies a MAP to use for acting on the user's clicks.

VRML=text

Specifies Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML) to be displayed.

VSPACE=n

Along with HSPACE=, specifies margins for the image. Similar to BORDER=, except the margins are not painted with color when the image is a hyperlink.

WIDTH=n

Along with HEIGHT=, specifies the size at which the picture is drawn. If the picture's actual dimensions differ from those specified, the picture is stretched to match what is specified. Internet Explorer also uses this to draw a placeholder of appropriate size for the picture before it is loaded.

Example

<IMG SRC=mygraphic.bmp>


INPUT

<INPUT
ALIGN=TOP|MIDDLE|BOTTOM|LEFT|RIGHT
CHECKED
CLASS=type
ID=value
MAXLENGTH=length
NAME=name
onBlur=event
onChange=event
onClick=event
onFocus=event
onSelect=event
SIZE=size
SRC=url
STYLE=css1-properties
TITLE=text
TYPE=type
VALUE=value
>

Specifies a form control.

ALIGN=TOP|MIDDLE|BOTTOM|LEFT|RIGHT

Aligns text to the form element. The default is TOP.

TOP 	Surrounding text is aligned to the top of the form element.

MIDDLE 	Surrounding text is aligned to the middle of the form element.

BOTTOM 	Surrounding text is aligned to the bottom of the form element.

LEFT 	Surrounding text is aligned to the left of the form element.

RIGHT 	Surrounding text is aligned to the right of the form element.

CHECKED

Sets a check box or radio button to selected when the form first loads. Applies only to radio buttons and check boxes.

CLASS=type

Indicates the class to which the element belongs.

ID=value

Specifies a unique value for the element throughout the document.

MAXLENGTH=length

Indicates the maximum number of characters that can be entered into a text control.

NAME=name

Specifies the name of the control.

onBlur=event

Specifies an event to occur when the element loses focus.

onChange=event

Specifies an event to occur when the value of the element is changed.

onClick=event

Specifies an event to occur when the mouse is clicked on the element.

onFocus=event

Specifies an event to occur when the cursor focus is on the element.

onSelect=event

Specifies an event to occur when the element is selected.

SIZE=size

Specifies the size of the control, in characters. For TEXTAREA-type controls, both width and height can be specified using this format: "width,height".

SRC=url

Specifies the address of the image to be used. Used when TYPE=IMAGE.

STYLE=css1-properties

Specifies style information.

TITLE=text

Specifies an advisory title.

TYPE=type

Specifies what type of control to use. The default is TEXT.

TEXT 	Used for a single-line text-entry field. Use in conjunction with the SIZE= and MAXLENGTH= attributes.

TEXTAREA 	Used for a multi-line text-entry field.

PASSWORD 	The same as the TEXT type, except that text is not displayed as the user enters it.

CHECKBOX 	The element appears as a check box.

RADIO 	Used for attributes that accept a single value from a set of alternatives. Each radio button field in the group should be given the same name. Only the selected radio button in the group generates a name/value pair in the submitted data. Radio buttons require an explicit VALUE= attribute.

SUBMIT 	A button that, when clicked, submits the form. You can use the VALUE= attribute to provide a non-editable label to be displayed on the button. The default label is application-specific. If a SUBMIT button is clicked to submit the form, and that button has a NAME= attribute specified, that button contributes a name/value pair to the submitted data. Otherwise, a SUBMIT button makes no contribution to the submitted data.

RESET 	A button that, when clicked, resets the form's fields to their specified initial values. The label to be displayed on the button can be specified just as for the SUBMIT button.

FILE 	Used to insert a file.

HIDDEN 	No field is presented to the user, but the content of the field is sent with the submitted form. This value can be used to transmit state information about client/server interaction.

IMAGE 	An image field that you can click, causing the form to be immediately submitted. The coordinates of the selected point are measured in pixel units from the upper-left corner of the image, and are returned (along with the other contents of the form) in two name/value pairs. The x-coordinate is submitted under the name of the field with .x appended, and the y-coordinate is submitted under the name of the field with .y appended. Any VALUE= attribute is ignored. The image itself is specified by the SRC= attribute, exactly as for the image element.

BUTTON 	The element appears as a button.

VALUE=value

Specifies the default value of textual/numerical controls or specifies the value to be returned when the Boolean controls are turned on.

Example

<FORM ACTION="http://intranet/survey" METHOD=POST>

<P>Name

<BR><INPUT NAME="CONTROL1" TYPE=TEXT VALUE="Your Name">

<P>Password

<BR><INPUT TYPE="PASSWORD" NAME="CONTROL2">

<P>Color

<BR><INPUT TYPE="RADIO" NAME="CONTROL3" VALUE="0" CHECKED>Red

<INPUT TYPE="RADIO" NAME="CONTROL3" VALUE="1">Green

<INPUT TYPE="RADIO" NAME="CONTROL3" VALUE="2">Blue

<P>Comments

<BR><INPUT TYPE="TEXTAREA" NAME="CONTROL4" SIZE="20,5" MAXLENGTH="250">

<P><INPUT NAME="CONTROL5" TYPE=CHECKBOX CHECKED>Send receipt

<P><INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT" VALUE="OK"><INPUT TYPE="RESET" VALUE="Reset">

</FORM>


ISINDEX

<ISINDEX
ACTION=url
PROMPT=prompt-text
>

Indicates the presence of a searchable index.

ACTION=url

Specifies the gateway program to which the string in the text box should be passed.

PROMPT=prompt-text

Specifies a prompt to be used instead of the default prompt.

If the PROMPT= attribute is not used, the element displays the message below. This message is followed by a text box.

"You can search this index. Type the keyword(s) you want to search for:"

When the user enters text and presses ENTER, that text is posted back to the page's URL as a query.

Example

<ISINDEX "http://intranet/search" PROMPT="Type keywords here.">


KBD

<KBD>
...
</KBD>

Indicates text to be entered at the keyboard. Renders text in fixed-width and bold type. The end tag is required.

Example

<KBD>The user should enter this text.</KBD>


LI

<LI
CLASS=type
ID=value
STYLE=css1-properties
TYPE=order-type
VALUE=n
>

Denotes one item of a list. Denotes a new list item in a DIR, MENU, OL, or UL block.

CLASS=type

Indicates the class to which the element belongs.

ID=value

Specifies a unique value for the element throughout the document.

STYLE=css1-properties

Specifies style information.

TYPE=order-type

Changes the style of an ordered list. The order-type can be one of these values.

A 	Use large letters.

a 	Use small letters.

I 	Use large Roman numerals.

i 	Use small Roman numerals.

1 	Use numbers.

VALUE=n

Changes the count of ordered lists as they progress.

Example

<DIR> <LI>Art

<LI>History

<LI>Literature

<LI>Sports

<LI>Entertainment

<LI>Science</DIR>


LINK

<LINK
HREF=url
REL=forward link type
REV=reverse link type
TITLE=title
TYPE=type
>

Establishes a relationship between documents and resources. The LINK element must reside within the HEAD element. Any number of elements can be given.

HREF=url

Specifies the URL that has a relationship to the current document.

REL=forward link type

Specifies the forward link type, that is, the type of document to which the link is being made. Link type "stylesheet" signifies that the associated LINK element specifies a link to a style sheet that may be applied to the HTML document containing the LINK element.

REV=reverse link type

Indicates that the document to which there is a link has a reverse link from the target back to the source document.

TITLE=title

Indicates an advisory title string. The character string supplied with this attribute is recommended for use in building a menu of alternative styles.

TYPE=type

Specifies the Internet media type and associated parameters for the linked style sheet. This allows the user agent to disregard style sheets in unsupported notations, without the need to first make a remote query across the network.

Use LINK to access a style sheet in a separate file. In this case, set REL= to "stylesheet" and provide the URL of the file containing the style sheet.

Example

<LINK REL=stylesheet HREF="styles.css" TYPE="text/css">


LISTING

<LISTING>
...
</LISTING>

Renders text in fixed-width type. The end tag is required.

Example

<LISTING>Here's some plain text.</LISTING>


MAP

<MAP
NAME=name
>
...
</MAP>

Specifies a collection of hot spots for a client-side image map. Use the AREA element within MAP to set the number and size of hot spots. The end tag is required.

NAME=name

Names a MAP so it can be referenced.

Example

<MAP NAME="map1">

<AREA HREF="info.htm" SHAPE=RECT COORDS="0,0,58,31">

<AREA HREF="install.htm" SHAPE=CIRCLE COORDS="73,15,10">

<AREA NOHREF SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="58, 0, 88, 31">

</MAP>

This example shows a client-side image map having two hot spots and an area that is not hot. These hot spots can be applied to an image by using the name "map1" with the USEMAP= attribute of the IMG element.


MARQUEE

<MARQUEE
ALIGN=LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT|TOP|BOTTOM
BEHAVIOR=type
BGCOLOR=color
DIRECTION=direction
HEIGHT=n
HSPACE=n
LOOP=n
SCROLLAMOUNT=n
SCROLLDELAY=n
VSPACE=n
WIDTH=n
>
...
</MARQUEE>

Creates a scrolling text marquee. The scrolling text appears in the container.

ALIGN=LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT|TOP|BOTTOM

Specifies how the surrounding text should align with the marquee. The default is LEFT.

LEFT 	Surrounding text aligns with the left of the marquee.

CENTER 	Surrounding text aligns with the center of the marquee.

RIGHT 	Surrounding text aligns with the right of the marquee.

TOP 	Surrounding text aligns with the top of the marquee.

BOTTOM 	Surrounding text aligns with the bottom of the marquee.

BEHAVIOR=type

Specifies how the text should behave. The type can be one of these values.

SCROLL 	Start completely off one side, scroll all the way across and completely off, and then start again. This is the default.

SLIDE 	Start completely off one side, scroll in, and stop as soon as the text touches the other margin.

ALTERNATE 	Bounce back and forth within the marquee.

BGCOLOR=color

Specifies a background color for the marquee. The color can be either a hexadecimal number (optionally preceded by a #) specifying a RGB color value, or a predefined color name as described in Color.

DIRECTION=direction

Specifies in which direction the text should scroll. The direction can be LEFT or RIGHT. The default is LEFT, which means scrolling from right to left.

HEIGHT=n

Specifies the height of the marquee, either in pixels or as a percentage of the screen height. To specify a percentage, the n must end with a percent sign (%).

HSPACE=n

Specifies left and right margins for the outside of the marquee, in pixels.

LOOP=n

Specifies how many times a marquee will loop when activated. If LOOP=-1, or if LOOP=INFINITE, the marquee will loop indefinitely.

SCROLLAMOUNT=n

Specifies the number of pixels between each successive draw of the marquee text.

SCROLLDELAY=n

Specifies the number of milliseconds between each successive draw of the marquee text.

VSPACE=n

Specifies top and bottom margins for the outside of the marquee, in pixels.

WIDTH=n

Sets the width of the marquee, either in pixels or as a percentage of the screen width. To specify a percentage, the n must end with a percent sign (%).

Example

<MARQUEE DIRECTION=RIGHT BEHAVIOR=SCROLL SCROLLAMOUNT=10 SCROLLDELAY=200>

This is a scrolling marquee.

</MARQUEE>


MENU

<MENU
COMPACT
>
...
</MENU>

Specifies that the following list of items contains individual items that begin with an LI element. The end tag is required.

COMPACT

Items in the list are displayed with more compact line spacing.

Example

<MENU>

<LI>This is the first item in the menu.

<LI>And this is the second item in the menu.

</MENU>


META

<META
CONTENT=description
HTTP-EQUIV=response
NAME=description
>

Provides information about an HTML document to browsers, search engines, and other applications.

CONTENT=description

Defines the meta-information content to be associated with the given name or HTTP response header.

HTTP-EQUIV=response

Binds the element to an HTTP response header. This information is then used based on the application reading the header.

NAME=description

Contains a description of the document.

The value of the CONTENT= attribute depends on the HTTP-EQUIV= attribute. The following lists some of these values.

HTTP-EQUIV 	CONTENT

REFRESH 	delay[;url]

The delay is the number of seconds that the browser waits before reloading a document. The optional url specifies the document to reload. If no url is given, the browser reloads the current document.

Content-Type 	text/html; CHARSET=character-set

The character-set specifies one of the character set aliases listed in HTML Character Sets (Charsets).

Examples

The following example sets the character set for the document.

<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type"

  CONTENT="text/html; CHARSET=Windows-1251">

The following example causes the browser to reload the document every two seconds.

<META HTTP-EQUIV="REFRESH" CONTENT=2>

The following example causes the browser to load the new document, http://www.sample.com/next.htm, after a five second delay.

<META HTTP-EQUIV="REFRESH" CONTENT="5; URL=http://www.sample.com/next.htm">

The following example causes the server to include the given content in the HTTP response to a GET or HEAD request for the document.

<META HTTP-EQUIV="Expires"

CONTENT="Tue, 04 Dec 1996 21:29:02 GMT">

<meta http-equiv="Keywords" CONTENT="HTML, Reference">

<META HTTP-EQUIV="Reply-to"

content="anybody@microsoft.com">

The HTTP response includes the following header fields.

Expires: Tue, 04 Dec 1996 21:29:02 GMT

Keywords: HTML, Reference

Reply-to: anybody@microsoft.com


NOBR

<NOBR>
...
</NOBR>

Turns off line breaking. Renders text without line breaks. The end tag is required.

Example

<NOBR>Here's a line of text I don't want to be broken . . . here's the end of the line.</NOBR>


NOFRAMES

<NOFRAMES>
...
</NOFRAMES>

Indicates content viewable only by browsers that do not support frames. Browsers that support frames will not display content between the beginning and ending NOFRAMES tags. You can create a page that is compatible with both browser types by using NOFRAMES.

Example

<FRAMESET>

<NOFRAMES>You need Internet Explorer 3.0 to view frames!</NOFRAMES>

</FRAMESET>


OBJECT

<OBJECT
ALIGN=LEFT|TEXTTOP|MIDDLE|TEXTMIDDLE|BASELINE|
TEXTBOTTOM|CENTER|RIGHT
BORDER=n
CLASSID=idnumber
CODEBASE=url
CODETYPE=codetype
DATA=url
DECLARE
HEIGHT=n
HSPACE=n
ISMAP
NAME=url
SHAPES
STANDBY=message
STYLE=style properties
TITLE=text
TYPE=MIME-type
USEMAP=url
VSPACE=n
WIDTH=n
>
...
</OBJECT>

Inserts an object, such as an image, document, applet, or control, into the HTML document. An object can contain any elements ordinarily used within the body of an HTML document, including section headings, paragraphs, lists, forms, and nested objects.

The end tag is required. Use the PARAM attribute to set object-specific parameters.

ALIGN=LEFT|TEXTTOP|MIDDLE|TEXTMIDDLE|BASELINE|TEXTBOTTOM|CENTER|RIGHT

Sets the alignment for text surrounding the object. The default is LEFT.

LEFT 	The object is drawn as a left-flush floating object, and text flows around it.

TEXTTOP 	Surrounding text is aligned with the top of the object.

MIDDLE 	The object is drawn as a middle-centered floating object, and text flows around it.

TEXTMIDDLE 	Surrounding text is aligned with the middle of the object.

BASELINE 	The object is drawn with its bottom aligned with the baseline of the continuous text.

TEXTBOTTOM 	Surrounding text is aligned with the bottom of the object.

CENTER 	Surrounding text is aligned with the center of the object.

RIGHT 	The object is drawn as a right-flush floating object, and text flows around it.

BORDER=n

Specifies the width or height of the gap between the object and surrounding text. The default is 0.

CLASSID=url

Identifies the object implementation. The syntax of the url depends on the object type. For example, the syntax is CLSID:class-identifier for registered ActiveX controls.

CODEBASE=url

Identifies the code base for the object. The syntax of the url depends on the object.

CODETYPE=codetype

Specifies the Internet media type for code.

DATA=url

Identifies data for the object. The syntax of the url depends on the object.

DECLARE

Declares the object without instantiating it. Use this when creating cross-references to the object later in the document or when using the object as a parameter in another object.

HEIGHT=n

Specifies the suggested height for the object.

HSPACE=n

Specifies the horizontal gutter. This is the extra, empty space between the object and any text or images to the left or right of the object.

ISMAP

Use a server side image map.

NAME=url

Sets the name of the object when submitted as part of a form.

SHAPES

Specifies that the object has shaped hyperlinks.

STYLE=style properties

Specifies the style properties for formatting the element.

STANDBY=message

Sets the message to show while loading the object.

TITLE=text

Sets an advisory title.

TYPE=MIME-type

Specifies the Internet media type for data.

USEMAP=url

Specifies the image map to use with the object.

VSPACE=n

Specifies the vertical gutter. This is the extra, empty space between the object and any text or images above or below the object.

WIDTH=n

Specifies the suggested width for the object.


OL

<OL
CLASS=type
COMPACT
ID=value
START=n
STYLE=css1-properties
TYPE=order-type
>
...
</OL>

Specifies that the following lines of text contain individual items that begin with an LI tag. These items are numbered.

The end tag is required.

CLASS=type

Indicates the class to which the element belongs.

COMPACT

Reduces the spacing between items in the list.

ID=value

Specifies a unique value for the element throughout the document.

START=n

Specifies a starting number for the list.

STYLE=css1-properties

Specifies style information.

TYPE=order-type

Changes the style of the list. The order-type can be one of these values.

A 	Use large letters.

a 	Use small letters.

I 	Use large Roman numerals.

i 	Use small Roman numerals.

1 	Use numbers.

Example

<OL>

<LI>This is the first item in the list.

<LI>And this is the second item in the list.

</OL>

<OL START=3>

<LI>This is item number 3.

</OL>

<OL TYPE=A>

<LI>This is item A.

</OL>


OPTION

<OPTION
SELECTED
VALUE=value
>

Denotes one choice in a list box. In a SELECT block, denotes one of the choices that will appear in the list.

SELECTED

Indicates that this item is the default. If not present, the first item becomes the default.

VALUE=value

Indicates the value that will return if this item is chosen.

Example

<SELECT NAME="Cars" SIZE="1">

<OPTION VALUE="1">BMW

<OPTION VALUE="2">PORSCHE

<OPTION VALUE="3" SELECTED>MERCEDES

</SELECT>


P

<P
ALIGN=LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT
CLASS=type
ID=value
STYLE=css1-properties
>

Inserts a paragraph break and denotes a paragraph. The end tag is optional.

ALIGN=LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT

Sets the alignment of the paragraph. The default is LEFT.

LEFT 	Text is aligned to the left margin of the page.

CENTER 	Text is centered on the page.

RIGHT 	Text is aligned to the right margin of the page.

CLASS=type

Indicates the class to which the element belongs.

ID=value

Specifies a unique value for the element throughout the document.

STYLE=css1-properties

Specifies style information.

Example

<P>This is a paragraph.</P>


PARAM

<PARAM
NAME=name
TYPE=MIME-type
VALUE=value
VALUETYPE=type
>

Sets property values for a given object. The end tag is optional.

NAME=name

Specifies the property name.

TYPE=type

Specifies the Internet media type.

VALUE=value

Specifies the property value. The value is passed to the object without change except that any character or numeric character entities are replaced with their corresponding character values.

VALUETYPE=type

Specifies how to interpret the value. The type can be one of these values.

DATA 	The value is data. This is the default value type.

REF 	The value is a URL.

OBJECT 	The value is a URL of an object in the same document.

This element is valid only within an OBJECT element.


PLAINTEXT

<PLAINTEXT>
...
</PLAINTEXT>

Renders text in fixed-width type without processing tags and disables HTML parsing until the browser encounters the </PLAINTEXT> tag. The required end tag restores the text to normal formatting.

Example

<PLAINTEXT>Here's a sample of HTML: <A HREF="sample.url">This is a

shortcut to a sample.</A></PLAINTEXT>


PRE

<PRE>
...
</PRE>

Renders text in fixed-width type. The required end tag restores the text to normal formatting.

Example

<PRE>Here's some plain text.</PRE>


S

<S>
...
</S>

Renders text in strikethrough type. The required end tag restores the formatting to normal.

Example

<S>This text has a line through it.</S>


SAMP

<SAMP>
...
</SAMP>

Specifies sample text and renders it in a small font. The required end tag restores the text formatting to normal.

By default, the font used is fixed-width. If a font face is specified in a FONT or BASEFONT element preceding SAMP, that font is used instead.

Example

<SAMP>Here is some text in a small fixed-width font.</SAMP>


SCRIPT

<SCRIPT
LANGUAGE=scripting-language
>
...
</SCRIPT>

Specifies the inclusion of a script such as VBScript or JScript. The script statements must be contained within the element. The end tag is required.

LANGUAGE=scripting-language

Indicates the ActiveX Scripting language in which the enclosed script was written. Examples of an ActiveX Scripting language are VBScript and JScript. For the LANGUAGE= attribute, it must always be written as JavaScript to be functional.

Authors often enclose the scripts in the SCRIPT element within the comment tag (<!-- ... -->). This prevents browsers which do not recognize the element from displaying the scripts as plain text in the browser.

Example

<SCRIPT language="VBScript">

' a simple script

alert("A simple script");

</SCRIPT>


SELECT

<SELECT
MULTIPLE
NAME=name
SIZE=n
>
...
</SELECT>

Denotes a list box or drop-down list. The end tag encloses any OPTION elements that may appear within the SELECT element.

MULTIPLE

Specifies that more than one item at a time can be selected from the list.

NAME=name

Specifies a name for the list box or drop-down list.

SIZE=n

Specifies the height of the list control.

Example

<SELECT NAME="Cars" SIZE="1">

<OPTION VALUE="1">BMW

<OPTION VALUE="2">PORSCHE

<OPTION VALUE="3" SELECTED>MERCEDES

</SELECT>


SMALL

<SMALL>
...
</SMALL>

Reduces text by one size. Size is relative to the normal text size and is typically defined by the browser. The end tag is required.

Example

<SMALL>This text is smaller.</SMALL>


SPAN

<SPAN
CLASS=type
ID=value
STYLE=css1-properties
>
...
</SPAN>

Applies style information to text and other HTML elements within a document. Use SPAN with the STYLE= attribute to apply formatting to text. The end tag is required.

CLASS=type

Indicates the class to which the element belongs.

ID=value

Specifies a unique value for the element throughout the document.

STYLE=css1-properties

Specifies style information.

Example

<P>This paragraph contains a single <SPAN STYLE="color: blue">blue</SPAN> word.


STRIKE

<STRIKE>
...
</STRIKE>

Renders text in strikethrough type. The required end tag returns formatting to normal.

Example

<STRIKE>This text has a line through it.</STRIKE>


STRONG

<STRONG>
...
</STRONG>

Emphasizes the text. Usually displays the text in bold. The required end tag returns formatting to normal.

Example

<STRONG>This text will be bold.</STRONG>


STYLE

<STYLE>
...
</STYLE>

Allows authors to include style information such as defined by the Cascading Style Sheets specification. Information in the STYLE element overrides client defaults and linked style sheets. The end tag is required.

For a full description of Cascading Style Sheets, see Cascading Style Sheets for IE 3.0.

The STYLE element may only be used in the HEAD element.

Example

<STYLE>

BODY {background: white; color: black}

H1 {font: 8pt Arial bold}

P {font: 10pt Arial; text-indent: 0.5in}

A {text-decoration: none; color: blue}

</STYLE>


SUB

<SUB>
...
</SUB>

Renders text in subscript. The required end tag restores normal formatting.

Example

(X<SUB>1</SUB>,Y<SUB>1</SUB>)


SUP

<SUP>
...
</SUP>

Renders text in superscript. The required end tag restores normal formatting.

Example

X<SUP>2</SUP> + Y<SUP>2</SUP>


TABLE

<TABLE
ALIGN=LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT
BACKGROUND=url
BGCOLOR=color
BORDER=n
BORDERCOLOR=color
BORDERCOLORDARK=color
BORDERCOLORLIGHT=color
CELLPADDING=n
CELLSPACING=n
CLASS=type
COLS=n
FRAME=frame-type
ID=value
RULES=rule-type
STYLE=css1-properties
WIDTH=n
>
...
</TABLE>

Defines a table. Use the TR, TD, and TH elements in the container to create the rows, columns, and cells. The end tag is required.

The optional THEAD, TBODY, TFOOT, COLGROUP, and COL elements can be used to organize a table and apply attributes across columns and groups of columns.

ALIGN=LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT

Specifies the table alignment. The default is LEFT.

LEFT 	The table is left-aligned.

CENTER 	The table is centered on the page.

RIGHT 	The table is right-aligned. If the table is less than the width of the window, text following the table wraps along the left side of the table.

BACKGROUND=url

Specifies a background picture. The picture is tiled behind the text and graphics in the table, table head, or table cell.

BGCOLOR=color

Sets background color. The color is either a hexadecimal, RGB color value or a predefined color name. See Color.

BORDER=n

Sets the size, in pixels, of the table border. The default is zero.

BORDERCOLOR=color

Sets border color. Must be used with the BORDER= attribute. The color is either a hexadecimal, RGB color value or a predefined color name. See Color.

BORDERCOLORDARK=color

Sets independent border color control over one of the two colors used to draw a 3-D border, opposite of BORDERCOLORLIGHT=. Must be used with the BORDER= attribute. The color is either a hexadecimal, RGB color value or a predefined color name. See Color.

BORDERCOLORLIGHT=color

Sets independent border color control over one of the two colors used to draw a 3-D border, opposite of BORDERCOLORDARK=. Must be used with the BORDER= attribute. The color is either a hexadecimal, RGB color value or a predefined color name. See Color.

CELLPADDING=n

Sets the amount of space, in pixels, between the sides of a cell and its contents.

CELLSPACING=n

Sets the amount of space, in pixels, between the frame (exterior) of the table and the cells in the table.

CLASS=type

Indicates the class to which the element belongs.

COLS=n

Sets the number of columns in the table. If given, this attribute may speed up processing of tables, especially lengthy ones.

FRAME=frame-type

Specifies which sides of a frame (outer borders) are displayed. The frame-type can be one of these values.

BORDER 	Displays a border on all sides of the table frame. This is the default.

VOID 	Removes all outside table borders.

ABOVE 	Displays a border on the top side of the table frame.

BELOW 	Displays a border on the bottom side of the table frame.

HSIDES 	Displays a border on the top and bottom sides of the table frame.

LHS 	Displays a border on the left-hand side of the table frame.

RHS 	Displays a border on the right-hand side of the table frame.

VSIDES 	Displays a border on the left and right sides of the table frame.

BOX 	Displays a border on all sides of the table frame.

ID=value

Specifies a unique value for the element throughout the document.

RULES=rule-type

Specifies which dividing lines (inner borders) are displayed. The rule-type can be one of these values.

NONE 	Removes all interior table borders. This is the default.

GROUPS 	Displays horizontal borders between all table groups. Groups are specified by the THEAD, TBODY, TFOOT, and COLGROUP elements.

ROWS 	Displays horizontal borders between all table rows.

COLS 	Displays vertical borders between all table columns.

ALL 	Displays a border on all rows and columns.

STYLE=css1-properties

Specifies style information.

WIDTH=n

Sets the width of the table in pixels or as a percentage of the window. To set a percentage, the n must end with a percent sign (%).

Example

<TABLE BORDER=1 WIDTH=80%>

<THEAD>

<TR>

<TH>Heading 1</TH>

<TH>Heading 2</TH>

</TR>

<TBODY>

<TR>

<TD>Row 1, Column 1 text.</TD>

<TD>Row 1, Column 2 text.</TD>

</TR>

<TR>

<TD>Row 2, Column 1 text.</TD>

<TD>Row 2, Column 2 text.</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>


TBODY

<TBODY>

Creates multiple sections when rules are needed between groups of table rows. If a table does not have a header or footer (does not have a THEAD or TFOOT element), the TBODY element is optional. The end tag is optional.

You can use the TBODY element more than once in a table. This is useful for dividing lengthy tables into smaller units and for controlling the placement of horizontal rules.

Example

<TABLE>

<THEAD>

<TR>

...

</TR>

<TBODY>

<TR>

...

</TR>

</TBODY>

</TABLE>


TD

<TD
ALIGN=CENTER|LEFT|RIGHT
BACKGROUND=url
BGCOLOR=color
BORDERCOLOR=color
BORDERCOLORDARK=color
BORDERCOLORLIGHT=color
CLASS=type
COLSPAN=n
HEIGHT=n
ID=value
NOWRAP
ROWSPAN=n
STYLE=css1-properties
VALIGN=MIDDLE|TOP|BOTTOM|BASELINE
WIDTH=n
>

Creates a cell in a table. The end tag is optional.

ALIGN=CENTER|LEFT|RIGHT

Specifies the horizontal alignment of text in a cell. The default is CENTER.

CENTER 	The text is centered in the cell.

LEFT 	The text is aligned with the left side of the cell.

RIGHT 	The text is aligned with the right side of the cell.

BACKGROUND=url

Specifies a background picture. The picture is tiled behind the text and graphics in the table, table head, or table cell.

BGCOLOR=color

Sets background color. The color is either a hexadecimal, RGB color value or a predefined color name. See Color.

BORDERCOLOR=color

Sets border color. Must be used with the BORDER= attribute of the TABLE element. The color is either a hexadecimal, RGB color value or a predefined color name. See Color.

BORDERCOLORDARK=color

Sets independent border color control over one of the two colors used to draw a 3-D border, opposite of BORDERCOLORLIGHT=. Must be used with the BORDER= attribute of the TABLE element. The color is either a hexadecimal, RGB color value or a predefined color name. See Color.

BORDERCOLORLIGHT=color

Sets independent border color control over one of the two colors used to draw a 3-D border, opposite of BORDERCOLORDARK=. Must be used with the BORDER= attribute of the TABLE element. The color is either a hexadecimal, RGB color value or a predefined color name. See Color.

CLASS=type

Indicates the class to which the element belongs.

COLSPAN=n

Extends the content of a cell into cells of the adjoining column(s). The number of columns that are overlapped is indicated by n.

HEIGHT=n

Specifies the height of the table cell.

ID=value

Specifies a unique value for the element throughout the document.

NOWRAP

Prevents table columns from wrapping if they extend beyond the page.

ROWSPAN=n

Extends the content of a cell into cells in the adjoining row(s). The number of rows that are overlapped is indicated by n.

STYLE=css1-properties

Specifies style information.

VALIGN=MIDDLE|TOP|BOTTOM|BASELINE

Specifies the vertical alignment of text in the cell. The default is MIDDLE.

MIDDLE 	Text is aligned in the middle of each cell.

TOP 	Text is aligned with the top of each cell.

BOTTOM 	Text is aligned with the bottom of each cell.

BASELINE 	Text in adjoining cells in a row is aligned along a common baseline.

WIDTH=n

Specifies the width of the table cell.

This element is valid only within a row in a table. You must use a TR element before using TD. All attributes are optional.


TEXTAREA

<TEXTAREA
COLS=n
NAME=name
ROWS=n
>
...
</TEXTAREA>

Creates a multi-line text entry control in which the user can type and edit text. The end tag is required.

COLS=n

Sets the width, in characters, of the text area.

NAME=name

Sets the name of the text area. This name is used when the element is used within a FORM element.

ROWS=n

Sets the height, in characters, of the text area.

Any text between the start tag and end tag is used as the initial value for the control.


TFOOT

<TFOOT>

Defines the table footer. Use TFOOT to duplicate footers when breaking a table across page boundaries, or for static headers when body sections are rendered in a scrolling panel. The end tag is optional.

The table footer is optional; if given, only one footer is allowed. The TFOOT element is valid only within a table; you must use a TABLE element before using this element.

Example

<TABLE>

<TBODY>

<TR>

...

</TR>

<TFOOT>

<TR>

...

</TR>

</TABLE>


TH

<TH
ALIGN=CENTER|LEFT|RIGHT
BACKGROUND=url
BGCOLOR=color
BORDERCOLOR=color
BORDERCOLORDARK=color
BORDERCOLORLIGHT=color
CLASS=type
COLSPAN=n
ID=value
NOWRAP
ROWSPAN=n
STYLE=css1-properties
VALIGN=TOP|MIDDLE|BOTTOM|BASELINE
WIDTH=n
>

Creates a row or column heading in a table. The element is similar to the TD element but emphasizes the text in the cell to distinguish it from text in TD cells. The end tag is optional.

ALIGN=CENTER|LEFT|RIGHT

Specifies the alignment of text in the cell. The default is CENTER.

CENTER 	The text in the header is aligned in the center of the cell.

LEFT 	The text in the header is aligned with the left margin of the cell.

RIGHT 	The text in the header is aligned with the right margin of the cell.

BACKGROUND=url

Specifies a background picture. The picture is tiled behind the text and graphics in the table, table head, or table cell.

BGCOLOR=color

Sets background color. The color is either a hexadecimal, RGB color value or a predefined color name. See Color.

BORDERCOLOR=color

Sets border color. Must be used with the BORDER= attribute of the TABLE element. The color is either a hexadecimal, RGB color value or a predefined color name. See Color.

BORDERCOLORDARK=color

Sets independent border color control over one of the two colors used to draw a 3-D border, opposite of BORDERCOLORLIGHT=. Must be used with the BORDER= attribute of the TABLE element. The color is either a hexadecimal, RGB color value or a predefined color name. See Color.

BORDERCOLORLIGHT=color

Sets independent border color control over one of the two colors used to draw a 3-D border, opposite of BORDERCOLORDARK=. Must be used with the BORDER= attribute of the TABLE element. The color is either a hexadecimal, RGB color value or a predefined color name. See Color.

CLASS=type

Indicates the class to which the element belongs.

COLSPAN=n

Indicates the number of table columns this cell spans.

ID=value

Specifies a unique value for the element throughout the document.

NOWRAP

Prevents word wrapping within the cell. Lines of text appear as given in the HTML document.

ROWSPAN=n

Indicates the number of table rows this cell spans.

STYLE=css1-properties

Specifies style information.

VALIGN=TOP|MIDDLE|BOTTOM|BASELINE

Specifies the vertical alignment of text in the table. The default is TOP.

TOP 	Text is aligned with the top of each cell.

MIDDLE 	Text is aligned in the middle of each cell.

BOTTOM 	Text is aligned with the bottom of each cell.

BASELINE 	Text in adjoining cells in a row is aligned along a common baseline.

WIDTH=n

Specifies the width of the table heading, in columns.

This element is valid only within a row in a table. You must use a TR element before using TH. All attributes are optional.


THEAD

<THEAD>

Defines the table heading. Use THEAD to duplicate headings when breaking tables across page boundaries, or for static headings when body sections are rendered in a scrolling panel. The end tag is optional.

The table heading is optional; if given, only one heading is allowed. The THEAD element is valid only within a table; you must use a TABLE element before using this element.

Example

<TABLE>

<THEAD>

<TR>

...

</TR>

<TBODY>

<TR>

...

</TR>

</TABLE>


TITLE

<TITLE>
...
</TITLE>

Specifies a title for the document. Internet Explorer uses this for the window caption.

This element is valid only within the HEAD element. The end tag is required.

Example

<HEAD>

<TITLE>"Welcome To Internet Explorer!"</TITLE>

</HEAD>


TR

<TR
ALIGN=CENTER|LEFT|RIGHT
BGCOLOR=color
BORDERCOLOR=color
BORDERCOLORDARK=color
BORDERCOLORLIGHT=color
CLASS=type
ID=value
NOWRAP
STYLE=css1-properties
VALIGN=MIDDLE|TOP|BOTTOM|BASELINE
>

Creates a row in a table. The row can contain one or more TD elements. The end tag is optional.

ALIGN=CENTER|LEFT|RIGHT

Sets the alignment for text in the row. The default is CENTER.

CENTER 	Text in the row is centered.

LEFT 	Text in the row is aligned to the left.

RIGHT 	Text in the row is aligned to the right.

BGCOLOR=color

Sets background color. The color is either a hexadecimal, RGB color value or a predefined color name. See Color.

BORDERCOLOR=color

Sets border color. Must be used with the BORDER= attribute of the TABLE element. The color is either a hexadecimal, RGB color value or a predefined color name. See Color.

BORDERCOLORDARK=color

Sets independent border color control over one of the two colors used to draw a 3-D border, opposite of BORDERCOLORLIGHT=. Must be used with the BORDER= attribute of the TABLE element. The color is either a hexadecimal, RGB color value or a predefined color name. See Color.

BORDERCOLORLIGHT=color

Sets independent border color control over one of the two colors used to draw a 3-D border, opposite of BORDERCOLORDARK=. Must be used with the BORDER= attribute of the TABLE element. The color is either a hexadecimal, RGB color value or a predefined color name. See Color.

CLASS=type

Indicates the class to which the element belongs.

ID=value

Specifies a unique value for the element throughout the document.

NOWRAP

Prevents the table rows from wrapping if they over-extend the margins of the browser.

STYLE=css1-properties

Specifies style information.

VALIGN=MIDDLE|TOP|BOTTOM|BASELINE

Specifies the vertical alignment of text in the row. The default is MIDDLE.

MIDDLE 	Text is aligned in the middle of each cell.

TOP 	Text is aligned with the top of each cell.

BOTTOM 	Text is aligned with the bottom of each cell.

BASELINE 	Text in adjoining cells in a row is aligned along a common baseline.

Example

<TABLE>

<TR>

...

</TR>

<TR>

...

</TR>

</TABLE>


TT

<TT>
...
</TT>

Indicates teletype. Renders text in fixed-width type. The required end tag returns the text formatting to normal.

Example

<TT>Here's some plain text.</TT>


U

<U>
...
</U>

Renders underlined text. The required end tag restores the text to normal.

Example

<U>This text is underlined.</U>


UL

<UL
CLASS=type
COMPACT
ID=value
STYLE=css1-properties
>
...
</UL>

Specifies that the following block of text is a bulleted (or unordered) list. Each item begins with an LI tag. The end tag is required.

CLASS=type

Indicates the class to which the element belongs.

COMPACT

Reduces the spacing between items in the list.

ID=value

Specifies a unique value for the element throughout the document.

STYLE=css1-properties

Specifies style information.

Example

<UL>

<LI>This is the first bulleted item in the list.

<LI>And this is the second bulleted item in the list.

</UL>


VAR

<VAR>
...
</VAR>

Indicates placeholder text for a variable. Displays text in a small, fixed-width type. The required end tag restores the formatting to normal.

Example

Enter the <VAR>filename</VAR> in the dialog box.


WBR

<WBR>

Inserts a soft line break in a block of NOBR text.

Example

<NOBR>This line of text will not break, no matter how narrow the window gets.

<WBR>This one, however, will.</NOBR>


XMP

<XMP>
...
</XMP>

Indicates example text by displaying it in fixed-width type. The required end tag restores the text to normal.

Example

<XMP>Here's some plain text.</XMP>


HTML Character Sets (Charsets)

Character sets determine what characters you can use in your HTML documents, define how you must encode these characters, and determine how the encodings are translated into images on the screen or paper. The following sections describe character sets.

•	ISO Latin-1 Character Set

•	IE 3.0 English (U.S.) Character Set

•	Character Set Recognition


ISO Latin-1 Character Set

The following table contains the ISO Latin-1 character set. The table describes each character, its decimal code, and its special entity reference for HTML, as well as providing a brief description.

Character	Decimal Code	HTML	Description
À	&#192;	&Agrave;	Capital A, grave accent
à	&#224;	&agrave;	Small a, grave accent
Á	&#193;	&Aacute;	Capital A, acute accent
á	&#225;	&aacute;	Small a, acute accent
Â	&#194;	&Acirc;	Capital A, circumflex
â	&#226;	&acirc;	Small a, circumflex
Ã	&#195;	&Atilde;	Capital A, tilde
ã	&#227;	&atilde;	Small a, tilde
Ä	&#196;	&Auml;	Capital A, diæresis / umlaut
ä	&#228;	&auml;	Small a, diæresis / umlaut
Å	&#197;	&Aring;	Capital A, ring
å	&#229;	&aring;	Small a, ring
Æ	&#198;	&AElig;	Capital AE ligature
æ	&#230;	&aelig;	Small ae ligature
Ç	&#199;	&Ccedil;	Capital C, cedilla
ç	&#231;	&ccedil;	Small c, cedilla
È	&#200;	&Egrave;	Capital E, grave accent
è	&#232;	&egrave;	Small e, grave accent
É	&#201;	&Eacute;	Capital E, acute accent
é	&#233;	&eacute;	Small e, acute accent
Ê	&#202;	&Ecirc;	Capital E, circumflex
ê	&#234;	&ecirc;	Small e, circumflex
Ë	&#203;	&Euml;	Capital E, diæresis / umlaut
ë	&#235;	&euml;	Small e, diæresis / umlaut
Ì	&#204;	&Igrave;	Capital I, grave accent
ì	&#236;	&igrave;	Small i, grave accent
Í	&#205;	&Iacute;	Capital I, acute accent
í	&#237;	&iacute;	Small i, acute accent
Î	&#206;	&Icirc;	Capital I, circumflex
î	&#238;	&icirc;	Small i, circumflex
Ï	&#207;	&Iuml;	Capital I, diæresis / umlaut
ï	&#239;	&iuml;	Small i, diæresis / umlaut
Ð	&#208;	&ETH;	Capital Eth, Icelandic
ð	&#240;	&eth;	Small eth, Icelandic
Ñ	&#209;	&Ntilde;	Capital N, tilde
ñ	&#241;	&ntilde;	Small n, tilde
Ò	&#210;	&Ograve;	Capital O, grave accent
ò	&#242;	&ograve;	Small o, grave accent
Ó	&#211;	&Oacute;	Capital O, acute accent
ó	&#243;	&oacute;	Small o, acute accent
Ô	&#212;	&Ocirc;	Capital O, circumflex
ô	&#244;	&ocirc;	Small o, circumflex
Õ	&#213;	&Otilde;	Capital O, tilde
õ	&#245;	&otilde;	Small o, tilde
Ö	&#214;	&Ouml;	Capital O, diæresis / umlaut
ö	&#246;	&ouml;	Small o, diæresis / umlaut
Ø	&#216;	&Oslash;	Capital O, slash
ø	&#248;	&oslash;	Small o, slash
Ù	&#217;	&Ugrave;	Capital U, grave accent
ù	&#249;	&ugrave;	Small u, grave accent
Ú	&#218;	&Uacute;	Capital U, acute accent
ú	&#250;	&uacute;	Small u, acute accent
Û	&#219;	&Ucirc;	Capital U, circumflex
û	&#251;	&ucirc;	Small u, circumflex
Ü	&#220;	&Uuml;	Capital U, diæresis / umlaut
ü	&#252;	&uuml;	Small u, diæresis / umlaut
Ý	&#221;	&Yacute;	Capital Y, acute accent
ý	&#253;	&yacute;	Small y, acute accent
Þ	&#222;	&THORN;	Capital Thorn, Icelandic
þ	&#254;	&thorn;	Small thorn, Icelandic
ß	&#223;	&szlig;	Small sharp s, German sz
ÿ	&#255;	&yuml;	Small y, diæresis / umlaut


IE 3.0 English (U.S.) Character Set

The following table describes the complete character set for Internet Explorer 3.0 English (U.S.). The first column shows the character as it appears in Internet Explorer 3.0. The second column shows the decimal number as it is written in an HTML document to produce the characters. Occasionally, special characters have mnemonic names. For example, the registered trademark character can be written in HTML as &reg;. The third column lists these HTML characters. The last column gives a description of each character where appropriate.

Character	Decimal Code	HTML	Description
---	&#00;	---	Unused
---	&#01;	---	Unused
---	&#02;	---	Unused
---	&#03;	---	Unused
---	&#04;	---	Unused
---	&#05;	---	Unused
---	&#06;	---	Unused
---	&#07;	---	Unused
---	&#08;	---	Unused
---	&#09;	---	Horizontal tab
---	&#10;	---	Line feed
---	&#11;	---	Unused
---	&#12;	---	Unused
---	&#13;	---	Carriage Return
---	&#14;	---	Unused
---	&#15;	---	Unused
---	&#16;	---	Unused
---	&#17;	---	Unused
---	&#18;	---	Unused
---	&#19;	---	Unused
---	&#20;	---	Unused
---	&#21;	---	Unused
---	&#22;	---	Unused
---	&#23;	---	Unused
---	&#24;	---	Unused
---	&#25;	---	Unused
---	&#26;	---	Unused
---	&#27;	---	Unused
---	&#28;	---	Unused
---	&#29;	---	Unused
---	&#30;	---	Unused
---	&#31;	---	Unused
	&#32;	---	Space
!	&#33;	---	Exclamation mark
"	&#34;	&quot;	Quotation mark
#	&#35;	---	Number sign
$	&#36;	---	Dollar sign
%	&#37;	---	Percent sign
&	&#38;	&amp;	Ampersand
'	&#39;	---	Apostrophe
(	&#40;	---	Left parenthesis
)	&#41;	---	Right parenthesis
*	&#42;	---	Asterisk
+	&#43;	---	Plus sign
,	&#44;	---	Comma
-	&#45;	---	Hyphen
.	&#46;	---	Period (fullstop)
/	&#47;	---	Solidus (slash)
0	&#48;	---	Digit 0
1	&#49;	---	Digit 1
2	&#50;	---	Digit 2
3	&#51;	---	Digit 3
4	&#52;	---	Digit 4
5	&#53;	---	Digit 5
6	&#54;	---	Digit 6
7	&#55;	---	Digit 7
8	&#56;	---	Digit 8
9	&#57;	---	Digit 9
:	&#58;	---	Colon
;	&#59;	---	Semicolon
<	&#60;	&lt;	Less than
=	&#61;	---	Equals sign
>	&#62;	&gt;	Greater than
?	&#63;	---	Question mark
@	&#64;	---	Commercial at
A	&#65;	---	Capital A
B	&#66;	---	Capital B
C	&#67;	---	Capital C
D	&#68;	---	Capital D
E	&#69;	---	Capital E
F	&#70;	---	Capital F
G	&#71;	---	Capital G
H	&#72;	---	Capital H
I	&#73;	---	Capital I
J	&#74;	---	Capital J
K	&#75;	---	Capital K
L	&#76;	---	Capital L
M	&#77;	---	Capital M
N	&#78;	---	Capital N
O	&#79;	---	Capital O
P	&#80;	---	Capital P
Q	&#81;	---	Capital Q
R	&#82;	---	Capital R
S	&#83;	---	Capital S
T	&#84;	---	Capital T
U	&#85;	---	Capital U
V	&#86;	---	Capital V
W	&#87;	---	Capital W
X	&#88;	---	Capital X
Y	&#89;	---	Capital Y
Z	&#90;	---	Capital Z
[	&#91;	---	Left square bracket
\	&#92;	---	Reverse solidus (backslash)
]	&#93;	---	Right square bracket
^	&#94;	---	Caret
_	&#95;	---	Horizontal bar (underscore)
`	&#96;	---	Acute accent
a	&#97;	---	Small a
b	&#98;	---	Small b
c	&#99;	---	Small c
d	&#100;	---	Small d
e	&#101;	---	Small e
f	&#102;	---	Small f
g	&#103;	---	Small g
h	&#104;	---	Small h
i	&#105;	---	Small i
j	&#106;	---	Small j
k	&#107;	---	Small k
l	&#108;	---	Small l
m	&#109;	---	Small m
n	&#110;	---	Small n
o	&#111;	---	Small o
p	&#112;	---	Small p
q	&#113;	---	Small q
r	&#114;	---	Small r
s	&#115;	---	Small s
t	&#116;	---	Small t
u	&#117;	---	Small u
v	&#118;	---	Small v
w	&#119;	---	Small w
x	&#120;	---	Small x
y	&#121;	---	Small y
z	&#122;	---	Small z
{	&#123;	---	Left curly brace
|	&#124;	---	Vertical bar
}	&#125;	---	Right curly brace
~	&#126;	---	Tilde
	&#127;	---	Unused
€	&#128;	---	Unused
	&#160;	&nbsp;	Non-breaking Space
¡	&#161;	&iexcl;	Inverted exclamation
¢	&#162;	&cent;	Cent sign
£	&#163;	&pound;	Pound sterling
¤	&#164;	&curren;	General currency sign
¥	&#165;	&yen;	Yen sign
¦	&#166;	&brvbar; or &brkbar;	Broken vertical bar
§	&#167;	&&sect;	Section sign
¨	&#168;	&&um; or &&die;	Diæresis / Umlaut
©	&#169;	&&copy;	Copyright
ª	&#170;	&&ordf;	Feminine ordinal
«	&#171;	&&laquo;	Left angle quote, guillemot left
¬	&#172;	&&not	Not sign
­	&#173;	&shy;	Soft hyphen
®	&#174;	&reg;	Registered trademark
¯	&#175;	&macr; or &hibar;	Macron accent
°	&#176;	&deg;	Degree sign
±	&#177;	&plusmn;	Plus or minus
²	&#178;	&sup2;	Superscript two
³	&#179;	&sup3;	Superscript three
´	&#180;	&acute;	Acute accent
µ	&#181;	&micro;	Micro sign
¶	&#182;	&para;	Paragraph sign
·	&#183;	&middot;	Middle dot
¸	&#184;	&cedil;	Cedilla
¹	&#185;	&sup1;	Superscript one
º	&#186;	&ordm;	Masculine ordinal
»	&#187;	&raquo;	Right angle quote, guillemot right
¼	&#188;	&frac14;	Fraction one-fourth
½	&#189;	&frac12;	Fraction one-half
¾	&#190;	&frac34;	Fraction three-fourths
¿	&#191;	&iquest;	Inverted question mark
À	&#192;	&Agrave;	Capital A, grave accent
Á	&#193;	&Aacute;	Capital A, acute accent
Â	&#194;	&Acirc;	Capital A, circumflex
Ã	&#195;	&Atilde;	Capital A, tilde
Ä	&#196;	&Auml;	Capital A, diæresis / umlaut
Å	&#197;	&Aring;	Capital A, ring
Æ	&#198;	&AElig;	Capital AE ligature
Ç	&#199;	&Ccedil;	Capital C, cedilla
È	&#200;	&Egrave;	Capital E, grave accent
É	&#201;	&Eacute;	Capital E, acute accent
Ê	&#202;	&Ecirc;	Capital E, circumflex
Ë	&#203;	&Euml;	Capital E, diæresis / umlaut
Ì	&#204;	&Igrave;	Capital I, grave accent
Í	&#205;	&Iacute;	Capital I, acute accent
Î	&#206;	&Icirc;	Capital I, circumflex
Ï	&#207;	&Iuml;	Capital I, diæresis / umlaut
Ð	&#208;	&ETH;	Capital Eth, Icelandic
Ñ	&#209;	&Ntilde;	Capital N, tilde
Ò	&#210;	&Ograve;	Capital O, grave accent
Ó	&#211;	&Oacute;	Capital O, acute accent
Ô	&#212;	&Ocirc;	Capital O, circumflex
Õ	&#213;	&Otilde;	Capital O, tilde
Ö	&#214;	&Ouml;	Capital O, diæresis / umlaut
×	&#215;	&times;	Multiply sign
Ø	&#216;	&Oslash;	Capital O, slash
Ù	&#217;	&Ugrave;	Capital U, grave accent
Ú	&#218;	&Uacute;	Capital U, acute accent
Û	&#219;	&Ucirc;	Capital U, circumflex
Ü	&#220;	&Uuml;	Capital U, diæresis / umlaut
Ý	&#221;	&Yacute;	Capital Y, acute accent
Þ	&#222;	&THORN;	Capital Thorn, Icelandic
ß	&#223;	&szlig;	Small sharp s, German sz
à	&#224;	&agrave;	Small a, grave accent
á	&#225;	&aacute;	Small a, acute accent
â	&#226;	&acirc;	Small a, circumflex
ã	&#227;	&atilde;	Small a, tilde
ä	&#228;	&auml;	Small a, diæresis / umlaut
å	&#229;	&aring;	Small a, ring
æ	&#230;	&aelig;	Small ae ligature
ç	&#231;	&ccedil;	Small c, cedilla
è	&#232;	&egrave;	Small e, grave accent
é	&#233;	&eacute;	Small e, acute accent
ê	&#234;	&ecirc;	Small e, circumflex
ë	&#235;	&euml;	Small e, diæresis / umlaut
ì	&#236;	&igrave;	Small i, grave accent
í	&#237;	&iacute;	Small i, acute accent
î	&#238;	&icirc;	Small i, circumflex
ï	&#239;	&iuml;	Small i, diæresis / umlaut
ð	&#240;	&eth;	Small eth, Icelandic
ñ	&#241;	&ntilde;	Small n, tilde
ò	&#242;	&ograve;	Small o, grave accent
ó	&#243;	&oacute;	Small o, acute accent
ô	&#244;	&ocirc;	Small o, circumflex
õ	&#245;	&otilde;	Small o, tilde
ö	&#246;	&ouml;	Small o, diæresis / umlaut
÷	&#247;	&divide;	Division sign
ø	&#248;	&oslash;	Small o, slash
ù	&#249;	&ugrave;	Small u, grave accent
ú	&#250;	&uacute;	Small u, acute accent
û	&#251;	&ucirc;	Small u, circumflex
ü	&#252;	&uuml;	Small u, diæresis / umlaut
ý	&#253;	&yacute;	Small y, acute accent
þ	&#254;	&thorn;	Small thorn, Icelandic
ÿ	&#255;	&yuml;	Small y, diæresis / umlaut


Character Set Recognition

Internet Explorer uses the character set specified for a document to determine how to translate the character encodings in the document into images on the screen or paper. By default, Internet Explorer uses the character set specified in the HTTP content-type returned by the server to determine this translation. However, if this parameter is not given, Internet Explorer uses either the character set specified by the META element in the document or the user's preferences if no META element is given.

You can use the META element to explicitly set the character set for a document. In this case, you set the HTTP-EQUIV= attribute to "Content-Type" and specify a character set identifier in the CONTENT= attribute. For example, the following META element identifies Windows-1251 as the character set for the document.

<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type"

  CONTENT="text/html; CHARSET=Windows-1251">

As long as you place the META element before the BODY element, it affects the whole document, including the TITLE element. Note that the META applies to the document containing it. This means, for example, that a compound document (a document consisting of two or more documents in a set of frames) can use different characters sets in different frames.

Internet Explorer has a number of built-in character sets, called base character sets, that it uses to translate character encodings. The following table lists the base character sets and shows which character set aliases are mapped to these base character sets. This does not, in all cases, mean that alias and base character set represent the same set; the alias set may be a subset of the base set. Note that you cannot use the base character set name in the META tag unless it is also listed as an alias.

Base Set	Display Name	Alias
1252	Western	us-ascii, iso8859-1, ascii, iso_8859-1, iso-8859-1, ANSI_X3.4-1968, iso-ir-6, ANSI_X3.4-1986, ISO_646.irv:1991, ISO646-US, us, IBM367, cp367, csASCII, latin1, iso_8859-1:1987, iso-ir-100, ibm819, cp819
28592	Central European (ISO)	iso8859-2, iso-8859-2, iso_8859-2, latin2, iso_8859-2:1987, iso-ir-101, l2, csISOLatin2
1250	Central European (Windows)	windows-1250, x-cp1250
1251	Cyrillic (Windows)	windows-1251, x-cp1251
1253	Greek (Windows)	windows-1253
1254	Turkish (Windows)	windows-1254
932	Shift-JIS	shift_jis, x-sjis, ms_Kanji, csShiftJIS
EUC-JP	EUC	Extended_UNIX_Code_Packed_Format_for_Japanese, csEUCPkdFmtJapanese, x-euc-jp
JIS	JIS	csISO2022JP, iso-2022-jp
1257	windows-1257
950	Traditional Chinese (BIG5)	big5, csbig5, x-x-big5
936	Simplified Chinese	GB_2312-80, iso-ir-58, chinese, csISO58GB231280, csGB2312, gb2312
20866	Cyrillic (KOI8-R)	csKOI8R, koi8-r
949	Korean	ks_c_5601, ks_c_5601-1987, korean, csKSC56011987


HTML Source Specification

The following table lists the elements and attributes supported by Internet Explorer 3.0. The table identifies the source of the element, naming the relevant W3C specification where possible.

Tag	Attribute	Source specification
!--		HTML 1.0
!DOCTYPE		HTML 3.2
A		HTML 1.0
A	CLASS	CSS 1.0
A	HREF	HTML 2.0
A	ID	CSS 1.0
A	NAME	HTML 2
A	onClick	Netscape
A	onMouseOver	Netscape
A	REL	HTML 2.0
A	REV	HTML 2.0
A	STYLE	CSS 1.0
A	TARGET	Netscape
A	TITLE	HTML 3.2
ADDRESS		HTML 2
APPLET		HTML 3.2
APPLET	ALIGN	HTML 3.2
APPLET	ALT	HTML 3.2
APPLET	CODE	HTML 3.2
APPLET	CODEBASE	HTML 3.2
APPLET	DOWNLOAD	HTML 3.2
APPLET	HEIGHT	HTML 3.2
APPLET	HSPACE	HTML 3.2
APPLET	NAME	HTML 3.2
APPLET	VSPACE	HTML 3.2
APPLET	WIDTH	HTML 3.2
AREA		HTML 3.2
AREA	ALT	HTML 3.2
AREA	CLASS	CSS 1.0
AREA	COORDS	HTML 3.2
AREA	HREF	HTML 3.2
AREA	ID	CSS 1.0
AREA	NOHREF	HTML 3.2
AREA	SHAPE	HTML 3.2
AREA	STYLE	CSS 1.0
AREA	TARGET	Netscape
B		HTML 2.0
BASE		HTML 2.0
BASE	HREF	HTML 2.0
BASE	TARGET	Netscape
BASEFONT		HTML 3.2
BASEFONT	COLOR	Netscape
BASEFONT	NAME	Netscape
BASEFONT	SIZE	HTML 3.2
BGSOUND		Microsoft
BGSOUND	SRC	Microsoft
BGSOUND	LOOP	Microsoft
BIG		HTML 3.2
BLOCKQUOTE		HTML 2.0
BODY		HTML 2.0
BODY	ALINK	HTML 3.2
BODY	BACKGROUND	HTML 3.2
BODY	BGCOLOR	HTML 3.2
BODY	BGPROPERTIES	Microsoft
BODY	CLASS	CSS 1.0
BODY	ID	CSS 1.0
BODY	LEFTMARGIN	Microsoft
BODY	LINK	HTML 3.2
BODY	STYLE	CSS 1.0
BODY	TEXT	HTML 3.2
BODY	TOPMARGIN	Microsoft
BODY	VLINK	HTML 3.2
BR		HTML 1.0
BR	CLASS	CSS 1.0
BR	CLEAR	HTML 3.2
CAPTION		HTML 3.2
CAPTION	ALIGN	HTML 3.2
CAPTION	VALIGN	Microsoft
CENTER		HTML 3.2
CITE		HTML 2.0
CODE		HTML 2.0
COL		RFC1942
COL	ALIGN	RFC1942
COL	SPAN	RFC1942
COLGROUP		RFC1942
COLGROUP	ALIGN	RFC1942
COLGROUP	SPAN	RFC1942
COLGROUP	VALIGN	RFC1942
COLGROUP	WIDTH	RFC1942
COMMENT		HTML 2.0
DD		HTML 2.0
DD	CLASS	CSS 1.0
DD	ID	CSS 1.0
DD	STYLE	CSS 1.0
DFN		HTML 2.0
DIR		HTML 2.0
DIR	COMPACT	HTML 2.0
DIV		HTML 3.2
DIV	ALIGN	HTML 3.2
DIV	CLASS	CSS 1.0
DIV	ID	CSS 1.0
DIV	LANG	Netscape
DIV	NOWRAP	Netscape
DL		HTML 2.0
DT		HTML 2.0
EM		HTML 2.0
EMBED		Netscape
EMBED	HEIGHT	Netscape
EMBED	NAME	Netscape
EMBED	PARAM	Netscape
EMBED	PALETTE	Netscape
EMBED	SRC	Netscape
EMBED	WIDTH	Netscape
FONT		HTML 3.2
FONT	COLOR	HTML 3.2
FONT	FACE	Microsoft
FONT	SIZE	HTML 3.2
FORM		HTML 2.0
FORM	ACTION	HTML 2.0
FORM	METHOD	HTML 2.0
FORM	onSubmit	Netscape
FORM	TARGET	Netscape
FRAME		Netscape
FRAME	ALIGN	Netscape
FRAME	FRAMEBORDER	Netscape
FRAME	MARGINHEIGHT	Netscape
FRAME	MARGINWIDTH	Netscape
FRAME	NAME	Netscape
FRAME	NORESIZE	Netscape
FRAME	SCROLLING	Netscape
FRAME	SRC	Netscape
FRAMESET		Netscape
FRAMESET	COLS	Netscape
FRAMESET	FRAMEBORDER	IE 3.0
FRAMESET	FRAMESPACING	IE 3.0
FRAMESET	ROWS	Netscape
Hn		HTML 2.0
Hn	ALIGN	HTML 3.2
HEAD		HTML 2.0
HR		HTML 2.0
HR	ALIGN	HTML 3.2
HR	CLASS	CSS 1.0
HR	COLOR	IE 3.0
HR	ID	CSS 1.0
HR	NOSHADE	Netscape
HR	SIZE	Netscape
HR	STYLE	CSS 1.0
HR	WIDTH	Netscape
HTML		HTML 2.0
I		HTML 2.0
IFRAME		Microsoft
IFRAME	ALIGN	Microsoft
IFRAME	FRAMEBORDER	Microsoft
IFRAME	HEIGHT	Microsoft
IFRAME	MARGINHEIGHT	Microsoft
IFRAME	MARGINWIDTH	Microsoft
IFRAME	NAME	Microsoft
IFRAME	SCROLLING	Microsoft
IFRAME	SRC	Microsoft
IFRAME	NORESIZE	Microsoft
IFRAME	WIDTH	Microsoft
IMG		HTML 1.0
IMG	ALIGN	HTML 2.0
IMG	ALT	HTML 2.0
IMG	BORDER	HTML 3.2
IMG	CLASS	CSS 1.0
IMG	CONTROLS	Microsoft
IMG	DYNSRC	Microsoft
IMG	HEIGHT	HTML 3.2
IMG	HSPACE	HTML 3.2
IMG	ID	CSS 1.0
IMG	ISMAP	HTML 2.0
IMG	LOOP	Microsoft
IMG	SRC	HTML 2.0
IMG	START	Microsoft
IMG	STYLE	CSS 1.0
IMG	TITLE	HTML 2.0
IMG	USEMAP	HTML 3.2
IMG	VSPACE	HTML 3.2
IMG	WIDTH	HTML 3.2
INPUT		HTML 2.0
INPUT	ALIGN	HTML 2.0
INPUT	CHECKED	HTML 2.0
INPUT	CLASS	CSS 1.0
INPUT	ID	CSS 1.0
INPUT	MAXLENGTH	HTML 2.0
INPUT	NAME	HTML 2.0
INPUT	onBlur	Netscape
INPUT	onChange	Netscape
INPUT	onClick	Netscape
INPUT	onFocus	Netscape
INPUT	onSelect	Netscape
INPUT	SIZE	HTML 2.0
INPUT	SRC	HTML 2.0
INPUT	STYLE	CSS 1.0
INPUT	TITLE	HTML 2.0
INPUT	TYPE	HTML 2.0
INPUT	VALUE	HTML 2.0
ISINDEX		HTML 2.0
ISINDEX	ACTION	Netscape
ISINDEX	PROMPT	HTML 3.2
KBD		HTML 2.0
LI		HTML 2.0
LI	CLASS	CSS 1.0
LI	ID	CSS 1.0
LI	STYLE	CSS 1.0
LI	TYPE	HTML 3.2
LI	VALUE	HTML 3.2
LINK		HTML 2.0
LINK	HREF	HTML 2.0
LINK	REL	HTML 2.0
LINK	REV	HTML 2.0
LINK	TITLE	HTML 2.0
LINK	TYPE	--
LISTING		HTML 2.0
MAP		HTML 3.2
MAP	NAME	HTML 3.2
MARQUEE		Microsoft
MARQUEE	ALIGN	Microsoft
MARQUEE	BEHAVIOR	Microsoft
MARQUEE	BGCOLOR	Microsoft
MARQUEE	DIRECTION	Microsoft
MARQUEE	HEIGHT	Microsoft
MARQUEE	HSPACE	Microsoft
MARQUEE	LOOP	Microsoft
MARQUEE	SCROLLAMOUNT	Microsoft
MARQUEE	SCROLLDELAY	Microsoft
MARQUEE	VSPACE	Microsoft
MARQUEE	WIDTH	Microsoft
MENU		HTML 2.0
MENU	COMPACT	HTML 2.0
META		HTML 2.0
META	CONTENT	HTML 2.0
META	HTTP-EQUIV	HTML 2.0
META	NAME	HTML 2.0
NOBR		Netscape
NOFRAMES		Netscape
OBJECT		--
OBJECT	ALIGN	--
OBJECT	BORDER	--
OBJECT	CLASSID	--
OBJECT	CODEBASE	--
OBJECT	CODETYPE	--
OBJECT	DATA	--
OBJECT	DECLARE	--
OBJECT	HEIGHT	--
OBJECT	HSPACE	--
OBJECT	NAME	--
OBJECT	SHAPES	--
OBJECT	STANDBY	--
OBJECT	TITLE	--
OBJECT	TYPE	--
OBJECT	USEMAP	--
OBJECT	VSPACE	--
OBJECT	WIDTH	--
OL		HTML 2.0
OL	CLASS	CSS 1.0
OL	COMPACT	HTML 2.0
OL	ID	CSS 1.0
OL	START	HTML 3.2
OL	STYLE	CSS 1.0
OL	TYPE	HTML 3.2
OPTION		HTML 2.0
OPTION	SELECTED	HTML 2.0
OPTION	VALUE	HTML 2.0
P		HTML 2.0
P	ALIGN	HTML 3.2
P	CLASS	CSS 1.0
P	ID	CSS 1.0
P	STYLE	CSS 1.0
PARAM	NAME	HTML 3.2
PARAM	VALUE	HTML 3.2
PARAM	VALUETYPE	--
PARAM	TYPE	--
PLAINTEXT		HTML 2.0
PRE		HTML 2.0
S		HTML 2.0
SAMP		HTML 2.0
SCRIPT		HTML 3.2
SCRIPT	LANGUAGE	--
SCRIPT	SRC	--
SCRIPT	TYPE	--
SELECT		HTML 2.0
SELECT	NAME	HTML 2.0
SELECT	MULTIPLE	HTML 2.0
SELECT	SIZE	HTML 2.0
SMALL		HTML 3.2
SPAN		--
SPAN	CLASS	CSS 1.0
SPAN	ID	CSS 1.0
SPAN	STYLE	CSS 1.0
STRIKE		HTML 2.0
STRONG		HTML 2.0
STYLE		HTML 3.2
SUB		HTML 3.2
SUP		HTML 3.2
TABLE		HTML 3.2
TABLE	ALIGN	HTML 3.2
TABLE	BACKGROUND	Microsoft
TABLE	BGCOLOR	Microsoft
TABLE	BORDER	HTML 3.2
TABLE	BORDERCOLOR	Microsoft
TABLE	BORDERCOLORDARK	Microsoft
TABLE	BORDERCOLORLIGHT	Microsoft
TABLE	CELLPADDING	HTML 3.2
TABLE	CELLSPACING	HTML 3.2
TABLE	CLASS	CSS 1.0
TABLE	COLS	RFC1942
TABLE	FRAME	RFC1942
TABLE	ID	CSS 1.0
TABLE	RULES	RFC1942
TABLE	STYLE	CSS 1.0
TABLE	WIDTH	HTML 3.2
TBODY		RFC1942
TD		HTML 3.2
TD	ALIGN	HTML 3.2
TD	BACKGROUND	HTML 3.2
TD	BGCOLOR	Microsoft
TD	BORDERCOLOR	Microsoft
TD	BORDERCOLORDARK	Microsoft
TD	BORDERCOLORLIGHT	Microsoft
TD	CLASS	CSS 1.0
TD	COLSPAN	HTML 3.2
TD	HEIGHT	HTML 3.2
TD	ID	CSS 1.0
TD	NOWRAP	HTML 3.2
TD	ROWSPAN	HTML 3.2
TD	STYLE	CSS 1.0
TD	VALIGN	HTML 3.2
TD	WIDTH	HTML 3.2
TEXTAREA		HTML 2.0
TEXTAREA	COLS	HTML 2.0
TEXTAREA	NAME	HTML 2.0
TEXTAREA	ROWS	HTML 2.0
TFOOT		RFC1942
TH		HTML 3.2
TH	ALIGN	HTML 3.2
TH	BACKGROUND	Microsoft
TH	BGCOLOR	Microsoft
TH	BORDERCOLOR	Microsoft
TH	BORDERCOLORDARK	Microsoft
TH	BORDERCOLORLIGHT	Microsoft
TH	CLASS	CSS 1.0
TH	COLSPAN	HTML 3.2
TH	ID	CSS 1.0
TH	NOWRAP	HTML 3.2
TH	ROWSPAN	HTML 3.2
TH	STYLE	CSS 1.0
TH	VALIGN	HTML 3.2
TH	WIDTH	HTML 3.2
THEAD		RFC1942
TITLE		HTML 2.0
TR		HTML 3.2
TR	ALIGN	HTML 3.2
TR	BGCOLOR	Microsoft
TR	BORDERCOLOR	Microsoft
TR	BORDERCOLORDARK	Microsoft
TR	BORDERCOLORLIGHT	Microsoft
TR	CLASS	CSS 1.0
TR	ID	CSS 1.0
TR	NOWRAP	HTML 3.2
TR	STYLE	CSS 1.0
TR	VALIGN	HTML 3.2
TT		HTML 2.0
U		HTML 2.0
UL		HTML 2.0
UL	CLASS	CSS 1.0
UL	COMPACT	HTML 2.0
UL	ID	CSS 1.0
UL	STYLE	CSS 1.0
VAR		HTML 2.0
WBR		Netscape
XMP		HTML 2.0


About Cascading Style Sheets

Cascading style sheets give you control over the placement and general appearance of the HTML elements in your documents by letting you set the style properties associated with the elements. By collecting entries that define the style properties for individual and classes of elements, you can consolidate style information in your document into a single style sheet thereby reducing the size and complexity of your HTML documents and helping to make your documents easier to update and enhance over time.

This document explains how to create and use cascading style sheets in your HTML documents. Cascading style sheets in Microsoft Internet Explorer, version 3.0, are based on the Cascading Style Sheets, level 1, specification as proposed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). This means style sheets in your documents apply when viewed using Internet Explorer 3.0 and any other browser that meets the W3C standards. For a comparison of the W3C proposal and the style properties supported by Internet Explorer 3.0, see A Comparison: the W3C Proposal and Internet Explorer 3.0 Support.


The Basics

Each HTML element has a corresponding set of style properties that define the appearance of the element. For example, the style properties of the P element define the color, typeface, and size of text in the paragraph, the indentation of the paragraph, and the margins (or gaps) between the paragraph and adjacent elements.

Each style property has a unique name and a set of values. For example, the color of text in an element is defined by the color property. The possible values are predefined color names, such as red and blue, and hexadecimal color values, such as #F00 and 0000FF. (See Cascading Style Sheet Reference for a list of property names.)

To assign a value to a property, you give the property name, a colon (:), and the desired value as in the following examples.

color: red

color: F00

color: #FF0000

Some properties, such as the font property, can take multiple values. You must separate these values with at least one space.

font: 12 "Arial"

You can make more than one assignment at a time by combining assignments with a semicolon (;). The following example assigns values to both the color and font properties.

color: red;font: 12 "Arial"

Of course, assigning a value to a property has no effect unless you also associate the assignment with an HTML element. The simplest way to do this is to use the STYLE= attribute with a particular element.

<P STYLE="color: red">Red is the text color for this paragraph.</P>

The drawback to using STYLE= is that it sets the property for the given element only. If you want other elements to have red text, you have to apply the STYLE= to each element.

A far more efficient way to associate property assignments with HTML elements is to create a style sheet. A style sheet is a collection of property assignments contained within the STYLE element at the head of the HTML document.

Each entry in the style sheet associates one or more property assignments with an HTML element, a class identifier, or an element identifier. For example, the single entry in the style sheet in the following example sets the text color to red for all P elements in the document.

<HTML>

<HEAD>

<STYLE>

<!--

P { color: red }

-->

</STYLE>

</HEAD>

<BODY>

<P>Red is the text color for this paragraph.</P>

<P>Red is the text color for this paragraph too.</P>

</BODY>

</HTML>

It is a good idea to enclose the style sheet with <!-- and --> to ensure that versions of browsers that do not support style sheets do not display the property assignments.

If you use the STYLE= attribute with selected elements in a document that has a style sheet, the property assignments defined by the attribute override those defined by the style sheet. In the following example, STYLE= in the second P element overrides the style sheet.

<HTML>

<HEAD>

<STYLE>

<!--

P { color: red }

-->

</STYLE>

</HEAD>

<BODY>

<P>Red is the text color for this paragraph.</P>

<P STYLE="color: green">Green is the text color for this paragraph.</P>

<P>Red is the text color for this paragraph.</P>

</BODY>

</HTML>

The example above shows how you can associate different property assignments to different instances of the same HTML element. Rather than use the STYLE= attribute, a better way is to create style classes in the style sheet and use the CLASS= attribute to associate the class with a specific instance of the element. (All elements inside the body of an HTML document can take a CLASS= attribute.)

You can create a style class by associating a property assignment with a unique class identifier or with a combination of element name and identifier as in the following example.

<STYLE>

<!--

P { color: red }

P.1 { color: green }

-->

</STYLE>

In this example, the second entry creates a style class for the P element. The class identifier is 1. The period (.) preceding the identifier indicates a class identifier and is required.

To apply the style class, use the class identifier with the CLASS= attribute as in the following example.

<BODY>

<P>Red is the text color for this paragraph.</P>

<P CLASS=1>Green is the text color for this paragraph.</P>

<P>Red is the text color for this paragraph.</P>

</BODY>


Property Values, Lengths, and Percentages

Every style property has a set of possible values. The set depends on the property, but is typically either a list of value names or a range of numbers. For example, the color property takes either a predefined color name or a hexadecimal number representing an RGB color value.

Some properties take a length. A length specifies a measurement in a given unit of measure. The length is a decimal number, preceded by an optional sign character (+ or -) and followed by a unit identifier. The following are valid lengths.

1in	2.3cm	115px	-25pt	+9.23mm

You can use these unit identifiers.

Identifier 	Meaning

cm 	centimeters

in 	inches

mm 	millimeters

pc 	picas (where 1 pica is equal to 12 points)

pt 	points (where 1 point is equal to 1/72nd of an inch)

px 	pixels (relative to the resolution of the canvas)

Although em, en, and ex may also be used as unit identifiers, they may not yield the results you expect.

Some properties let you set their values by using a percentage, a decimal number followed by the percent sign (%). The percentage indicates that the actual value must be calculated using some other property value. For example, the line-height property uses the current font size to calculate the height if a percentage is given, as in the following example.

font-size: 12pt; line-height: 120%

In this example, the line height is set to 14 points, 120% of the font size.


Selectors, Declarations, and Comments

Every entry in a style sheet consists of a selector and a declaration. The selector identifies the items to be associated with a given set of property assignments, and the declaration defines the assignments. In the following entry, the selector is H1 and the declaration is {color:blue}.

H1 {color:blue}

You can combine property assignments in a single declaration by separating them with semicolons (;).

H1 {

font-weight: bold;

font-size: 12pt;

line-height: 14pt;

font-family: Arial;

font-style: normal;

}

You can combine element names into a single selector by separating them with commas(,).

H1,H2,H3 {font-family: Arial}

Grouping names in this way is more efficient than having separate entries with identical declarations.

You can insert comments into a style sheet by using the /* and */ symbols. For example:

P { color: red }  /* All paragraphs have red text. */

Although comments can appear before, after, and in between selectors and declarations, for readability, you should place them on blank lines or after declarations.


Class and Element Identifiers in Selectors

In addition to element names, you can also use class and element identifiers in selectors.

You use a class identifier in a selector to create a style class. The identifier can be any combination of letters and digits, but must be preceded by a period (.). The class identifier can be with or without an element name, as in the following example.

P.1 {color: green}

.blue {color: blue}

You use the CLASS= attribute with the given class identifier to apply the class to an element in the body of the document. If the selector is a combination of a class identifier and an element name, the class identifier may only be used with instances of that element. When the selector has no element name, the class identifier can be used with any element, but the property assignments do not apply if the element does not support the properties.

You use an element identifier in a selector to associate property assignments with a specific element in the body of the document. The element identifier must be exactly as given in the ID= attribute of the element, but preceded by a number sign (#), as in the following example.

<HTML>

<HEAD>

<STYLE>

<!--

#z098y { color: yellow }

-->

</STYLE>

</HEAD>

<BODY>

. . .

<P ID="z098y">Yellow is the text color for this paragraph.</P>

. . .


Nested Elements in Selectors

By nesting element names in a selector, you can associate different property assignments with an HTML element based on where the element is used in a document. Consider the following style sheet entries.

UL LI       { font-size: large }

UL UL LI    { font-size: small }

The first entry associates a large font with text in the LI element, but this property only applies if the element in a UL list. The second entry associates a small font with the LI element, and only applies if the element is in a UL list that is nested within another UL. The following example indicates the effect on text in a document.

<UL>

<LI>This is large text.

    <UL>

    <LI>This is small text.

    </UL>

<LI>This is large text.

</UL>

When you nest element names, you must give the name of a container element first, followed by a content element, separated with at least one space. You can nest in this way to any level, but you should make sure that the elements you give are legitimate container and content elements.

You can use class or element identifiers with nested element names, but if you use these with container elements, the identifiers must be defined in some other entry, as in the following example.

UL.blue    { color: blue }

UL.blue LI    { font-size: small }

You can group nested element names as you would individual names by separating them with commas (,).

H1 B, H2 B, H1 EM, H2 EM {color: red}


The :link, :visited, and :active Pseudo-Classes

The :link, :visited, and :active pseudo-classes let you set the style of A elements based on the current state of the links. In a selector, you use these pseudo-classes with the A element in the same way you would use class identifiers.

A:link   { color: red }           /* unvisited link */

A:visited  { color: blue }       /* visited links */

Unlike class identifiers, you do not use the pseudo-classes with the CLASS= attribute. Instead, the browser automatically interprets which pseudo-class to use based on the state of the link.

You can combine pseudo-classes with normal classes.

A.external:visited { color: blue }

If the URL specified by an A element having the external class (defined above) has been visited, it displays in blue. Note that normal class identifiers must precede the pseudo-class in the selector.

You can apply pseudo-classes to nested element names, just as with class identifiers.

A:link IMG { border: solid blue }

Using pseudo-classes on elements other than the A element has no effect.


Default Values and Inheritance

Every style property has a default value that is either set by the browser or inherited from a containing element, also called the parent element. Default values apply when you do not explicitly associate property assignments with an element.

The BODY element has default property values that are set by the browser. For example, if the TEXT= and BGCOLOR= attributes are not used, the default text color in the body of a document is black, and the default background color is transparent. (Attributes as well as an entry in a style sheet can be used to override the defaults.)

Many style properties inherit their default values from the parent element. In the following example, the color of text in P element is inherited from the BODY element, and the color in the B element is inherited from P.

<BODY>

<P>The text in this paragraph <B>inherits</B> its text color.</P>

</BODY>

Properties such as the background color do not inherit default values. The background color for an element is always transparent unless explicitly set.

If a property for an element is set using a percentage or some other relative value, descendants of that element inherit the calculated value not the percentage. For example, the line height of the following paragraphs are the same (14 points) even though the font size is different.

<HTML>

<HEAD>

<STYLE>

<!--

P { font-size: 12pt; line-height: 120% }

UL LI { font-size: 8pt }

-->

</STYLE>

</HEAD>

<BODY>

. . .

<P>The line height here is 14 points.

<UL>

<LI>The line height here is also 14 points.</LI>

</UL>

</P>

. . .


Cascading

Cascading means that several style sheets can be used to affect the presentation of the HTML elements in a document. Rather than duplicate style sheet entries in each of your documents, you can place your entries in a text file and link the file into your documents by using the LINK element, as in the following example.

<HTML>

<HEAD>

<LINK REL=STYLESHEET TYPE="text/css" HREF=styles.css">

</HEAD>

You can use this method to create style sheets from two or more partial style sheets. Just link the files as needed.

<HTML>

<HEAD>

<LINK REL=STYLESHEET TYPE="text/css" HREF=heads.css">

<LINK REL=STYLESHEET TYPE="text/css" HREF=lists.css">

<LINK REL=STYLESHEET TYPE="text/css" HREF=text.css">

</HEAD>

If style sheets linked in this way contain entries that have identical selectors but conflicting declarations, the last entry to be linked is used.

In some cases, two entries may have different selectors but nevertheless conflict. Consider the following entries.

LI { color: red }

#x34y { color: blue }

If a document contains the following elements, the text color of the LI element is blue.

<UL>

<LI ID="x34y">This text is blue.

</UL>

The text is blue and not red because an element identifier in a selector is more specific than an element name. Similarly, class identifiers are more specific than element names (but less specific than element identifiers).

You can include the STYLE element and style sheet entries in documents that also use the LINK element for style sheets. In all cases, the linked entries override any conflicting entries in your document.

On the other hand, if you use the STYLE= attribute with elements in the document that have matching style sheet entries, the STYLE= attribute overrides the entries, whether they are linked or not.


Using Style Sheets

The following sections show some simple ways to use style sheets in your documents.


Setting Margins

You can use the margin property to set the margins for an element. The margins define the space or gap between the content of the element and its parent or sibling elements. Each element has a top, right, bottom, and left margin.

For example, you can apply the margin property to the BODY element to set the space between the edge of the window and the content of the document. The style sheet in the following document sets the margins to 1 inch.

<HTML>

<HEAD>

<STYLE>

<!--

BODY { margin: 1in 1in 1in 1in }

P { color: red }

-->

</STYLE>

</HEAD>

<BODY>

<P>Red is the text color for this paragraph.</P>

</BODY>

</HTML>

The text in this document appears no closer than 1 inch from the edge of the document window. (Note that if the LEFTMARGIN= and TOPMARGIN= attributes of the BODY element are also used, they increase the left and top margins by the given amount.)

You can also set individual margins for an element by using the margin-top, margin-bottom, margin-left, and margin-right properties. For example, you can move the left and right margins of paragraphs in while leaving the top and bottom margins unchanged by using the following entry.

P { margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in }

The effect of this entry is similar to using the BLOCKQUOTE element.

You can set negative margins to do effects such as 'outdenting' or tightening the space between elements. For example, you can close up the space between consecutive paragraphs by using an entry such as this.

P { margin-top: -11pt}

Elements do not inherit the margins of their parent element. However, because the margins for an element are relative to the box enclosing the parent, the parent's margins do indirectly affect the child element. The following example demonstrates this effect.

In this example, the left margin for the child element is explicitly set at 36 points, so the left edge of the text of this element starts at this distance from the left edge of the parent element. Similarly, the left margin of the grandchild element is also 36 points, so its left edge is 36 points from the left edge of its parent, making a total of 72 points from the left edge of the grandparent.

When adjoining elements in a document are siblings, the gap between two is typically the sum of the adjoining margins. In some cases, the gap is automatically adjusted for a better looking result. The resulting gap is usually the same as the largest of the two adjoining margins.


Choosing a Typeface and Font Style

You can use the font property to set the size and typeface of the font for an element. In its simplest form, the property takes a size and a font-family name, as in the following assignment.

font: 14pt "Arial"

Because the font property is inherited by all elements, associating font with the BODY element in a style sheet is the easiest way to set the default font for the entire document.

<HTML>

<HEAD>

<STYLE>

<!--

BODY { font: 14pt Arial }

-->

</STYLE>

</HEAD>

<BODY>

<P>All text will be 14pt Arial by default.</P>

</BODY>

</HTML>

You can also use the font property to set the font weight, style, and line height. The example below sets the font to bold, italic, 14-point Arial with a line height of 16 points:

font: bold italic 14pt/16pt "Arial"

Alternately, you can set these properties individually by using the font-weight, font-style, font-size, line-height, and font-family properties. The following shows how to use these properties to set the font given in the previous example.

font-weight: bold;

font-style: italic;

font-size: 14pt;

line-height: 16pt;

font-family: "Arial"

You must enclose font names that contain white space in quotation marks.

font-family: "Times New Roman"

Because you cannot guarantee that a given typeface will be available to everyone viewing a document, you should always provide a list of font-family names rather than a single name. In Internet Explorer 3.0, you need to use the font-family property for this, and enclose the list in quotation marks as in the following example.

BODY { font-size: 14pt; font-family: "Verdana, Arial, sans-serif" }

In this example, the generic sans-serif font is used if neither the Verdana nor Arial typefaces are available. You should always list a generic font family as a last alternative. This ensures that if the other typefaces in your list are not available, the typeface used has at least the same basic features as those other typefaces.

Recall that you can set the text (or foreground) color for an element by using the color property. For example, the following sets the text color of the H1 element to aqua.

H1 { color: aqua }

You can also set the color using an RGB number, such as #F00 and #00FF00. Although using RGB numbers allows for the potential of millions of color possibilities, not all colors are actually available. If a color is not available, it is substituted with a color that is a close match. The color property is inherited by all elements.

The font and related properties override any FONT elements given in the body of a document.


Setting the Background

You can set the background color for an element by using the background property. You supply a predefined color name or a hexadecimal RGB value of the color you want, as in the following example.

BODY { background: white }

Although the background color is not inherited, the default value for the background is transparent. This means the background color of the parent element typically appears if the background for an element is not explicitly given.

You can add a background image to your document by using the background property. You must supply the uniform resource locator (URL) of an image file. For example, the following declaration adds the image defined by the file sample.gif to the background of the document.

BODY { background: url(sample.gif) }

By default, the background image is tiled (that is, repeated both horizontally and vertically). You can change the tiling and position the bitmap by providing repeat and position values, as in the following example.

BODY { background: url(sample.gif) no-repeat center}

In the example, a single copy of the image is centered within the document.

You can combine both background color and an image in an assignment.

BODY { background: white url(sample.gif) no-repeat center }

In this case, the background color is used only for areas not covered by the image and for areas in the image that are transparent.

Although you can also apply a background image to elements such as P and TABLE, but the repeat and position values are not supported for these elements.


Creating Special Effects

Negative margins are a way to modify existing elements and carry out stylistic effects that are based on overlapping text or images. The following example shadows text by overlapping two lines of text having different colors.

<H1 STYLE="color: gray; text-indent: 3pt">Some Fun in the Sun</H1>

<H1 STYLE="margin-top: -40pt">Some Fun in the Sun</H1>

You can use a similar trick to bleed in an image from beyond the left edge of the document and overwrite it with text.

<IMG SRC=bleed.gif STYLE="margin-left: -8pt">

<H1 STYLE="font-style: italic; margin-top: -40pt">Samples and Examples</H1>

Although special effects can make documents more interesting, they cannot be guaranteed to work in all browsers and with all types of displays. You should always test the special effect to make sure it works well in the configurations you expect your viewers to have.


Cascading Style Sheet Reference

Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.0 supports these style properties:

Property 	Description

background 	Sets the background properties for the page.

color 	Provides color formatting information.

font 	Describes the font to apply to the element.

font-style 	Describes the font style.

font-family 	Describes a prioritized list of font family names.

font-weight 	Describes the weight of the font style.

line-height 	Sets the distance between two adjacent lines' baselines

margin 	Sets the border for all four sides of a page.

margin-left 	Sets the border for the left side of a page.

margin-right 	Sets the border for the right side of a page.

margin-top 	Sets the border for the top of a page.

text-align 	Describes how text is aligned with the element.

text-decoration 	Describes styles that are added to the text of an element.

text-indent 	Specifies the indent that appears before the first formatted line.


background

background: [ color ] [ url(url) [ repeat ]  [ attachment] [ position ] ]

Sets the background color and/or image for an element.

color

Specifies the background color. Can be a color name or hexadecimal RGB value as described for the color property. The value transparent can be used instead of a color to set a transparent background. An element with a transparent background displays the background color of its parent element.

url(url)

URL for the background image. This image overrides the background color.

repeat

Specifies whether a single copy or multiple copies of the background image is displayed. Can be one of these values.

repeat 	This is the default value. The image is repeated both horizontally and vertically.

repeat-x 	The image is repeated horizontally.

repeat-y 	The image is repeated vertically.

no-repeat 	Only a single copy of the image is displayed.

attachment

Specifies whether the background image scrolls with the document. Can be one of these values.

scroll 	The default value. The image scrolls as the user scrolls the document.

fixed 	The position of the image in the document window remains fixed as the user scrolls the document.

position

The initial position of the background image. Can be a horizontal position, a vertical position, or one of each.

Horizontal

left 	The default horizontal position. Align the background image at the left edge of the element.

center 	Center the background image in the element.

right 	Align the background image at the right edge of the element.

Vertical

top 	The default vertical position. Align the background image at the top of the element.

middle 	Center the background image vertically in the element.

bottom 	Align the background image at the bottom of the element.

The initial position can alternately be set using percentage values in this format.

x% [y%]

These align the background image so that it is placed at a coordinate calculated from the given percentages. The coordinate is based on the element's width and height, but adjusted to ensure that the full image is visible if possible. If only x is given, it sets both the horizontal and vertical position. Otherwise, x sets the horizontal position and y the vertical. The default position is the upper-left corner of the element ("top left" or "0% 0%").

You can apply this property to any element. Neither the background color nor the image are inherited by descendants of the element.

In Internet Explorer 3.0, the values specifying the repeat, position, and attachment properties of the background image only apply to the BODY and TABLE elements.

Example

This example sets a background color for the body of the HTML document to white.

BODY { background: white }

This example sets a background image for the body of the HTML document, positioning it at the center of the document. The image file, image.bmp, contains the image information. If the user scrolls the document, the image scrolls with the document content.

BODY { background: url(image.bmp) 50% 50% }


color

color: color-name | rgb-number

Sets the text color of an element, for example, the foreground color. You can set the color using either a color name or hexadecimal RGB value.

color-name

Can be one of these color names.

aqua 	navy

black 	olive

blue 	purple

fuchsia 	red

gray 	silver

green 	teal

lime 	white

maroon 	yellow

rgb-number

A three- or six-digit, hexadecimal number specifying the intensities of red, green, and blue in the color. If three digits are given, the most significant digit specifies red, the least significant blue. If six digits, the most significant pair of digits is red, the least significant pair is blue. A value of 00 is the least intense, and FF the most intense. A leading number sign (#) is optional.

You can apply this property to any element. All descendants of this element inherit the given color.

Example

This example sets the default text color of the HTML document to black. The text color for H1 and H2 elements are maroon and olive, respectively.

<STYLE>

BODY { color: black }

H1 { color: maroon }

H2 { color: olive }

</STYLE>


font

font: [ weight ] [ style ] point-size [/ line-height] font-name

Sets the weight, style, font size, line-height, and/or family for an element.

weight

A number or percentage specifying the weight of the font, as described for the font-weight property.

style

A font style property. Can be normal or italic, as described for the font-style property.

point-size

A number or percentage specifying the size of the font, as described for the font-size property.

line-height

An number of percentage specifying the line spacing, as described for the line-height property. This value must immediately follow the point-size value, and must be separated from the point-size with the backslash (/) .

font-name

A font family or generic font name, as described for the font-family property.

You can apply this property to any element. All descendants of this element inherit the given font properties.

Example

This example sets the font for text in P elements. The typeface is Verdana if it is available, and otherwise is a sans-serif face. The weight is bold, and the style italic. The size is x-large, with the line height at 110% of the size.

P { font: bold italic x-large/110% "Verdana, sans-serif" }


font-family

font-family: family-name | generic-name

Sets the family or generic name for the font to use for the element.

family-name

The name of a font family, such as Arial or Times New Roman.

generic-name

Must be one of the following generic font family names.

serif

sans-serif

cursive

fantasy

monospace

You can apply this property to any element. All descendants of this element inherit the given font family.

In Internet Explorer 3.0, you can give more than one font family or generic name by enclosing all names in a single pair of quotation marks and separating the names with commas. When more than one name is given, the first available font in the list, reading left to right, is used.

Example

This example sets the Verdana font as the preferred typeface for text in the document. If Verdana is not available, a sans-serif font is used.

BODY { font-family: "Verdana, sans-serif" }


font-size

font-size: size | length | percentage

Sets the size of the font for the element.

size

One of these font sizes.

xx-small

x-small

small

medium

large

x-large

xx-large

length

A number and unit identifier specifying the size of the font. If the em or ex identifier is used, the font size of the parent element is used to calculate the new size.

percentage

A number and required percent sign (%) specifying the size of the font as a percentage of the size of the parent element font.

You can apply this property to any element. All descendants of this element inherit the given font size.

Example

This example sets the font size of text in P elements to 12 points, and the font size of text in EM elements to 150%.

P { font-size: 12pt }

EM { font-size: 150% }

When the EM element is a descendant of the P element, the size of the font used for EM is 18 point.


font-style

font-style: normal | italic

Sets the style of the font for the element.

normal

The default. Displays characters as defined by the font.

italic

Displays italic characters.

You can apply this property to any element. All descendants of this element inherit the given style.

Example

This example sets the font style for first-, second-, and third-level headings to italic.

H1, H2, H3  { font-style: italic }


font-weight

font-weight: extra-light | light | demi-light | medium | demi-bold | bold | extra-bold

Sets the weight of the font. The weight affects the thickness of characters in the font, with heavier weights generating thicker characters.

extra-light

Lightest weight (equivalent to 100 weight).

light

Light (200).

demi-light

Partly light (300).

medium

The default weight (equivalent to normal or 400 weight).

demi-bold

Partly bold (500).

bold

Bold (700).

extra-bold

Heaviest weight (900).

You can apply this property to any element. All descendants of this element inherit the given weight.

Although equivalent numeric weights are shown here, you can not use these values as substitutes for the actual name values.

Not all font weights are available on all operating systems. If the given weight is not available, a close approximation is used.

Example

This example sets a medium font weight.

P { font-weight: medium }


line-height

line-height: length | percentage

Sets the distance between the baselines of text lines in an element.

length

A number and a unit identifier specifying the height of a line. If the em or ex identifier is used, the font size of the parent element is used to calculate the new size.

percentage

A number and a percent sign (%) specifying the height of the line as a percentage of the font size of the text in the element.

You can apply this property to any element. All descendants of this element inherit the given height.

Examples

This example sets the line height for text in P elements to 12 points.

P { font-size: 11pt; line-height: 12pt }


margin

margin: length | percentage ...

Sets the top, right, bottom, and left margin widths for an element. Up to four values can be given, applying in order to the top, right, bottom and left margins, respectively. Fewer than four values set the margins as follows:

Values 	Effect

1 	Sets all margins to this width.

2 	Sets the top and bottom margins to the first width, the left and right to the second.

3 	Sets the top margin to the first width, the left and right to the second, and the bottom to the third.

length

A number and a unit identifier specifying the width of the margin. Negative margin values are allowed.

percentage

A number and a percent sign (%) specifying the width of the margin expressed as a percentage of the margin of the parent element.

You can apply this property to any element. Descendants of this element do not inherit this property.

When applied to a replaced element, such as IMG, the margin width specifies the minimal distance from that element to any of the content of the parent element.

Margin widths are interpreted differently in Internet Explorer version 3.0 than in version 3.01. In 3.0, a margin width always specifies a distance from the edge of the Internet Explorer window. In 3.01, a margin width always specifies the distance from the corresponding edge of the parent element. To see the difference, consider a document in which the BODY element has a 1-inch left margin and a P element is given a 0.5-inch left margin, as in the example below.

<BODY style="margin-left: 1in">

<P style="margin-left: 0.5in">Where does this text appear?

</BODY>

In 3.0, the text in the paragraph appears 0.5 inches from the left edge of the window, but in 3.01, the text is 1.5 inches from the left edge. If you set margins in documents that will be viewed through either version 3.0 or 3.01, be aware of this difference and apply margins carefully.

Examples

This example sets all margins to 2 inches.

BODY { margin-left: 2in }

This example sets the top margin to 1 inch and the right margin to 2 inches. The bottom and left margins are 1 inch and 2 inch, respectively.

BODY { margin: 1in 2in }

This example sets the top margin to 1 inch, the right margin to 2 inches, and the bottom margin to 3 inches. The left margin is set to the same value as the right margin.

BODY { margin: 1in 2in 3in }


margin-bottom

margin-bottom: length | percentage

Sets the margin for the bottom side of the element.

length

A number and a unit identifier specifying the width of the margin. Negative margin values are allowed.

percentage

A number and a percent sign (%) specifying the width of the margin expressed as a percentage of the margin of the parent element.

You can apply this property to any element. Descendants of this element do not inherit this property.


margin-left

margin-left: length | percentage

Sets the margin for the left side of an element.

length

A number and a unit identifier specifying the width of the margin. Negative margin values are allowed.

percentage

A number and a percent sign (%) specifying the width of the margin expressed as a percentage of the margin of the parent element.

You can apply this property to any element. Descendants of this element do not inherit this property.


margin-right

margin-right: length | percentage

Sets the margin for the right side of an element.

length

A number and a unit identifier specifying the width of the margin. Negative margin values are allowed.

percentage

A number and a percent sign (%) specifying the width of the margin expressed as a percentage of the margin of the parent element.

You can apply this property to any element. Descendants of this element do not inherit this property.


margin-top

margin-top: length | percentage

Sets the margin for the top of an element.

length

A number and a unit identifier specifying the width of the margin. Negative margin values are allowed.

percentage

A number and a percent sign (%) specifying the width of the margin expressed as a percentage of the margin of the parent element.

You can apply this property to any element. Descendants of this element do not inherit this property.


text-align

text-align: left | right | center

Sets the alignment of text within the element.

left

Aligns text along the left margin of the element.

right

Aligns text along the right margin of the element.

center

Centers text within the element.

You can apply this property to block elements only. Descendants of this element inherit this property.

Example

DIV { text-align: center }


text-decoration

text-decoration: none | underline | line-through

Sets a decoration that is added to the text of an element. The color of the decoration is the same as the text in the element.

none

No decoration.

underline

All text is underlined.

line-through

All text is struck out (a line parallel to the baseline is drawn through the text).

You can apply this property to any element. Descendants of this element do not inherit this property.

Example

This example underlines the text of all links.

A:link, A:visited, A:active { text-decoration: underline }


text-indent

text-indent: length | percentage

Sets the indent to apply to the first formatted line of a block element.

length

A number and a unit identifier specifying the indent. Negative values are allowed.

percentage

A number and a percent sign (%) specifying the width of the margin expressed as a percentage of the margin of the parent element.

You can apply this property to block elements only. Descendants of this element inherit this property.

The text indent applies only to the first line of the element. If some other element within this element forces a new line (for example, a BR element in a P paragraph), the text indent is not applied to the new line.

Example

This example sets the indent of the text to 3 inches.

P { text-indent: 3in }


A Comparison: the W3C Proposal and Internet Explorer 3.0 Support

The following table lists the properties and values defined by the Cascading Style Sheet, level 1, specification proposal (http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR/PR-CSS1 [image]) and identifies which of these are supported by Internet Explorer, versions 3.0 and 3.01.

Property	Value Names	Supported?	Notes
background		Yes	Background color and image work with all elements, but repeat, position, and attachment values work with the BODY and TABLE elements only. Background image does not work with FORM element.
	bottom	Yes	Works with BODY and TABLE elements only.
	center	Yes	Works with BODY and TABLE elements only. The value "middle" can be used for vertical centering.
	fixed	Yes	Works with BODY and TABLE elements only.
	left	Yes	Works with BODY and TABLE elements only.
	none	Yes
	no-repeat	Yes	Works with BODY and TABLE elements only.
	repeat	Yes	Default. Works with BODY and TABLE elements only.
	repeat-x	Yes	Works with BODY and TABLE elements only.
	repeat-y	Yes	Works with BODY and TABLE elements only.
	rgb()	No
	right	Yes	Works with BODY and TABLE elements only.
	scroll	No	Although scrolling is the default behavior, if scroll is given, Internet Explorer interprets it as fixed.
	top	Yes	Works with BODY and TABLE elements only.
	transparent	Yes
	url()	Yes	Partial URLs only.
background-attachment		No
background-color		No
background-image		No
background-position		Yes
background-repeat		No
border		No
border-bottom		No
border-bottom-width		No
border-color		No
border-left		No
border-left-width		No
border-right		No
border-right-width		No
border-style		No
border-top		No
border-top-width		No
border-width		No
clear		No
color		Yes
	rgb()	No
display		No
float		No
font		Yes	Values for font-variant are ignored.
font-family		Yes	If more than one name given, enclose all names in a single pair of quotation marks and seperate the names with commas.
	serif	Yes
	sans-serif	Yes
	cursive	Yes
	fantasy	Yes
	monospace	Yes
font-size		Yes
	xx-small	Yes
	x-small	Yes
	small	Yes
	medium	Yes
	large	Yes
	x-large	Yes
	xx-large	Yes
	larger	No
	smaller	No
font-style		Yes
	normal	No
	italic	Yes
	oblique	No
font-variant		No
font-weight		Yes	Value names are non-standard.
	normal	No	Use medium instead.
	lighter	No
	bolder	No
	100	No	Use extra-light instead.
	200	No	Use light instead.
	300	No	Use demi-light instead.
	400	No	Use medium instead.
	500	No	Use demi-bold instead.
	600	No
	700	No	Use bold instead.
	800	No
	900	No	Use extra-bold instead.
height		No
letter-spacing		No
line-height		Yes	Number values are interpreted as length values, so resulting line height will not be as expected.
	normal	No
list-style		No
list-style-image		No
list-style-position		No
list-style-type		No
margin		Yes
	auto	No
margin-bottom		Yes
	auto	No
margin-left		Yes
	auto	No
margin-right		Yes
	auto	No
margin-top		Yes
	auto	No
padding		No
padding-bottom		No
padding-left		No
padding-right		No
padding-top		No
text-align		Yes
	left	Yes
	right	Yes
	center	Yes
	justify	No
text-decoration		Yes	Although you can not give more than one value with any instance of the property, you can give the property multiple times. The resulting text-decoration is a combination of the values.
	none	Yes
	underline	Yes
	overline	No
	line-through	Yes
	blink	No
text-indent		Yes
text-transform		No
vertical-align		No
white-space		No
width		No
word-spacing		No
:link		Yes
:visited		Yes
:active		Yes
:first-line		No
:first-letter		No
@import		No
! important		No
Unit	Supported?	Notes
cm	Yes
em	No	Can be used, but result is calculated as if pt was given.
en	No	Can be used, but result is calculated as if px was given.
ex	No	Can be used, but result is calculated as if pt was given.
in	Yes
mm	Yes
pc	Yes
pt	Yes
px	Yes


You can enhance and improve your Web pages by using scripts. Scripts are programs, written in a scripting language, such as JScript or VBScript, that you add to your Web pages to programmatically generate output, interact with the user, and control the operation of the browser and the objects (such as ActiveX controls and Java applets) in your page. Scripts are the easy way to have your Web pages "come alive" letting you create pages that can adapt themselves to specific needs or user requests without relying on a complicated Web site or server-based programs.

The following sections explain and define the scripting features available in Microsoft Internet Explorer.

Internet Explorer 4.0 Scripting Model

The Internet Explorer 4.0 scripting model provides an entirely new level of automation and program control over the content and operation of your Web pages. The scripting model puts the word Dynamic into "Dynamic HTML". Using the scripting language of your choice, you can access and manipulate all elements of a Web page — tags, attributes, images, objects, and text — creating, moving, and modifying these elements when and as needed. The following sections explain and define the objects, properties, methods, collections, and events that comprise the scripting model.

Scripting Model Overviews

The Element Class and Collections

Describes the collections and elements that comprise a structured HTML document, and the techniques used to access a document using these items.

Dynamic HTML Event Model

Explains events, event handling, and event triggers and the role of events in Dynamic HTML.

Accessing Document Content

Explains how to access and manipulate the text (or content) of an HTML document, and the relationship of the content to the HTML tags that contain it.

Scripting Tips and Hints

Provides some useful tips and hints for writing effective scripts.

Scripting Model Reference

HTML Object Model

Lists all objects in the scripting model, showing their relationship in the object hierarchy.

Scripting Objects

Defines all non-element objects in the scripting model, listing the related properties, methods, collections, and events.

Element Objects

Defines all element objects in the scripting model, listing the related properties, methods, and events.

Properties

Defines all properties available to the scripting model objects. Properties return and can be set to values that affect the appearence or behavior of an object.

Methods

Defines all methods available to the scripting model objects. Methods carry out actions on or for the object.

Collections

Defines all collections in the scripting model. Collections are indexed lists of objects and elements in an HTML document.

Events

Defines all events in the scripting model. Events occur (or are "fired") in response to user input or other actions that occur while a user views the page.


1.0. Introduction
This document is still under construction, and is subject to change.

1.0. Introduction

HTML defines a structured document defined by the containment hierarchy of elements. The containment hierarchy of elements is represented by a tree. The general model for walking the tree is to traverse collections. Collections are very similar to an array of items that are indexed both by their ordinal position, defined by the document's source order (or more specifically, a pre-order traversal of the tree). For example:

<HTML>

  <HEAD>

    <TITLE>Demo Tree</TITLE>

  </HEAD>

  <BODY>

    <H1>Header 1</H1>

    <P>Paragraph with <B>Bold text</B>

  </BODY>

</HTML>

The above document is represented by the following tree:

HTML

  |

  +---HEAD

  |     |

  |     +---TITLE

  |

  +---BODY

        |

        +---H1

        |

        +---P

            |

            +---B

In the object model, a global 'all' collection representing the entire tree is exposed. For the above document the 'all' collection contains element objects in the following order:

HTML, HEAD, TITLE, BODY, H1, P, B

This is a flattened representation of the tree. From this collection, any individual element object can be accessed.


2.0. Overall Hierarchy

This document covers the objects highlighted in bold in the hierarchy below.

window

   |

   +---location

   |

   +---frames

   |

   +---history

   |

   +---event

   |

   +---document

            |

            +---links

            |

            +---anchors

            |

            +---images

            |

            +---forms

            |

            +---applets

            |

            +---embeds

            |

            +---plugins

            |

            +---frames

            |

            +---scripts

            |

            +---all

            |

            +---selection

            |

            +---body

In addition, how to program instances of each element is discussed.


3.0. Generic Collection Class

All collections have the same set of functionality:

•	Represent all the elements within the particular scope.

•	Support methods for creating a subset of the collection based on tag, class, or name/ id.

•	Exposes the ability to access individual elements based on their ordinal position in the collection or based on the ID attribute.

Any operation that returns a collection is also derived from the collection class and will have the same set of operations as any other collection.

All collections are 'elastic' in that they always represent the current state of the document. For example, if a variable is created during the loading of the document that holds a collection of 'table' elements, and more table elements are loaded following the assignment, the collection will accurately represent the true number of tables. The same holds true if the content is manipulated and tables are removed.

The following methods are used to narrow the scope of a collection. In all cases, except for the item method, a subsequent collection is returned. The item method is special in that if there is only a single element, the element object, not a collection of one element is returned. For the other methods listed below, a collection is returned regardless if one or many items are returned.


Properties

length	Long	Returns the number of elements in the collection.


Methods

Methods	Returns	Description
item(index as variant)	Collection if more than 1 matching item. Element if only 1 matching item.	This method searches the name space of the document for all elements with the specified name or id. The name space for this method is the combination of all elements supplied with a 'name' or 'id' attribute. The index is a variant because it can also take an ordinal number which returns the element at that position in the collection.
tags(tagName as string)	Collection	This method returns a collection containing only the specified tag. The tagName argument is case insensitive for searches.
If the index for the item method is invalid, a 'null' object is returned. Invalid names for the tags collection returns an empty collection. This allows code to check for the existence of a particular element. For example:

if (0==document.all.tags("h2").length {

   ' no h2 tags in this document

}

The length property above returns a long integer representing the number of elements in the document.


3.2. Indexing into a Collection

All collections are exposed similar to an array and provide an ordinal index to access a specific element. The first element in the array is always position 0, and the last element is always position collection.length-1. Accessing by ordinal position is done with the item method:

var itemThree = document.all.item(3)

In addition, using javascript or vbscript, each element can be accessed through a more direct syntax. For example:

JScript

var itemThree = document.all[3]

VBScript

dim itemThree

itemThree = document.all(3)

In the above examples, the index could also be the name. This is because this call is similar in construct to the item method.


4.0. Collection Objects

The following are the set of predefined collections exposed by Dynamic HTML on the document object:

all	all elements in the document.
forms	FORM elements
anchors	<A name=...> elements
links	<A href=...>, <AREA> elements
images	IMG elements
applets	APPLET elements
embeds, plugins	EMBED elements
frames	IFRAME elements
scripts	SCRIPT elements
In addition, several individual element objects expose collections scoped to the set of elements contained by the specified element. Other elements may expose detailed collections depending upon their context (i.e., form elements expose an elements collection representing contained controls). These collections are discussed in greater detail in the next section.


4.1. Examples

The following are some simple examples using collections (all examples are presented in jscript):

Create a collection of all Tables:

var tables = document.all.tags("TABLE")

Access the first 'H1' element in the document

var firstH1 = document.all.tags("H1").item(0)   //collections are 0-based.

Create a collection of all elements with the name or id, 'gender'

var gender = document.all.item("gender")


5.0. Generic Element Class

Every element in the document's structure exposes an interface for accessing its properties, as well as accessing its relationship to the surrounding structure.


5.1. HTML Attributes

All HTML attributes are exposed as string properties of the element object. The properties are named the same as the attribute name. Properties and methods are "camel-capped" throughout the object model. The first key-word is lower-cased followed by each subsequent keyword's initial character uppercased (for example, "parentElement"). The capitalization is important for case sensitive languages.

The data-type for the element is determined by the HTML DTD. All elements that are defined not as a NUMBER are exposed as a string property. Numbers are exposed as long integers.


5.2. Element Class Members

Every element exposes the following minimal set of operations.


Properties

parentElement as Element	R/O	Returns the containing element in the structural tree.
tagName as string	R/O	Returns the tag name represented by the element. The tag name is returned upper-cased.
ClassName as string	R/W	Returns the class specified for the element. Note: Class is uppercased to avoid conflict with the reserved class name.
id as string	R/W	Returns the ID identifier for the element.
style as Style	R/O	Returns a style object representing the in-line style for the element.
document as Document	R/O	Returns the document object that contains the element.
left as Long	R/O	Returns the calculated position of the element in coordinates relative to the window.
top as Long	R/O	Returns the calculated position of the element in coordinates relative to the window.


Methods

Method	Return Value	Description
scrollIntoView(start as boolean)		This method scrolls the element to either the first or last line of the display.
contains(element as Element)	boolean	Returns whether the supplied element is contained within the element's sub-tree.
getMember(attribName as string)	string	Returns the persisted value for the specified attribute.
setMember(attribName as string, value as variant) removeMember(attribName as string)		Sets the persisted value for the specified attribute.  Causes the attribute to be removed and not persisted into the HTML document.


5.3. Invalid Attributes

There are two error conditions that need to be considered with HTML attributes. These are 1) invalid values for valid attributes, and 2) unknown attributes. The object model is intended to maintain the true fidelity of the document, even in the case of invalid parameters. Therefore, the following rules define how attributes are handled:

1) Invalid values for valid attributes. For CDATA attributes with no defined set of values, the string is exposed directly for the property. For number values, the appropriate default number is exposed, but methods are available for querying or even assigning a different value. For string values with a predefined list of valid values, the default value is exposed, and the actual value is again exposed through a method (discussed later).

2) Unrecognized attributes: These are exposed as additional properties on the element object. The datatype of these elements is a string.

getMember(attributeName) as string

This method returns the actual value that was read from the HTML document for the particular attribute. For example, if the border attribute is set to "foo" in the HTML, border returns 0 as a property, but the getMember("border") for that element returns foo. The attribute name may be supplied case insensitive.

To force a value to be used for a particular attribute (assign 'bar' to the border attribute), the setMember(attributeName, value) method is used. For example, setMember("border","foo").


5.4. Handling Invalid Elements

The collections are designed to accurately represent the HTML document. The elements in the collection are always arranged in the source order of the document. If a document contains tags that are not recognized by the parser, rather than throw them out, they are surfaced in the object model with the same set of members exposed on the Element class. The one distinction is that for recognized tags, only the begin tag is exposed in the collection. All unrecognized start and end tags are exposed in the collection because the correct DTD information is not available to determine the appropriate scope for the element. For example:

<HTML>

  <BAR>Test</BAR></ZAM>

</HTML>

The collection representing the above document is as follows:

HTML, BAR, /BAR, /ZAM


5.5. Synthesized Elements

The following elements are generated for all documents, regardless if they existed in the original source: HTML, TITLE, HEAD, and BODY.

For tables, if no TBODY section is specified, a TBODY element is always exposed in the collection.


5.6. Events on Elements

All elements expose a set of events. Events are covered in a separate specification, Event Model.


5.7. Examples

All examples are presented in jscript.

Display the tagName of the element with the id 'test'

alert(document.all["test"].tagName)

alert(document.all.item("test").tagName)

Check if parentElement of the 'test' element is the 'body' tag

if ("body"==document.all["test"].parentElement.tagName) {

// parent is the body

}

Change the color of the 'test' element through the in-line style

document.all["test"].style.color = "green"

Change the alignment of the first 'H1' in the document

document.all.tags("H1").item(0).align="right"	// assumes there is at least 1 H1.


6.0. Elements Objects

All elements expose an interface that includes the members defined by the element class plus members representing the attributes that are defined for the element. Some elements expose additional members beyond this minimal interface. Below lists a few of the interesting elements. Complete details can be found in the Object Model reference.


Body Element (<BODY>)

The body element is accessible through the 'all' collection. The object returned is the body Element object.

The body element exposes a method for accessing the document's content, 'createTextRange()'. Through this method, the content portion of the object model is accessible. The createTextRange method is discussed in more detail in the Accessing Document Content document.


Head Element (<HEAD>)

The 'head' element is also accessible through the 'all' collection.


Comment Elements (<!-- -->)

HTML Comments are exposed as a single element object. The contents of the comment through a read-write text property. For example:

<HTML>

<!--This is a comment-->

</HTML>

alert(document.all[1].text)

// outputs the text property of the comment.

Remember the collections are 0-based so index 1 is the 2nd element.


Script Elements (<SCRIPT>)

The actual script contained within the script tag is exposed through a text property. The text property is read only.


Form Element (<FORM>)

The form element shares all the members exposed by the 'collection' class and by the 'element' class. The form element has all of its contained control like tags exposed as properties of itself. In addition, the following members are exposed:


Collections

elements	Returns a reference to the form element. This basically is an indirection that may be more intuitive for developers when accessing form elements. This is required for backwards compatibility.


Methods

submit	This method submits the contents of the form.
reset	This method resets the contents of the form.


Intrinsic Controls

This includes <SELECT>, <BUTTON>, <INPUT>, <TEXTAREA>, <MARQUEE>, and <IMG>. These elements also expose members for manipulating their contents.


i. Terminology
This document is subject to change.

i. Terminology

Event	A notification that occurs in response to an action - whether it is a change in state or as a result of the user interacting with the document.
Event Firing	Event firing is the actual notification that occurs in response to the event.
Event Handler	Code that is executed in response to an event firing.


1.1. Event Bubbling and Default Actions

The event model is very closely related to the underlying document structure. Most events first occur over an element, then continue to be fired for each parent element in the structural hierarchy through to the HTML element, and finally to the document object itself. To understand event bubbling, consider the following diagram:

The table above represents the containership hierarchy of the document. If the developer wants to write an event handler for the <A> element above, without event bubbling, an event handler would need to be written for both the contained <IMG> element and the <A> element. This is to ensure that the code is executed regardless if the user clicked on the image or on the text of the anchor. With event bubbling, an event handler need only be written for the <A> element. This is because any event on the <IMG> element will first be fired for the <IMG>, followed by the <A> element, and then up the containership hierarchy to the <BODY>, <HTML> and finally the document object. An event handler may cancel the bubbling of an individual event to prevent part object event handlers from being invoked. The reference documentation describes in detail which elements can sink bubbled events.

In addition to event bubbling, some events have a default action associated with them. For example, the default action of clicking on the <A> element is to follow the link specified by the 'href' attribute. This default action can be cancelled by any of the events which occur in the bubbling cycle. Cancelling default action and cancelling event bubbling are completely independent.

Control over these two concepts is exposed through the 'event' object. The 'event' object exposes information on the element that first fired the event. The event object exposes information about whether the event should continue to bubble, whether the event handler is overriding the default action, as well as other state information (e.g. mouse position information) at the time the event occurred.


1.2. Event Naming Conventions and Binding

All event names are prefixed by the keyword "on" and are spelled entirely in lowercase. The case sensitivity is important for scripting languages that are case sensitive (i.e., javascript). The event name is intended to be descriptive enough to infer the events intended use.

There are three ways to bind script code as event handlers, described in detail below.

•	Using the HTML element attributes to declare the handler function for pre-defined events

•	Enclose handler code in <SCRIPT FOR=... EVENT=... IN=... LANGUAGE...> element

•	VBScript only: using function named object_event

All of these methods to bind handlers to events are essentially equivalent. When multiple languages are defined to sink a single event, all languages will receive the event, however the order that different languages receive the event is not specified. The event attribute only works for a single language.

Since there are multiple ways to bind to events, a priority order is defined to determine which mechanism wins. Note that only one of the three above models will be wired to the event. There is no way of sinking the event multiple times with different syntaxes per language. The first instance of binding to an event determines which event handler is used, however the <SCRIPT EVENT= FOR=> takes precedence over the event attribute.

Since many events can fire asynchronously while a HTML document is being loaded, it is important to understand when event handlers are bound, and script so as to catch events early enough. As a general rule the handler and any functions it uses should always be defined and bound as early as possible. VBScript event handlers are bound when then HTML document is loaded, including contained objects and applets. JavaScript event handlers bind with the in-line attributes (e.g. ONCLICK=...) immediately when the element is created; <SCRIPT FOR=...> binding occurs when the HTML document is fully loaded.


1.2.1. <SCRIPT FOR=... EVENT=...> Event Binding

The language independent way to bind to all events is done with the <SCRIPT FOR=... EVENT=... IN=... LANGUAGE=...> element. The attributes of the script tag are used as follows:

FOR	Specifies the ID or name of the control to bind to in the specified name space. The default name space is the window. The binding rule is that first the set of elements with a name are searched. The first attribute matching the name is bound to the event. If no name is found, then the set of ID's is searched. note: JavaScript is case sensitive for specifying the for attribute.
EVENT	Specifies the event and any parameters that may be passed. The parameters are untyped.   For example, EVENT="onmousedown(x,y,shift,button)"  note: JavaScript is case sensitive when it comes to naming events in the event attribute. VBScript requires that all parameters defined for the event be declared, even if they are not used.
IN	The IN operator is used to specify whether the event handler is written within the scope of the document or the scope of a form. Valid values for in are "window" or the name of any form. The default value when IN is omitted is the window object. (for details, see 1.3. Event handler scoping)
LANGUAGE	Specifies the scripting language to use.
This syntax can also be used to define an event handler for a predefined event. For example, to define an event for a H1 with the ID set to 'coolH1':

<SCRIPT FOR=coolH1 EVENT="onclick()" LANGUAGE="vbscript">

' do something when H1 is clicked on

</SCRIPT>

<H1 ID=coolH1>Click here for something cool</H1>

Any custom events that are exposed by embedded objects do not define event handlers as attributes. Instead, they must use a predefined language mechanism, or the binding attributes on the script tag. For example, to respond to the 'ondatechange' event of a hypothetical 'date object', the HTML to bind such an event would look as follows:

<!--Imagine the following object defined the date object-->

<OBJECT ID=myDateObject CLASSID="..dateobject.."></OBJECT>

<SCRIPT FOR=myDateObject EVENT="ondatechange()" LANGUAGE="javascript">

// do something when the date changes

</SCRIPT>


1.2.2. Event Binding Attributes

All pre-defined events are exposed as attributes on the element.

<INPUT TYPE=text onClick="msgbox('hello world')" language="vbScript">

Below is an example of how to write the same event handler in-line on the H1 element:

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="javascript">

function coolH1Click() {

//do something

}

</SCRIPT>

<H1 ONCLICK="coolH1Click()">Click here for something cool</H1>

The predefined event properties can be changed to specify the event handler at any time. For example, to dynamically hook up a function to an event handler, the following code can be written:

<H1 id=coolH1>Click here for something cool</H1>

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="javascript">

function coolH1Click() {

//do something

}

document.all.coolH1.onclick="coolH1Click()"  // evaluate the function each time it is clicked.

</SCRIPT>

Additionally, a function pointer can be assigned to a predefined event property.

<H1 id=coolH1>Click here for something cool</H1>

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="javascript">

function coolH1Click() {

//do something

}

document.all.coolH1.onclick=coolH1Click  // evaluate the function each time it is clicked.

</SCRIPT>


1.2.3. Pre-defined Language Event Binding Mechanism

VBScript supports an alternative syntax for binding events based on the traditional VBA model. This model is not supported using JavaScript. This is done by creating a function or subroutine representing the event to bind to. This model allows multiple events to be specified in a single script block. For example:

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE=VBScript>

Sub coolH1_onclick()

' write the event handler

End Sub

Sub coolH1_onmousedown(x,y,shift,buton)

' write the event handler

End Sub

</SCRIPT>


1.3. Event handler scoping

Depending upon whether a script is written inside a <FORM> container or elsewhere in the document, different scoping rules are applied for executing event handlers and the elements that are available on the Window object. Below list the different scenarios:

When events are fired, the me pointer (this in JavaScript) is set to the current element firing the event.

1) Event handler for a button outside a form

This is the basic case. The developer can use any of the binding mechanisms described earlier. The only rule is that the developer cannot access elements within a form block directly on the window object. Instead, they can access them from the document object or the particular form's elements collection.

2) Event handler not inside the <FORM> block for a button inside of a form

If the button has a unique ID to the entire document, the event handler can be written anywhere within the document. If the event handler is written outside the form block, the same rules for accessing elements on the window object as described above in 1 apply.

3) Event handler inside the <FORM> block for a button inside the form.

If the button's ID is not unique to the document the event handler must be written within the form. When writing event handlers behind the form, using either of the language independent syntaxes (not the vbStyle), changes the scoping rules of the window object. Events defined this way can access elements behind the form directly from the window object. They can also access elements that are outside the form directly as long as they do not conflict with any of the form's element names.

When using the vbStyle syntax, only elements that are not within the form's scope can be accessed as properties of the window.

If there is no unique ID within the form, the first element with the matching ID is boun to the event handler when using the <SCRIPT FOR= EVENT=> or vbstyle mechanism of defining events.

4) Event handler inside the <FORM> block for a button outside the form.

The event handler only executes if the vbstyle syntax is used. Otherwise this code will not execute.

It is possible to write an event handler for multiple elements. This can only be done when the elements are not within the same scope where scope is defined as being inside of the form or not inside the form. For example, writing an event handler for id=genericButton in the document's scope, and adding a genericButton to the document, and another within a form, the same click event is fired in both cases. The me pointer will point to the actual source of the event. These elements do not have to be of the same type for this work.

If multiple elements have the same id and are within the same scope, only the first one fires the event.


2.0. Event Object

window

|

+---event

The event object is exposed as a property of the window object. The event object is accessible to all event handlers and is the language-independent preferred way for handlers to get and modify information about the event. Some of the event object properties are also available as parameters or function return value for compatibility. For many events a return value (see returnValue property below) of false has the effect of cancelling the default action. The event object exposes the following properties:

Property	Permissions	Description
altKey as Boolean	r/o	Returns whether the Alt key is depressed at the time of the event.
button as Long	r/o	Returns bitmask indicating which mouse buttons are depressed at the time of the event: 0 for none, 1 for left, 2 for right, 3 for both
cancelBubble as Boolean	r/w	Sets or returns whether the event should continue to bubble up the containership hierarchy. True value upon return from a handle cancels further event bubbling for that event only.
ctrlKey as Boolean	r/o	Returns whether the Ctrl key is depressed at the time of the event.
fromElement as Element	r/o	Returns the element that the mouse is coming from for the 'onmouseover' and 'onmouseout' events.
keyCode as Integer	r/w	Returns a standard numeric ASCII keycode for key events; if set by 'onkeypress', changes the character sent to the object.
returnValue as Variant	r/w	Sets or returns a return value to the event. This is a language neutral way to return values to events as some languages may not support event notifications as functional routines.
shiftKey as Boolean	r/o	Returns whether the shift key is depressed at the time of the event.
srcElement as Element	r/o	Returns an element object representing the element that first received the notification before it started to bubble.
toElement as Element	r/o	Returns the element that the mouse is going to for the 'onmouseover' and 'onmouseout' events.
x as Long	r/o	Returns the horizontal position of the mouse in respect to the origin of the document's physical location at the time of the event.
y as Long	r/o	Returns the vertical position of the mouse in respect to the origin of the document's physical location at the time of the event.
r/o: Read-Only, r/w: Read-Write

Information in the event object is useful with event bubbling to write a handler at a high level of the document structure to work for numerous elements contained therein. For example, to determine if the user clicked on any H1 element in the document, the following code is written:

<SCRIPT FOR=document EVENT="onclick()" LANGUAGE="javascript">

if ("H1" == event.srcElement.tagName) {

// user clicked on a H1

}

</SCRIPT>

To prevent an anchor from being followed if the shift key is depressed:

<SCRIPT FOR=document EVENT="onclick()" LANGUAGE="vbscript">

if ("A" = event.srcElement.tagName) and event.shift then

event.returnValue = false

end if

</SCRIPT>

To flash the color of the table (id=inside) when a click occurs anywhere over the table:

<SCRIPT FOR=inside EVENT="onclick()" LANGUAGE="javascript">

// any click inside the table will bubble up through the table element

// The code below changes the in-line style to black then

// removes the in-line style to return to the original default color.

// Assumption: table does not originally have the in-line style set.

document.all.inside.style.color = "black"

document.all.inside.style.color = ""

</SCRIPT>


2.1. Returning Values to Events

Some languages support event handlers that return values and others don't. How they are handled is a semantic defined by the scripting language. When a function is used, any return value is usually defined as optional (some language may require a return value). For languages that do not support return values, the event object exposes a returnValue property. If a language supports return values, and both a return value and this property is set, the property takes precedence.

After all event bubbling is complete, if event.returnValue is false (or if this property is not set, the last function return value) then any default action associated with the event is cancelled. When an event returns false, it implies that the developer explicitly chose to handle the event. Therefore, once the event bubbling is completed, the firing of subsequent windows messages is halted. This is to ensure that no side effects occur after the user handles the default. Note that some events do not have default actions associated with them and may use the returnValue (or function return value) otherwise.


2.2. Parameters and the Event Object

All parameters that are passed to the event handlers are also exposed in the arguments array of the event object. The order of the parameters defines the order of the arguments in the array. The arguments array is constructed separately from the parameters being accepted from the event handler. For example:

<script for=mybutton event=onmousemove language=javascript>

// the arguments array still exposes button, shift, x, and y

alert(event.arguments[0])	// the button

</script>

The arguments array can only be accessed by ordinal position. No named elements are exposed. Some languages (i.e. VBScript) may require parameters be declared even though the same information is available as event.arguments array.


3.0. Standard Events

All elements contained within the document's body generate notifications that the developer can respond to. These events are exposed on the generic Element class for events on all elements. The following sections describe keyboard and mouse events that apply to all elements of a document.


3.1. Keyboard Events

Keyboard events are generated when a key is pressed on any element of the document. The onkeydown and onkeyup events fire for each respective key state transition, including shift state keys. The onkeypress event corresponds to the processing of a generated character by user key input. These events are:

Property Name	Description and Parameters (if any, in bold)	ReturnValue
onkeydown	Fired when a key goes down.  keyCode as integer, shift as htmlShift
onkeypress	Fired when a key is pressed. Changing event.keyCode or integer return value changes the character.  keyCode as integer	change keyCode or 0 to cancel
onkeyup	Fired when a key goes up. Note that for a shift key, the key is up and so shift state is off accordingly.  keyCode as integer, shift as htmlShift
onhelp	Occurs when help key (F1) pressed


3.2. Mouse Events

Mouse events are generated for mouse movement or left button clicks. The onmousedown and onmouseup events are fired when the left mouse button transitions down and up; onclick and ondblclick events for single and double clicks (for accessability there is a way to "click" with the keyboard); onmouseover and onmouseout fire when the mouse moves in and out of an element.

Property Name	Description and Parameters (if any, in bold)	ReturnValue
onmousedown	Fired when the left mouse button has gone down over the element.  button as htmlButton, shift as htmlShift, x as long, y as long
onmousemove	Fired when the mouse has moved over the element.  button as htmlButton, shift as htmlShift, x as long, y as long
onmouseup	Fired when the left mouse button has gone up over the element.  button as htmlButton, shift as htmlShift, x as long, y as long
onmouseover	Fired when the mouse has entered the element.
onmouseout	Fired when the mouse has exited the element.
onclick	Fired when the user has clicked the left mouse button on the element. A click event can also occur by hitting 'enter' on a focusable element. The click event follows the 'onmouseup' event when it occurs as a result of a mouse button. Note: For mice that have one button, the button is considered the left mouse button.	false to cancel default action
ondblclick	Fired when the user has double clicked on the element. The timing between what constitutes two click events or a click and a dblclick is determined by the system. The sequence of events for a double click is as follows: 1 onmousedown 2 onmouseup 3 onclick 4 onmouseup 5 ondblclick
The coordinates for all events that expose the x and y position are anchored at the upper left corner of the window. This is to provide consistency across multiple scrolling regions. The one possible exception to this rule is on objects. This is described below.


3.3. 'onmouseover' and 'onmouseout' Event

The 'onmouseover' and 'onmouseout' event fire whenever the cursor crosses a structural boundary. However, rather than fire the event on each boundary element crossed, it is fired on the element node being left, and the element node being entered. For example:

<H1>Move from here</H1>

<P id=myP><B><I>To here</I></B></P>

In the above example, the mouse actually crossed over the boundary of the <P>, <B>, and <I> element. However, the event sequence is simplified to the following: 'onmouseout' on the <H1> (which bubbles up the containership hierarchy), and 'onmouseover' on the <I> element (again bubbling up the containership hierarchy). The 'from' and 'to' properties on the event object return the element objects the mouse is coming from and going to. Through the event bubbling architecture, it is possible to determine each boundary that has been crossed by the mouse move.

The ordering between the 'onmouseover', 'onmousemove', and 'onmouseout' events are as follows:

1	onmouseout - exiting the original element

2	onmousemove - the mouse has moved

3	onmouseover - the mouse has entered the new element


3.4. Focusable Element Events

All elements that can receive focus also fire the following events. These events result from mouse as well as keyboard user input.

Property Name	Description and Parameters (if any, in bold)	ReturnValue
onfocus	The element is receiving the focus.
onblur	The element is losing the focus.


3.5 Events on Objects

The standard events on embedded objects are also bubbled up the hierarchy. When an object fires a standard event, the event is first fired on the object, then we synthesize the event, calculate the x and y offsets, and continue firing the event up the hierarchy. Only the standard event prototypes bubble up the hierarchy. If an object adds additional parameters to the event, they will only be surfaced by the object, and will not be surfaced when the event starts bubbling.

For windows and com supported object, without support the translateCoordinate interface, they may not expose the x and y coordinate in the same manner as the document. This disconnect is because we cannot reliably coerce the x and y parameter without completely replacing the event with a synthesized one. This may not be desirable as an object may expose additional parameters the developer may need. Replacing the event causes any extra parameters to be lost. Note that once the event starts bubbling, the event and coordinates are synthesized correctly.


4.0. Element Specific Events

Some elements expose more events beyond the standard events defined above. These events do not bubble, and have default actions as defined below. This section outlines the current set of additional events.

Property Name	Supported objects	Description and Parameters (if any, in bold)	ReturnValue
onabort	<IMG>	Occurs if the user aborts the download of the image.  An image may be aborted by clicking on a link, hitting the stop button, etc.
onbounce	<MARQUEE>	side as String  Occurs when marquee with behavior=alternate text hits edge, "bottom", "left", "right", or "top"
onchange	<INPUT TYPE=CHECKBOX>  <INPUT TYPE=FILE>  <INPUT TYPE=PASSWORD>  <INPUT TYPE=RADIO>  <INPUT TYPE=TEXT>  <SELECT>  <TEXTAREA>	Occurs when the contents of the object have changed.  This event is fired when the contents are committed, not while the value is changing. For example, on a textbox, this event is not fired while the user is typing, but rather when the user commits their change by hitting ENTER or leaving the textboxes focus.  This code is executed before the code specified by 'onblur', if the control is also losing the focus.
onerror	<IMG>	Occurs when there is an error loading an image element.
onfinish	<MARQUEE>	Occurs when motion is complete.
onload	<IMG>  document  window	Occurs when the element is completely loaded.
onreadystatechange	<APPLET>  <EMBED>  <FRAME>  <IFRAME>  <IMG>  <OBJECT>  <SCRIPT SRC=...> document	Occurs whenever the state of the element has changed. This is a more detailed version of the 'onload' event. Check the readyState property for the element.  The different states that cause this event to fire are:  • loading: The element is loading. • interactive: The element is still loading but is now firing events and can be interacted with • complete: The element is completely loaded. When an element changes to the loaded state, this event fires immediately before the firing of the load event.
onreset	<FORM>	Occurs when a user resets a form (clicks a Reset button). The 'onreset' event handler executes code when a reset event occurs.
onscroll	This only fired on elements that have an overflow mechanism specified through the overflow CSS attribute (or on the <BODY> which defaults to providing an overflow mechanism).	scrollParam as scrollObject Occurs when the element is scrolled.  This event does not bubble.  See scroll object details below.
onselect	<INPUT TYPE=PASSWORD>  <INPUT TYPE=TEXT>  <TEXTAREA>	Occurs when the text selection on a text element changes
onsubmit	<FORM>	Occurs when a form is about to be submitted. The 'onsubmit' event default action is to submit the form.	This event can be overridden by returning false in the event handler. The purpose of this is to allow the developer to do validation of the data on the client side and prevent invalid data from being submitted to the server.
onunload	window	Occurs immediately prior to the page being unloaded.
onselectionchange	document	This event is fired on the document when the user's selection has changed.
onzoom	document	zoomPercent as Integer  This event is fired on the window whenever the window is zoomed.	Return integer to override the percent of zoom


4.1 Load and Readystate Events

There are two events that signify the current state of the document. The onreadyStateChange and the onLoad event. The onreadyStateChange event fires when the document changes from initializing to interactive, and from interactive to loaded. A document is interactive as soon as the user can interact with the document by scrolling or clicking on anchors or elements. A document is loaded when all of the text have been downloaded. The onLoad event fires after the document is loaded and all the elements on the page have been completely downloaded.

Specifying code for the onLoad and onUnload event can be done on the body object. However, these events actually occur on the window. Therefore, when binding to the onload event using the <SCRIPT FOR= EVENT=> Syntax, <SCRIPT FOR=myBody Event=onLoad> will fail. Instead, you must use <SCRIPT FOR=window Event=onLoad>.

A replacement element is defined as an element whose content comes from an external source. For example, images, objects, and the document. The onreadystate event signals changes to the readyState property which is used to determine the current download state of the element.


Other Events

Also see Data Binding specification for events related to those features.


Document Overview
This document is under construction, and is subject to change.

Document Overview

This document describes the object model for manipulating the content portion of the document, and the relationship of the content to the influencing HTML. Programming the document's structure and content is done through the body object. The object model concentrates on programming the document's content by using a "textRange" object. This document discusses how to use the textRange object to reference, manipulate and find text within document content.


TextRange Overview

The programming model represents the document's text and structural influence. Therefore, the best way to understand the concept of a TextRange is to first think about how the document is represented. The following provides a conceptual overview of programming the HTML stream (manipulating the document content) by providing a simple explanation of the internal parser and how it maps to the programming model.

Consider the following simple HTML document fragment:

<BODY>

<H1>Welcome</H1>

<CENTER><H2>Overview<H2></CENTER>

<P>Be sure to <B>Refresh</B> this page.</P>

</BODY>

The above HTML is broken into the following hierarchy:

Stream:     [  [Welcome][  [  Overview  ]  ] [  Be Sure to[ Refresh] this page.]   ]

             |  |      |  |  |        |  |     |           |       |           |  |

Structure:   |  +==H1==+  |  +===H2===+  |     |           +==B====+           |  |

             |     |      |      |       |     |              |                |  |

             |     |      +======+=======+     +==============+================+  |

             |     |             |                            |                   |

             |     |          CENTER                          P                   |

             |     |             |                            |                   |

             \=====+-------------+-------------+--------------+===================/

                                               |

                                              Body

The textRange object returned by the body object represents the stream ("Welcome Overview Be Sure to Refresh this page."). The textRange is a start and end character position into the text stream. The contents between the start and end character can be referenced and manipulated through the properties and methods defined for the textRange object. These properties and methods are discussed in this document and most completely in the Object Model Reference.

The developer needs to explicitly request a textRange object on a stream. The object model never holds onto TextRange objects. The createTextRange method is used to return a new instance of the Range object. This implies that obtaining two ranges from the document's body returns two distinct range objects that can be acted upon independently. Within an HTML document there is at least a single range exposed off the document's body object using the createTextRange method.

The basic model behind the TextRange is as follows:

•	Developer requests the top-level range from the body object. This range represents the text contained within the body of the document.

•	Within the stream there may be special characters that represent an opaque object. Opaque objects include objects, intrinsic controls, and applets. The isEmbed() method is used to check whether the character represents an embedding.

•	Some of these opaque objects may expose their own object model. The developer needs to check the type of element the special character represents (they can check the tag of the element), and then drill through the respective object model.

•	Methods on the textRange can be used to move the start and end positions of the range, search the range, and change all or portions of the range.


The textRange Object

The list below is an overview of the supported properties and methods on the Range object that will be discussed. Refer to the Object Model reference for more details.


Properties

end	Sets or returns the end character position in relation to the entire stream. If this is set less than the start value, then start is also set equal to this value.
start	Sets or returns the start character position in relation to the entire stream. If start is greater than end, then end is also set equal to this value.
htmlSelText	Returns the raw HTML for the selected text.
htmlText	Returns the valid HTML fragment for the text.
text	Sets and Returns the text for the Range without any of the HTML markup.


Methods

commonParentElement	Returns the common parent element for the Range.
executeCommand(cmdID as long, value as variant)	Executes a command on the range. For example, changing the formatting of the text. The following methods provide information when executing command ID's: queryCommandState, queryCommandEnabled, queryCommandText
duplicate	This method returns a copy of the current range.
isEmbed([cp as Integer]) as Boolean	Returns a Boolean that represents whether or not the specified character is an embedded object. If true, the parentElement method can be used to access the embedding.
parentElement([cp as Integer]) as element	Returns the parent node for the specified character. The character position is scoped to the current range.
inRange(compareRange as range) as Boolean	Returns whether the specified range is within or equal to the current range.
isEqual(compareRange as range) as Boolean	Returns whether the specified range is equal to the current range.
scrollIntoView(start as Boolean)	Scrolls the range into view.


Range Movement Methods

The following methods are used to move the area the range spans over. These methods do not physically move any text. The count parameter below is optional and defaults to 1 when not specified.

collapse(start as Boolean) as long	The collapse method allows you to create an empty range either at the beginning or end of the current range.
expand(unit as htmlUnit) as long	The Expand method is used to expand the range so that partial units are completed contained. For example, if a word is partially enclosed in the range, calling expand(htmlWord) causes the entire word to become part of the range.
move(unit as htmlUnit, [Count as variant]) as Long	Used to change the text the range spans over. This does not move any text, but rather is used to change what text the range is over.
moveEnd(unit as htmlUnit, [count as variant]) as long	Causes the range to grow or shrink from the end of the range.
moveStart(unit as htmlUnit, [count as variant]) as long	Causes the range to grow or shrink from the beginning of the range.
setRange(begin as long, end as long)	Sets the range to the ordinal offsets specified by the method. The offsets are within the scope of the current range.


Inserting Text

pasteHTML(string)	Pastes HTML into the current range. The HTML is coerced to fit the current context of the document. There are no failure cases to this method (it will always do its best to insert any HTML).


Referencing Document Content using the textRange

The createTextRange([start],[end]) method is exposed on the body object for accessing the textual content of the document. This method returns an instance of the textRange. For example:

How to obtain the Range:

' VBScript

Dim rDoc

Set rDoc = document.body.createTextRange()

// Javascript

var rDoc=document.body.createTextRange();

The Range is always 0-based. Therefore, character position 0 is before the first character, and character position n is after the last character. For example, if the document's text contains "ABC", and rDoc.start=2 and rDoc.end=3, the range contains 'C'. If rDoc.start=3 and rDoc=3, then the Range is an insertion point positioned after the 'C'.

Repositioning the Range has no effect on the document's layout. No text is being moved. Instead the logical span of text you are viewing in the document is being changed. There are a number of movement related methods to provide fine precision over what contents of the document the range spans over. The Move methods operates on a number of different units: characters, words, sentence and story. In addition to the Move methods, there are methods that allow you to search the content for particular text.


Positioning Using the Move Methods

<BODY>

<P>This is an <I>example</I> range</P>

</BODY>

The Move method allows the start position of the range to be changed. Using the Move method causes the range to collapse to the start position, and the position is moved the specified number of units. The new range is empty.

Dim r

Set r = document.body.createTextRange()

r.move("Word",1)

' The range now is an empty range immediately before the word 'is'.

While the Move method actually repositions the range, the moveStart and moved method resize the current range. For example:

Dim r

Set r = document.body.createTextRange()

r.moveEnd("Word",3)	' The range now contains 'This is an'

r.moveStart("Word",2)	' The range now contains 'an'

r.moveEnd("Character",-1)	' The range now contains 'a'


Units for Positioning the Range

All the move methods have the same prototype:

Range.move (htmlUnit, [count as Variant])

htmlUnit can be any of the following units.

HTMLUnit

character

Word

Sentence

Story


Embedded Objects

The elements below are represented as a special embedding in the parent's stream. To access the text of an embedding, the element object exposes a createTextRange method. (Scripts only expose a text property containing the script text).

•	Intrinsic Controls

•	Embedded Objects and Applets

•	Images

These objects are represented in the stream as a special character. These characters are returned as a space in the range. The developer can check for special characters using the isEmbed() method. Each embedded element can expose an appropriate set of interfaces.

The following are not exposed in the text range, but are exposed in the all collection.

•	Unknown Tags

•	Comments (text of comment exposed through a text property on the element)

•	Scripts (script exposed through a text property on the element)


Manipulating the Document's Content

The content of the Range is exposed through two properties, Text and HTMLText. The Text property can set and return the document's content with no HTML markup information. The HTMLText property returns the content including the raw HTML tags and attribute settings. Manipulating raw HTML requires using the pasteHTML method on the textRange. This method is how new HTML is inserted into the document.


Manipulating text in a document

Using the text propertymethod to insert text will overwrite the text stream contained by the range. In other words, if the current range contains the whole document, r.pasteHTML("New Text") will replace the contents of the document with "New Text", removing everything else in the stream.

Consider this document:

<HTML><BODY>

<H1 ID="TITLE">Welcome to My Page</H1>

<H2>BY: Some Author</H2>

</HTML></BODY>


Scenario 1 - Replace all the text in the document

//javascript

var r=document.body.createTextRange();

text="Please Come Back";

Resulting HTML:

<HTML><BODY>

Please Come Back

</BODY></HTML>

Or if you want the text to include HTML markup:

//javascript

var r=document.body.createTextRange();

pasteHTML("<H1>Please Come Back</H1>");

Resulting HTML:

<HTML><BODY>

<H1>Please Come Back</H1>

</BODY></HTML>

This would replace the contents of the range (in this case, createTextRange returns a range over the whole body, and there has been no manipulation of the start and end points of the range) with the new HTML.


Scenario 2 - Delete the text in the document

Removing the text from a range clears the range. This is done by pasting an empty string with the pasteHTML method. Again, consider the original document.

//javascript

     var r=document.body.createTextRange();

     pasteHTML("");

Resulting HTML:

<HTML><BODY>

</BODY></HTML>


Scenario 2 - Replace the first Header with a new Header

//javascript

      var r=document.rangeFromElement(document.all.MyTitle);

      r.text="The Coolest Home Page";

Resulting HTML:

<HTML><BODY>

<H1 ID="MyTitle">The Coolest Home Page</H1>

<H2>By: SomeAuthor</H2>

</HTML></BODY>


Determining the HTML Context and Style of the Range

The following members help to obtain the HTML context that spans the current range:

•	isEmbed([cp as Integer]) as Boolean

•	parentElement([cp as Integer]) as element

•	commonParentElement as element

The parentElement method returns the element node that directly applies to the specified character in the range. If the character position is not specified, it defaults to the insertion point before the first character. This is necessary for empty ranges.

The commonParentElement property returns the element node that is common to the entire range.

The isEmbed method returns a Boolean representing whether the specified character is an embedding.


rangeFromText

The rangeFromText method on the document can search the document for a specific instance of the word. This method returns a textRange representing the found text or a null object if not found.

•	document.rangeFromText(text as String, Optional count as Long, Optional flags, range as Object) as TextRange

Param	Default if not Supplied	Description
text	Required	The string to search for.
count	search forward	0 search forward  <0 search backwards  =0 search only within the supplied range or selection if no range is supplied.
flags	no flags	Match by word or case. The following two constants can be ANDed together.:  htmlMatchWord  htmlMatchCase
range	Start from current insertion point.	The range to search in.
The following two rules apply to the range and insertion points:

1	If no insertion point, then start from the beginning of the document.

2	If the current range matches the text being searched, the search automatically continues in the specified direction.

// javascript

var r = document.rangeFromText("Look for this")

If (null==r) alert("String Not Found");


rangeFromElement

To obtain ranges over a specified element or node in the tree, the rangeFromElement method is exposed on the Document object. rangeFromElement is used to find the text for any element in the structure.

For example:

<HTML>

<BODY>

<P>Welcome to <B ID=PageName>Scott's</B> Page</P>

</BODY>

</HTML>

To demonstrate how to replace a string and to ensure that the containing elements are removed:

// Javascript

var r = document.rangeFromElement(document.PageName)

r.text= "John's";

' Result: <P>Welcome to <B>John's</B> Page</P>"

' Notice that the bold tag is not removed

' VBScript

Dim r

Set r = document.body.createTextRange()

r.pasteHTML = "Welcome to John's Page"

' Result: <P>Welcome to John's Page</P>

' Since the entire range was replaced, and the <B> block was

' fully enclosed within the Range, the bold tag was removed.

Below is a code fragment which demonstrates how to locate the text for all the H1's in a document through the document's content.

// javascript

var H1s = document.all.tags("H1")

// loop over the collection of H1s

for (var i=0;i<H1s.length;i++)

var r=document.rangeFromElement(H1s[i]);

// r.text contains the text for the H1


Scrolling the Range into View

scrollIntoView([optional top as Boolean])

The scrollIntoView method scrolls the line containing the Range's insertion point into view without changing the current selection. The optional parameter specifies whether the text is scrolled to the first or last line of the screen.


Selecting the TextRange

The Select() method is used to make the current range the selection.


Object Availability

Scripts can be written that execute immediately as the page is being parsed. The range object will return NULL until the entire page is loaded. This is because there is no assurances of a balanced tree until the page is loaded since scripts can exist anywhere in the document. However, all elements that have been loaded prior to the script are available.


Checking the Internet Explorer Version Number
As with any type of programming, writing bug-free, efficient scripts that meet you expectations that take a bit of work. The following sections provide some tips and hints to make that work take less time and go more smoothly.

Checking the Internet Explorer Version Number

Your scripts should always check the version of the client browser so as to degrade gracefully if the browser does not support the new features of Internet Explorer version 4. The easiest way to identify whether the browser is Internet Explorer and determine its version number is to use the following JScript function:

function msieversion()

// return Microsoft Internet Explorer (major) version number, or 0 for others

// This function works by finding the "MSIE " string and extracting the version number

// following the space, up to the decimal point for the minor version which is ignored.

{

var ua = window.navigator.userAgent

var msie = ua.indexOf ( "MSIE " )

if ( msie > 0 )	// is Microsoft Internet Explorer; return version number

return parseInt ( ua.substring ( msie+5, ua.indexOf ( ".", msie ) ) )

else

return 0	// is other browser

}

This function runs on the large majority of browsers and returns the major version number for any Microsoft Internet Explorer browser, or zero for all other browsers. Use of this function assures that the script will be compatible with future versions of Internet Explorer.

Scripts should always check version numbers greater than or equal so as to be compatible with future versions. Existing scripts that check for userAgent equal to "MSIE 3" should be changed to check the version correctly so that these scripts will recognize IE4 which supports all of the functionality of the previous version.

The following example shows how to correctly check the client browser version.

if ( msieversion() >= 4 )

document.write ( "This is IE4 or later - safe to use all IE4 features" )

else if ( msieversion() >= 3 )

document.write ( "This is IE3 - safe to use ActiveX" )

else

document.write ( "This is not IE" )


Cancelling a Button Click

The following HTML example shows a common scripting mistake related to event hooking and default action cancel. The first example is the broken case.

<!-- Try links with different hookups - should be cancelled by "Cancel" to confirm dialog. -->

<br>

<a name=b1 href="http://trident" onclick="askConfirm()">1 Without return (won't work)</a>

<br>

<a name=b2 href="http://trident" onclick="return askConfirm()">2 With return (works)</a>

<br>

<a name=b3 href="http://trident">3 Function pointer (works)</a>

<br>

<SCRIPT>

function askConfirm()

{

return window.confirm ("Choose OK to follow hyperlink, Cancel to not.")

}

b3.onclick=askConfirm

</SCRIPT>

Without the return in the onclick JavaScript expression, the browser interprets the function expression - throws away the resultant value (this is just a statement consisting of an expression, no assignment, etc.) - and hence the default action is unaffected.

Others correctly hook the return value to the event mechanism, hence the default action can be cancelled when false is returned.


Object Hierarchy
These topics list the set of objects defined by Dynamic HTML. The links below take you to the object definition where you will find the set of members for the object.

Object Hierarchy

window

   |

   +---location

   |

   +---frames

   |

   +---history

   |

   +---navigator

   |

   +---event

   |

   +---visual

   |

   +---document

            |

            +---links

            |

            +---anchors

            |

            +---images

            |

            +---forms

            |

            +---applets

            |

            +---embeds

            |

            +---plugins

            |

            +---frames

            |

            +---scripts

            |

            +---all

            |

            +---selection

            |

            +---body


Range Objects

TextRange


Elements

style Object

A	ADDRESS	APPLET	AREA
B	BASE	BASEFONT	BGSOUND	BIG	BLOCKQUOTE
BODY	BR	BUTTON	CAPTION	CENTER	CITE
CODE	COL	COLGROUP	COMMENT	DD	DFN
DIR	DIV	DL	DT	EM	EMBED
	FONT	FORM	FRAME	FRAMESET	H1
H2	H3	H4	H5	H6	HEAD
HR	HTML	I	IFRAME	IMG	INPUT
KBD	LABEL	LI	LINK	LISTING	MAP
MARQUEE	MENU			NOBR	NOFRAMES
NOSCRIPT	OBJECT	OL	OPTION	P	PARAM
PLAINTEXT	PRE	S	SAMP	SCRIPT	SELECT
SMALL	SPAN	STRIKE	STRONG	STYLE	SUB
SUP	TABLE	TBODY	TD	TEXTAREA	TFOOT
TH	THEAD	TITLE	TR	TT	U
UL	VAR	WBR	XMP


Input Types

button	checkbox		hidden	image	password
radio	reset	submit	text


dialog Object

Exposes information about the HTML Dialog.

The dialog object is the special window object created by the window.showModalDialog() method. From within the dialog window, scripts reference the dialog object as the top level window property. There is no such dialog property in the dialog.

Properties

width, height, dialogArgs, retval,

Methods

close


document Object

The document object exposes the contents of the HTML document through a number of collections and properties.

The document object represents the HTML tag in the tree structure.

Properties

alinkColor, linkColor, vlinkColor, mimeType, title, bgColor, link, vLink, aLink, cookie, lastModified, charset, location, referrer, fgColor, activeElement, strReadyState, domain, URL, fileSize, fileCreatedDate, fileModifiedDate, fileUpdatedDate,

Collections

anchors, forms, links, all, scripts, images, applets, frames, embeds, plugins

Methods

close, open, clear, write, writeln, rangeFromText, rangeFromElement, execCommand, queryCommandEnabled, queryCommandText, elementFromPoint, queryCommandSupported, queryCommandState, queryCommandIndeterm, createElement

Events

onclick, onmouseover, ondblclick, onkeypress, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseup, onkeydown, onkeyup, onmouseout, onreadystatechange, onhelp, onbeforeupdate, onafterupdate


event Object

The global event object exposed for accessing an event's parameters.

Properties

keyCode, fromElement, toElement, button, cancelBubble, srcElement, x, y, shiftKey, ctrlKey, altKey, returnValue


history Object

The history object contains information on the URLs that the client has visited.

Properties

length

Methods

back, forward, go


location Object

The location object contains information on the current URL.

Properties

hash, host, hostname, href, pathname, port, protocol, search

Methods

reload, replace


MimeType Object

Returns the MIME datatype.

Properties

description, enabledPlugin, name, suffixes


navigator Object

The object representing the browser.

Properties

appName, appVersion, appCodeName, userAgent, cookieEnabled, javaEnabled


selection Object

Returns the active selection on the screen.

Properties

type

Methods

clear, empty, createRange


style Object

An individual style element within a stylesheet.

Properties

background, borderTopColor, borderRightColor, borderBottomColor, borderLeftColor, borderTopWidth, borderRightWidth, borderBottomWidth, borderLeftWidth, visibility, font, textDecoration, verticalAlign, textTransform, backgroundColor, backgroundImage, backgroundRepeat, backgroundAttachment, fontSize, fontFamily, fontWeight, lineHeight, color, letterSpacing, fontStyle, textAlign, textIndent, marginLeft, marginRight, marginTop, marginBottom, display, clear, left, top, width, height, borderLeftStyle, borderRightStyle, borderTopStyle, borderBottomStyle, textDecorationUnderline, textDecorationOverline, textDecorationLineThrough, fontVariant, cssText, border, margin, zIndex, overflow, posTop, posLeft, posWidth, posHeight

Methods

getMember


TextRange Object

The range object represents the text stream of the HTML document.

Properties

text, htmlText, end, start, htmlSelText

Methods

queryCommandSupported, queryCommandIndeterm, duplicate, inRange, isEqual, scrollIntoView, collapse, expand, move, moveEnd, moveStart, setRange, select, parentElement, commonParentElement, execCommand, queryCommandEnabled, queryCommandText, isEmbed, queryCommandState, pasteHTML


visual Object

Information about the client's screen and rendering abilities.

Properties

bufferDepth, colorDepth, hres, vres


window Object

The window property refers to the current window.

Use the window property to disambiguate a property of the window object from a form of the same name. You can also use the window property to make your code more readable.

Properties

name, length, parent, self, top, status, defaultStatus, opener, closed

Collections

frames

Methods

item, navigate, blur, focus, alert, confirm, prompt, setTimeout, clearTimeout, close, open, scroll, showModalDialog

Events

onfocus, onload, onunload, onblur, onhelp,


Element objects represent the individual HTML elements in a document. Each object maps to a corresponding HTML tag and includes properties that match the attributes for the tag. You can use the element objects in your scripts to examine and modify the tags and their attributes.

The following sections describe the element objects and list the properties, methods, and events associated with each. For a complete understanding of these objects, also refer to the descriptions of the individual HTML tags in HTML Elements.

Note  Unlike other objects, you can not use the name of the element object to access the object. Instead, you must retrieve the object from a collection, such as the all collection.

A

Anchor elements designate the start or destination of a hypertext link. The Anchor element requires the href or the name property to be specified.

Text and/or images may be within an anchor. To represent images that are anchors, a border in the visited or not visited color is displayed.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, accessKey, href, id, language, Methods, name, style, target, title, urn

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onafterupdate, onbeforeupdate, onblur, onclick, ondblclick, onfocus, onhelp, onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


ADDRESS

The Address element is used to specify information such as address, signature and authorship.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


APPLET

Places executable content on the page.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, codeBase, disabled

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onafterupdate, onbeforeupdate, onhelp, onkeydown


AREA

Specifies the shape of a "hot spot" in a client-side image MAP.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, coords, href, id, name, noHref, shape, style, target, title

Methods

scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onafterupdate, onbeforeupdate, onblur, onclick, ondblclick, onfocus, onhelp, onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


B

The Bold element specifies that the text should be rendered in boldface, where available.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


BASE

Specifies the document's base URL.

Base is used to ensure that your document is not reviewed out of context.

This element may only be used within the HEAD element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, href, target, title


BASEFONT

Sets a base font value to be used as the default font when rendering text.

This element may only be used within the HEAD element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, color, face, id, size, title


BGSOUND

The BGSOUND element allows you to create pages with background sounds or "soundtracks."

This element may only be used within the HEAD element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, loop, src, title


BIG

Specifies that the enclosed text should be displayed in a relatively bigger font than the current font.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


BLOCKQUOTE

Sets apart a quotation in text.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


BODY

Specifies beginning and end of document body.

The BODY element is exposed as the BODY property on the document object.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, aLink, background, bgColor, bgProperties, id, leftMargin, link, scroll, style, text, title, topMargin, vLink

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onafterupdate, onbeforeupdate, onblur, onclick, ondblclick, onfocus, onhelp, onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup, onscroll


BR

Inserts a line break.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, clear, id, style, title


BUTTON

The contents are rendered as a HTML button.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, accessKey, dataFld, dataFormatAs, dataSrc, disabled, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onafterupdate, onbeforeupdate, onblur, onclick, ondblclick, onfocus, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


CAPTION

Specifies a caption for a TABLE .

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, id, style, title, vAlign

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


CENTER

Causes subsequent text and images to be centered.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


CITE

Renders text in italics.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


CODE

Specifies a code sample.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


COL

Used to specify column based defaults for the table properties.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, id, span, style, title, vAlign, width

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


COLGROUP

Used as a container for a group of columns.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, id, span, style, title, vAlign, width


COMMENT

Indicates a comment that will not be displayed.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, title


DD

The definition in a definition list. Usually indented from the definition list.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


DFN

Indicates the defining instance of a term.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


DIR

Denotes a directory list.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


DIV

The DIV element is used with the className property to represent different kinds of containers.

This element is a block element.

Properties

dataFld, dataFormatAs, dataSrc, className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onafterupdate, onbeforeupdate, onblur, onclick, ondblclick, onfocus, onhelp, onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


DL

Denotes a definition list.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, compact, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


DT

A definition term within a definition list.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


EM

Used to emphasize text. Usually renders text in italics.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


EMBED

Allows you to embed documents of any type. The user needs to have an application which can view the data installed correctly on their machine.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, accessKey, align, height, id, style, title, width

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onafterupdate, onbeforeupdate, onblur, onclick, ondblclick, onfocus, onhelp, onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, onload, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup, onreadystatechange


FONT

Specifies a new font face, size, and color to be used for rendering the enclosed text.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, color, face, id, size, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


FORM

Specifies that the contained controls take part in a form.

When programming the form, all control-like elements are added to the form as named items. In addition, these items are exposed through the Item method on the form.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, action, id, method, name, style, target, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup, onreset, onsubmit


FRAME

Specifies an individual frame within a FRAMESET .

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, borderColor, frameBorder, height, id, marginHeight, marginWidth, name, noResize, scrolling, src, title, width

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onfocus, onload, onunload


FRAMESET

Specifies a frameset. Framesets are used to organize multiple frames and nested framesets.

A frameset organizes multiple frames on the screen. Only FRAME , nested FRAMESET , and the NOFRAMES elements are valid within a frameset..

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, border, borderColor, cols, frameBorder, frameSpacing, id, rows, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onblur, onclick, ondblclick, onfocus, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


H1

Render text as a heading style.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


H2

Render text as a heading style.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


H3

Render text as a heading style.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


H4

Render text as a heading style.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


H5

Render text as a heading style.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


H6

Render text as a heading style.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


HEAD

An unordered collection of information about the document.

The HEAD provides information that does not effect the rendering of the document, but may be of use to the browser. The HEAD falls before the BODY of the document is specified. The following elements are valid in the HEAD block:

•	BASE

•	LINK

•	TITLE

•	BASEFONT

•	BGSOUND

The TITLE element is the only information that is required as part of a HEAD block.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title


HR

Draws a horizontal rule.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, color, id, noShade, size, src, style, title, width

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


HTML

This element identifies the document as containing HTML elements.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, title


I

The Italic element specifies that the text should be rendered in italic font, where available.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


IFRAME

Used to create in-line floating frames.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, border, borderColor, frameBorder, frameSpacing, height, hspace, id, marginHeight, marginWidth, name, noResize, scrolling, src, style, title, vspace, width

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onblur, onfocus


IMG

Embeds an image or a video clip in the document.

Properties

dataFld, dataSrc, className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, alt, border, dynsrc, height, hspace, id, isMap, loop, lowsrc, name, src, style, title, useMap, vrml, vspace, width

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onabort, onafterupdate, onbeforeupdate, onblur, onclick, ondblclick, onerror, onfocus, onhelp, onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, onload, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup, onreadystatechange


INPUT

Specifies a form input control.

Properties

dataFld, dataSrc, className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, accessKey, align, disabled, id, language, maxLength, name, readOnly, size, style, tabIndex, title, type, value

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onafterupdate, onbeforeupdate, onblur, onchange, onclick, ondblclick, onfocus, onhelp, onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup , onselect


KBD

Renders text in fixed-width font.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


LABEL

Specifies a label for a control-like element.

Labels cannot be nested.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, accessKey, For, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


LI

Denotes one item of a list.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, id, style, title, type, value

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


LINK

Used to specify a typed hyperlink between the document and some other resource.

This element may only be used within the HEAD element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, href, Methods, name, rel, rev, target, title, type, urn


LISTING

Renders text in fixed-width type.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


MAP

Specifies a collection of hot spots for a client-side image map

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


MARQUEE

The MARQUEE element enables you to create a scrolling text marquee.

Properties

dataFld, dataFormatAs, dataSrc, className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, behavior, bgColor, direction, height, hspace, id, loop, scrollAmount, scrollDelay, style, title, vspace, width

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onafterupdate, onbeforeupdate, onbounce, onclick, ondblclick, onfinish, onhelp, onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup, onstart


MENU

Specifies that the following block consists of individual items.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


NOBR

Renders text without line breaking.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title


NOFRAMES

Used to contain HTML for browsers that do not support FRAMESET.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title


NOSCRIPT

Specifies HTML to be displayed in browsers that do not support scripting.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, title


OBJECT

Inserts an object onto the HTML page.

This element is a block element.

Properties

dataFld, dataSrc, className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, accessKey, align, classid, code, codeBase, codeType, data, disabled, height, id, name, style, tabIndex, title, type, width

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onafterupdate, onbeforeupdate, onblur, onclick, ondblclick, onfocus, onhelp, onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, onload, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup, onreadystatechange, onrowenter, onrowexit


OL

Draws lines of text as an ordered list.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, compact, id, start, style, title, type

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


OPTION

Denotes one choice in a select list.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, selected, title, value


P

Denotes a paragraph.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, id, style, title, width

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


PARAM

Used with the Object element to set properties.

The PARAM element is not exposed as an element in the all collection. Instead, params are usually exposed as properties of the object (it is up to the object to expose them). The properties listed for PARAM are only available when specifying the HTML.

Properties

dataFld, dataSrc, className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, data, name, object, ref, title, value


PLAINTEXT

Renders text in fixed-width type without processing tags.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


PRE

Renders text in fixed-width type.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title, width

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


S

Renders text in strikethrough type.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


SAMP

Specifies a code sample.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


SCRIPT

Specifies a script for the page that will be interpreted by a script engine.

Code within the SCRIPT block that are not contained within a function are executed immediately as the page is loaded. To keep scripts from being displayed on down-level browsers, the SCRIPT block should be nested within a comment block.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, event, For, id, In, language, library, title


SELECT

Denotes a list box or dropdown list.

Properties

dataFld, dataSrc, className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, accessKey, align, disabled, id, language, multiple, name, readOnly, size, style, tabIndex, title, type

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onafterupdate, onbeforeupdate, onblur, onchange, onclick, ondblclick, onfocus, onhelp, onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


SMALL

Specifies that the enclosed text should be displayed with a relatively smaller font than the current font.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


SPAN

This does not have any structural role or established rendering convention. It allows a user to define their own method of rendering using style sheets.

Properties

dataFld, dataFormatAs, dataSrc, className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


STRIKE

Renders text in strikethrough type.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


STRONG

Renders text in boldface.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


STYLE

Specifies the style sheet for the page.

This element may be used within the HEAD and BODY elements.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, title, type


SUB

The enclosed text should be displayed in subscript, and using a smaller font than the current font.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


SUP

The enclosed text should be displayed in SuperScript and in a smaller font relative to the current font.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


TABLE

Used to specify that the contained content is organized into a table with rows and columns.

Valid elements within a table include:

•	TR

•	CAPTION

•	THEAD

•	TBODY

•	TFOOT

•	COLGROUP

•	COL

This element is a block element.

Properties

dataSrc, className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, background, bgColor, border, borderColor, borderColorDark, borderColorLight, cellPadding, cellSpacing, cols, frame, height, id, rules, style, title, width

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onafterupdate, onbeforeupdate, onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


TBODY

Used to designate rows as the body of the table.

This element is exposed for all tables, even if the table did not explicitly define a TBODY element.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, bgColor, id, style, title, vAlign

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


TD

Specifies a cell in a table.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, background, bgColor, borderColor, borderColorDark, borderColorLight, colSpan, height, id, noWrap, rowSpan, style, title, vAlign, width

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onafterupdate, onbeforeupdate, onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


TEXTAREA

Specifies a multi-line text input control.

The default font is fixed pitch.

Properties

dataFld, dataSrc, className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, accessKey, align, cols, disabled, id, name, readOnly, rows, style, tabIndex, title, type

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onafterupdate, onbeforeupdate, onblur, onchange, onclick, ondblclick, onfocus, onhelp, onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup , onselect


TFOOT

Used to designate rows as the table's footer.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, bgColor, id, style, title, vAlign

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


TH

Specifies a header column. Header columns are centered within the cell and are bold.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, background, bgColor, borderColor, borderColorDark, borderColorLight, colSpan, height, id, noWrap, rowSpan, style, title, vAlign, width

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onafterupdate, onbeforeupdate, onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


THEAD

Used to designate rows as the table's header.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, bgColor, id, style, title, vAlign

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


TITLE

Identifies the contents of the document in a global context.

This element may only be used within the HEAD element.

This element is a block element.

This element is required.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, title


TR

Specifies a row in a table.

Within a row, the following elements are valid:

•	TD

•	TH

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, bgColor, borderColor, borderColorDark, borderColorLight, height, id, style, title, vAlign

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


TT

Renders text in fixed-width type.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


U

Renders text underlined.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


UL

Draws lines of text as a bulleted list.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, compact, id, src, style, title, type

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


VAR

Renders text as a small fixed-width font.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


WBR

Inserts a soft line break in a block of NOBR text.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, id, style, title


XMP

Renders text in fixed-width type used for example text.

This element is no longer recommended. Instead, the PRE or SAMP elements should be used.

This element is a block element.

Properties

className, docHeight, docLeft, docTop, docWidth, parentElement, sourceIndex, tagName, align, id, style, title

Methods

removeMember, scrollIntoView, contains, getMember, setMember

Events

onclick, ondblclick, onhelp, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup


add Method

object.add( element [, index])

Adds an element to the collection.

•	No return value.

element

(pAddElement) The element that is being added or removed from the document.

index

Optional. Specifies the index of the item to add or remove..

Applies To

areas, options, SELECT


alert Method

object.alert([message])

Displays an Alert dialog box with a message and an OK button.

•	No return value.

message

Optional. (String) The string to display.

You have no control over the title bar of the Alert box.

Applies To

window


back Method

object.back( )

Loads the previous URL in the history list.

•	No return value.

This method performs the same action as a user choosing the Back button in the browser.. The back method is the same as history.go(-1). Trying to go past the beginning of the history does not generate an error. Instead, you are left at the current page.

Applies To

history


blur Method

object.blur

This method causes a control to lose focus and fires the onblur event.

•	No return value.

Applies To

FRAME, FRAMESET, INPUT, SELECT, TEXTAREA, window, BUTTON


clear Method

object.clear( )

This is a no-op. This method is supported by NS but fails to work consistently.

•	No return value.

Applies To

document


clear Method

object.clear

Clears the contents of the selection.

•	No return value.

Applies To

selection


clearTimeout Method

object.clearTimeout(timeoutID)

Cancels a timeout that was set with the setTimeout method.

•	No return value.

timeoutID

(Long) timeoutID is a timeout setting that was returned by a previous call to the setTimeout method.

Applies To

window


click Method

object.click

This method simulates a click causing the function code by onclick to execute.

•	No return value.

Applies To

INPUT, TEXTAREA


close Method

object.close

Closes an output stream and forces data sent to layout to display.

•	No return value.

Applies To

document


close Method

object.close

This method closes the current browser window.

•	No return value.

Applies To

window, dialog


collapse Method

object.collapse([start])

The collapse method allows you to create an empty range either at the beginning or end of the current range.

•	No return value.

start

Optional. (Boolean) Whether to go to the beginning or end of the range for the operation.. If false, then go to the end, else go to the beginning.

true 	(-1)

false 	(0)

Applies To

TextRange


commonParentElement Method

Element = object.commonParentElement( )

Returns the common element for the range or TableRange.

•	Returns an element.

Applies To

TextRange


confirm Method

object.confirm([message])

Displays a Confirm dialog box with the specified message and OK and Cancel buttons.

•	No return value.

message

Optional. (String) The string to display.

You have no control over the dialog boxes title.

Applies To

window


contains Method

Boolean = object.contains( element)

Returns whether or not the supplied element is a sibling of the current element.

•	Returns Boolean

element

(pAddElement) The element that is being added or removed from the document.

Applies To

!-- --, A, ADDRESS, APPLET, AREA, B, BASE, BASEFONT, BGSOUND, BIG, BLOCKQUOTE, BODY, BR, BUTTON, CAPTION, CENTER, CITE, CODE, COL, COLGROUP, COMMENT, DD, DFN, DIR, DIV, DL, DT, EM, EMBED, FONT, FORM, FRAME, FRAMESET, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, HEAD, HR, HTML, I, IFRAME, IMG, INPUT, KBD, LABEL, LI, LINK, LISTING, MAP, MARQUEE, MENU, NOBR, NOFRAMES, NOSCRIPT, OBJECT, OL, OPTION, P, PARAM, PLAINTEXT, PRE, S, SAMP, SCRIPT, SELECT, SMALL, SPAN, STRIKE, STRONG, STYLE, SUB, SUP, TABLE, TBODY, TD, TEXTAREA, TFOOT, TH, THEAD, TITLE, TR, TT, U, UL, VAR, WBR, XMP, Hidden, text


createElement Method

element = object.createElement tag

Creates an instance of the element object for the specified tag.

•	Returns an element.

tag

(String) Specifies the tag.

Settings

Only IMG, OPTION, and AREA tags are supported. Supplying an unsupported tag returns a null element object.

Applies To

document


createRange Method

object.createRange

Returns a copy of the currently selected range.

•	No return value.

This method returns either a table, text, or structure range depending upon what is selected.

Applies To

selection


createTextRange Method

TextRange = object.createTextRange([begin [, end]])

Returns a range over the specified stream.

•	Returns TextRange

begin

Optional. (Long) Specifies the start position in the story.

end

Optional. (Long) Specifies the end position in the story.

Applies To

BODY, DIV, MARQUEE, TD, TH, BUTTON, TEXTAREA


duplicate Method

TextRange = object.duplicate( )

This method returns a duplicate of the range.

•	Returns TextRange

Applies To

TextRange


elementFromPoint Method

Element = object.elementFromPoint(x, y)

Returns the element for the specified x and y coordinate.

•	Returns an element.

x

(Integer) Specifies the x-offset in pixels.

y

(Integer) Specifies the y-offset in pixels.

Coordinate are supplied in window coordinates (0,0 is the top-left corner of the window).

Applies To

document


empty Method

object.empty

Deselects the current selection, sets the selection type to htmlSelectionNone, and sets the item property to null.

•	No return value.

Applies To

selection


execCommand Method

boolean = object.execCommand(command [, value [, bool]])

Executes a command over the selection or Range.

•	Returns boolean

command

(Integer) Specifies the command to query or execute.

value

Optional. (Variant) The value to assign.

bool

Optional. (Boolean) Specifies whether to display any UI if necessary. Defaults to true.

true 	(-1)

false 	(0)

Settings

This method returns whether or not the method executed successfully.

Applies To

document, TextRange


expand Method

Boolean = object.expand(unit)

The Expand method is used to expand the range so that partial units are completed contained. For example, if a word is partially enclosed in the range, calling Expand(WORD) causes the entire word to become part of the range.

•	Returns Boolean

unit

(htmlUnit) Specifies the units to move in the range.

htmlUnitWord 	word(2) Moves a word.

htmlUnitCharacter 	character(1) Moves a character.

htmlUnitSentence 	sentence(3)

htmlUnitStory 	story(6)

Settings

Returns whether or not the expand was successful.

Applies To

TextRange


focus Method

object.focus( )

This method causes a control to receive the focus and executes the code specified by onfocus .

•	No return value.

Applies To

A, BODY, APPLET, FRAME, FRAMESET, EMBED, INPUT, IFRAME, SELECT, IMG, TEXTAREA, OBJECT window, text, BUTTON


forward Method

object.forward( )

Loads the next URL in the history list.

•	No return value.

This method performs the same action as a user choosing the Forward button in the browser. The forward method is the same as history.go(1). Trying to go past the end of the history does not generate an error. Instead, you are left at the current page.

Applies To

history


getMember Method

Variant = object.getMember( propName)

Returns the value of the property.

•	Returns Variant

propName

The name of the property.

Applies To

!-- --, A, ADDRESS, APPLET, AREA, B, BASE, BASEFONT, BGSOUND, BIG, BLOCKQUOTE, BODY, BR, BUTTON, CAPTION, CENTER, CITE, CODE, COL, COLGROUP, COMMENT, DD, DFN, DIR, DIV, DL, DT, EM, EMBED, FONT, FORM, FRAME, FRAMESET, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, HEAD, HR, HTML, I, IFRAME, IMG, INPUT, KBD, LABEL, LI, LINK, LISTING, MAP, MARQUEE, MENU, NOBR, NOFRAMES, NOSCRIPT, OBJECT, OL, OPTION, P, PARAM, PLAINTEXT, PRE, S, SAMP, SCRIPT, SELECT, SMALL, SPAN, STRIKE, STRONG, STYLE, SUB, SUP, TABLE, TBODY, TD, TEXTAREA, TFOOT, TH, THEAD, TITLE, TR, TT, U, UL, VAR, WBR, XMP style


go Method

object.go(delta | location)

Loads a URL in the history list.

•	No return value.

delta | location

delta is an integer representing a relative position in the history list.
 location is a string representing all or part of a URL in the history list.

Trying to go past the beginning or end of the history does not generate an error. Instead, you are left at the current page.

Applies To

history


inRange Method

boolean = object.inRange(compareRange)

Returns whether the specified range is within or equal to the current range.

•	Returns boolean

compareRange

(TextRange) Specifies a range object.

Applies To

TextRange


isEmbed Method

Boolean = object.isEmbed([cp])

Returns whether the specified character in the range is an embedding.

•	Returns Boolean

cp

Optional. (Integer) The specified character position.

Applies To

TextRange


isEqual Method

boolean = object.isEqual(compareRange)

Returns whether the specified range is equal to the current range.

•	Returns boolean

compareRange

(TextRange) Specifies a range object.

Applies To

TextRange


item Method

element = object.item(index [, subindex])

Returns the element or collection at the position specified by the given index. The object must be a collection. The optional subindex can be used only if the item at index is itself a collection.

•	Returns an element or collection.

index

(Variant) Specifies the ordinal or named index position into the collection.

subindex

Optional. (Variant) Specifies the position into the collection if a collection is returned.

Settings

Either an ordinal position or the indexed name of the item is return.

Applies To

frames, anchors, forms, links, all, scripts, images, applets, window, frames, embeds, areas, elements, plugins, FORM


move Method

Long = object.move(unit [, count])

Used to change the text the range spans over. This does not move any text, but rather is used to change what text the range is over.

•	Returns Long

unit

(htmlUnit) Specifies the units to move in the range.

htmlUnitWord 	word(2) Moves a word.

htmlUnitCharacter 	character(1) Moves a character.

htmlUnitSentence 	sentence(3)

htmlUnitStory 	story(6)

count

Optional. (Long) Specifies the number of units to move. This can be positive or negative. When omitted, defaults to 1.

Settings

Returns the number of units the end was actually moved.

Applies To

TextRange


moveEnd Method

Long = object.moveEnd(unit [, count])

Causes the range to grow or shrink from the end of the range.

•	Returns Long

unit

(htmlUnit) Specifies the units to move in the range.

htmlUnitWord 	word(2) Moves a word.

htmlUnitCharacter 	character(1) Moves a character.

htmlUnitSentence 	sentence(3)

htmlUnitStory 	story(6)

count

Optional. (Long) Specifies the number of units to move. This can be positive or negative. When omitted, defaults to 1.

Settings

Returns the actual number of units moved.

Applies To

TextRange


moveStart Method

Long = object.moveStart(unit [, count])

Causes the range to grow or shrink from the beginning of the range.

•	Returns Long

unit

(htmlUnit) Specifies the units to move in the range.

htmlUnitWord 	word(2) Moves a word.

htmlUnitCharacter 	character(1) Moves a character.

htmlUnitSentence 	sentence(3)

htmlUnitStory 	story(6)

count

Optional. (Long) Specifies the number of units to move. This can be positive or negative. When omitted, defaults to 1.

Settings

Returns the actual number of units moved.

Applies To

TextRange


navigate Method

object.navigate URL

Equivalent to the window.location.href property.

•	No return value.

URL

(String) The URL to be displayed.

This method is only available to VBScript.

Applies To

window


open Method

Window = object.open(URL [, features [, name]])

Opens a new web browser window.

•	Returns Window

URL

(String) The URL to be displayed.

features

Optional. (String) Specifies the window ornaments to display. The table below lists the supported features.

Window.open showModalDialog and showHelp features support

Attr	Values	IE3/IE4	Description	Open	Dialog	Help
toolbar	yes/no/1/0	IE3/IE4	The browser toolbar (back and forward buttons etc)	yes	no	no
location	yes/no/1/0	IE3/IE4	The input field for entering URLs directly into the browser	yes	no	no
directories	yes/no/1/0	IE3/IE4	Directory buttons	yes	no	no
status	yes/no/1/0	IE3/IE4	status line at bottom of window	yes	yes	yes
menubar	yes/no/1/0	IE3/IE4	menu bar	yes	no	no
scrollbars	yes/no/1/0	IE3/IE4	Enables horizontal and vertical scrollbars.	yes	yes	yes
resizeable	yes/no/1/0	IE3/IE4	Whether resize handles appear at the edge	yes	yes	yes
width	pixel	IE3/IE4	width of window - defaults to pixels	yes	yes	yes
height	pixel	IE3/IE4	height of window in pixels	yes	yes	yes
top	pixel	IE3/IE4	top position in pixels wrt desktop	yes	yes	yes
left	pixel	IE3/IE4	left position in pixels wrt desktop	yes	yes	yes
center	yes/no/1/0	IE4	centered wrt desktop	yes	yes	yes
font	font-family
font-size
font-weight
font-style		IE4	syntax should look like CSS. For example font:3;font-size:4 To define multiple font values, use multiple font attributes.	yes	yes	yes
edgeStyle	raised/sunken	IE4	Style for the window border	yes	yes	yes
borderSize	thick/thin	IE4	Size of the border around the window	yes	yes	yes
helpIcon	yes/no/1/0	IE4	whether the help icon appears in the title bar	yes	yes	yes
minimize	yes/no/1/0	IE4	whether the minimize button appears in the title bar	yes	yes	yes
maximize	yes/no/1/0	IE4	whether the maximize button appears in the title bar	yes	yes	yes
systemMenu	yes/no/1/0	IE4	whether the system menu is available from the border icon	yes	yes	yes
name

Optional. (Integer) The name of the window.

Applies To

window


open Method

object.open([mimeType])

Opens a stream to collect the output of write or writeln methods.

•	No return value.

mimeType

Optional. (String) Specifies the mime type for the stream

Applies To

document


parentElement Method

element = object.parentElement([cp])

This method returns the parent for the specified character in the range.

•	Returns and element.

cp

Optional. (Integer) The specified character position.

Settings

Omitting the character position returns the parent for the position preceding the first character.

Applies To

TextRange


pasteHTML Method

object.pasteHTML htmlText

Pastes HTML into the current range.

•	No return value.

htmlText

(String) The HTML text to paste into the document.

The html is coerced to fit the current context of the document. There are no failure cases to this method (it will always do its best to insert any html).

Applies To

TextRange


prompt Method

object.prompt([message [, inputDefault]])

Displays a Prompt dialog box with a message and an input field.

•	No return value.

message

Optional. (String) The string to display.

inputDefault

Optional. (String) inputDefault is a string or integer that represents the default value of the input field.

If the inputdefault parameter is not supplied, the dialog box displays the value <undefined>. You have no control over the title of the prompt box.

Applies To

window


queryCommandEnabled Method

Boolean = object.queryCommandEnabled(command)

Returns whether the command is available.

•	Returns Boolean

command

(Integer) Specifies the command to query or execute.

Applies To

document, TextRange


queryCommandIndeterm Method

Boolean = object.queryCommandIndeterm(command)

Returns whether the command is in the indeterminate state.

•	Returns Boolean

command

(Integer) Specifies the command to query or execute.

Applies To

TextRange, document


queryCommandState Method

Boolean = object.queryCommandState(command)

Returns the current state of the command id.

•	Returns Boolean

command

(Integer) Specifies the command to query or execute.

Settings

Returns true, false, or null, where NULL is indeterminate.

Applies To

document, TextRange


queryCommandSupported Method

Boolean = object.queryCommandSupported(command)

Returns whether the current command is on or off.

•	Returns Boolean

command

(Integer) Specifies the command to query or execute.

Applies To

TextRange, document


queryCommandText Method

String = object.queryCommandText(command)

Returns the string associated with a command.

•	Returns String

command

(Integer) Specifies the command to query or execute.

Settings

Returns null if unsupported.

Applies To

document, TextRange


rangeFromElement Method

TextRange = object.rangeFromElement(locateElement)

Returns a textRange for the specified element.

•	Returns TextRange

locateElement

(Element) Specifies the element object to locate.

If the element is not found, a null object is returned.

Applies To

document


rangeFromText Method

TextRange = object.rangeFromText(text [, count [, flags [, range]]])

This method searches for text in the range .

•	Returns TextRange

text

(String) The text or tag to find.

count

Optional. (Long) Specifies whether to search forward, backwards, or within the current range. Positive numbers go forward, negative backwards, 0 stays within the current range.

flags

Optional. (htmlFindFlags) The Flags parameter is used to qualify the search. The valid values may be specified in any combination.

2 	Searches for an entire word, not a subset of the word.

4 	Performs the search case-sensitive.

range

Optional. (object) The range to search within.

Settings

This method can take any of the three types of ranges and searches the contents for the specified text. If found, this method returns a textRange representing the text. otherwise this method returns an empty textRange.

If no textRange is supplied, the search starts at the current insertion point.

This method searches forward or backwards depending upon the direction for the text given by the text argument that matches the criteria specified by the bits in Flags . If count is positive, then the search is forward and starts from the beginning of the range, if the count is negative, then the search starts from the end of the range. If the range matches the search string, the search starts at the second character for forward searches and the second character from the end for backward searches. If count =0 then the search is confined to passed in Range.

This method automatically walks into and out of any embedded ranges that may be contained within the text.

Applies To

document


reload Method

object.reload

Reloads the current page.

•	No return value.

Applies To

location


remove Method

object.remove( index)

Removes an element from the collection.

•	No return value.

index

(Variant) Specifies the ordinal or named index position into the collection.

Applies To

scripts, SELECT, areas, options


removeMember Method

String = object.removeMember

Causes the specific attribute to be removed and not persisted into the HTML document.

•	Returns String

Applies To

!-- --, A, ADDRESS, APPLET, B, BASE, BASEFONT, BGSOUND, BIG, BLOCKQUOTE, BODY, BR, BUTTON, CAPTION, CENTER, CITE, CODE, COL, COLGROUP, COMMENT, DD, DFN, DIR, DIV, DL, DT, EM, EMBED, FONT, FORM, FRAME, FRAMESET, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, HEAD, HR, HTML, I, IFRAME, IMG, INPUT, KBD, LABEL, LI, LINK, LISTING, MAP, MARQUEE, MENU, NOBR, NOFRAMES, NOSCRIPT, OBJECT, OL, OPTION, P, PARAM, PLAINTEXT, PRE, S, SAMP, SCRIPT, SELECT, SMALL, SPAN, STRIKE, STRONG, STYLE, SUB, SUP, TABLE, TBODY, TD, TEXTAREA, TFOOT, TH, THEAD, TITLE, TR, TT, U, UL, VAR, WBR, XMP, Hidden, style, text


replace Method

object.replace( URL)

Methods loads a document and replaces the current document's session history entry with that of the specified URL.

•	No return value.

URL

(String) The URL to be displayed.

Applies To

location


reset Method

object.reset

Simulates a mouse click on a reset button for the calling form.

•	No return value.

Applies To

FORM


scroll Method

object.scroll(x, y)

Scrolls the window to the specified x and y offset relative to the entire document.

•	No return value.

x

(Long) The horizontal position in pixels.

y

(Long) The vertical offset in pixels.

Applies To

window


scrollIntoView Method

object.scrollIntoView([start])

Scrolls the range into view.

•	No return value.

start

Optional. (Boolean) Whether to go to the beginning or end of the range for the operation.. If false, then go to the end, else go to the beginning.

true 	(-1)

false 	(0)

Settings

The default is to scroll the beginning into view.

Applies To

!-- --, A, ADDRESS, APPLET, AREA, B, BASE, BASEFONT, BGSOUND, BIG, BLOCKQUOTE, BODY, BR, BUTTON, CAPTION, CENTER, CITE, CODE, COL, COLGROUP, COMMENT, DD, DFN, DIR, DIV, DL, DT, EM, EMBED, FONT, FORM, FRAME, FRAMESET, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, HEAD, HR, HTML, I, IFRAME, IMG, INPUT, KBD, LABEL, LI, LINK, LISTING, MAP, MARQUEE, MENU, NOBR, NOFRAMES, NOSCRIPT, OBJECT, OL, P, PLAINTEXT, PRE, S, SAMP, SCRIPT, SELECT, SMALL, SPAN, STRIKE, STRONG, STYLE, SUB, SUP, TABLE, TBODY, TD, TEXTAREA, TFOOT, TH, THEAD, TITLE, TR, TT, U, UL, VAR, WBR, XMP, TextRange


select Method

object.select

Use the select method to highlight the input area of a form element.

•	No return value.

You can use the select method with the focus method to highlight a field and position the cursor for a user response.

Applies To

INPUT, TEXTAREA


select Method

object.select( )

Makes the active selection equal to the current object.

•	No return value.

Applies To

TextRange


setMember Method

object.setMember( [value, propName])

Sets the value of the property.

•	No return value.

value

Optional. (Variant) The value to assign.

propName

The name of the property.

Applies To

style, !-- --, A, ADDRESS, APPLET, AREA, B, BASE, BASEFONT, BGSOUND, BIG, BLOCKQUOTE, BODY, BR, BUTTON, CAPTION, CENTER, CITE, CODE, COL, COLGROUP, COMMENT, DD, DFN, DIR, DIV, DL, DT, EM, EMBED, FONT, FORM, FRAME, FRAMESET, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, HEAD, HR, HTML, I, IFRAME, IMG, INPUT, KBD, LABEL, LI, LINK, LISTING, MAP, MARQUEE, MENU, NOBR, NOFRAMES, NOSCRIPT, OBJECT, OL, OPTION, P, PARAM, PLAINTEXT, PRE, S, SAMP, SCRIPT, SELECT, SMALL, SPAN, STRIKE, STRONG, STYLE, SUB, SUP, TABLE, TBODY, TD, TEXTAREA, TFOOT, TH, THEAD, TITLE, TR, TT, U, UL, VAR, WBR, XMP


setRange Method

object.setRange(begin, end)

Sets the range to the ordinal offsets specified by the method. The offsets are within the scope of the current range.

•	No return value.

begin

(Long)

end

(Long)

If the start position is greater then the end position, the parameters are reversed.

Applies To

TextRange


setTimeout Method

Long = object.setTimeout(expression, msec, language)

Evaluates an expression after a specified number of milliseconds have elapsed.

•	Returns Long

expression

(String) An identifier that is used only to cancel the evaluation with the clearTimeout method.

msec

(Long) A numeric value or numeric string in millisecond units.

language

(String) Specifies the language that the code is executed in.

Returns an identifier that is used only to cancel the evaluation with the clearTimeout method.

Applies To

window


showModalDialog Method

Variant = object.showModalDialog(URL [, arguments [, features]])

Displays a HTML dialog.

•	Returns Variant

URL

(String) The URL to be displayed.

arguments

Optional. (Variant) Specifies the arguments to be displayed.

features

Optional. (String) Specifies the window ornaments to display. The table below lists the supported features.

Window.open showModalDialog and showHelp features support

Attr	Values	IE3/IE4	Description	Open	Dialog	Help
toolbar	yes/no/1/0	IE3/IE4	The browser toolbar (back and forward buttons etc)	yes	no	no
location	yes/no/1/0	IE3/IE4	The input field for entering URLs directly into the browser	yes	no	no
directories	yes/no/1/0	IE3/IE4	Directory buttons	yes	no	no
status	yes/no/1/0	IE3/IE4	status line at bottom of window	yes	yes	yes
menubar	yes/no/1/0	IE3/IE4	menu bar	yes	no	no
scrollbars	yes/no/1/0	IE3/IE4	Enables horizontal and vertical scrollbars.	yes	yes	yes
resizeable	yes/no/1/0	IE3/IE4	Whether resize handles appear at the edge	yes	yes	yes
width	pixel	IE3/IE4	width of window - defaults to pixels	yes	yes	yes
height	pixel	IE3/IE4	height of window in pixels	yes	yes	yes
top	pixel	IE3/IE4	top position in pixels wrt desktop	yes	yes	yes
left	pixel	IE3/IE4	left position in pixels wrt desktop	yes	yes	yes
center	yes/no/1/0	IE4	centered wrt desktop	yes	yes	yes
font	font-family
font-size
font-weight
font-style		IE4	syntax should look like CSS. For example font:3;font-size:4 To define multiple font values, use multiple font attributes.	yes	yes	yes
edgeStyle	raised/sunken	IE4	Style for the window border	yes	yes	yes
borderSize	thick/thin	IE4	Size of the border around the window	yes	yes	yes
helpIcon	yes/no/1/0	IE4	whether the help icon appears in the title bar	yes	yes	yes
minimize	yes/no/1/0	IE4	whether the minimize button appears in the title bar	yes	yes	yes
maximize	yes/no/1/0	IE4	whether the maximize button appears in the title bar	yes	yes	yes
systemMenu	yes/no/1/0	IE4	whether the system menu is available from the border icon	yes	yes	yes
The return value is the value of window.returnValue in the target HTML file pointed to by the URL argument.

Applies To

window


start Method

object.start( )

Begins scrolling the marquee.

•	No return value.

Applies To

MARQUEE


startPainting Method

object.startPainting( msec)

Causes painting of the element using the custom transition to begin.

•	No return value.

msec

(Long) A numeric value or numeric string in millisecond units.

Typically used during when an object's state is changing.

Settings

If startPainting is called with msec = 0, any existing transition is removed and normal painting resumes immediately.

Applies To

OBJECT, INPUT, IMG, TEXTAREA, MARQUEE, TABLE, BUTTON, DIV, TD, TH


stop Method

object.stop( )

Stops the marquee scrolling.

•	No return value.

Applies To

MARQUEE


stopPainting Method

object.stopPainting( transition)

Causes painting of the element using the specified custom transition to stop.

•	No return value.

transition

An object which supports IViewTransition and IViewTransitionSite interfaces. Remarks When passed to the stopPainting method, defines the transition object which should stop painting.

Applies To

OBJECT, INPUT, IMG, MARQUEE, TABLE, BUTTON, DIV, TEXTAREA, TD, TH


submit Method

object.submit( )

This method submits the form.

•	No return value.

Applies To

FORM


tags Method

elements = object.tags(tag)

This method returns a collection of elements for the specified tag.

•	Returns elements

tag

(String) Specifies the tag.

Applies To

frames, anchors, forms, links, all, scripts, images, applets, frames, embeds, areas, elements, plugins, FORM


write Method

object.write( )

Writes one or more HTML expressions to a document in the specified window.

•	No return value.

Applies To

document


writeln Method

object.writeln( )

Writes one or more HTML expressions to a document in the specified window followed by a carriage return.

•	No return value.

In HTML, the carriage return is ignored unless within preformatted text.

Applies To

document


zOrder Method

object.zOrder([position])

Used to set the z-index in fixed layout regions.

•	No return value.

position

Optional. (htmlZOrder) Sends the item to the front or back of the z-order.

htmlSendToFront 	sendtofront(0) Sends the object to the front of the z-order. If the parameter is omitted, this is the default.

htmlSendToBack 	sendtoback(1) Sends the object to the back of the z-order.

This method is ignored outside of fixed layout regions.

Settings

When the parameter is omitted, the element is sent to the front of the z-order.

Applies To

INPUT, OBJECT, SELECT, TEXTAREA


accessKey Property

object.accessKey[ = accessKey]

Specifies an accelerator for the element.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

A, APPLET, BUTTON, EMBED, INPUT, LABEL, OBJECT, SELECT, TEXTAREA


action Property

object.action[ = action]

Specifies the address to be used to carry out the action of the form. If none is specified, the base URL of the document is used.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The way the data is submitted depends upon the value of the method and enctype properties.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

FORM


activeElement Property

object.activeElement

Identifies the element that has the focus.

•	Returns activeElement.

The ActiveControl property identifies the control or element that currently has the focus. This property is read-only both in design mode and in run mode, and is set when you select a control in the interface or use the SetFocus method.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

document


align Property

object.align[ = align]

Specifies the alignment for the control-like element.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The default is left-aligned for TABLE , TR , and TD .The default is center-aligned for TH .

The default value for this property is 1 (htmlControlAlignLeft).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

absbottom 	htmlControlAlignAbsBottom(7).

absmiddle 	htmlControlAlignAbsMiddle(5).

baseline 	htmlControlAlignBaseLine(6).

bottom 	htmlControlAlignBottom(8).

left 	htmlControlAlignLeft(1).

middle 	htmlControlAlignMiddle(9).

right 	htmlControlAlignRight(3).

texttop 	htmlControlAlignTextTop(4).

top 	htmlControlAlignTop(10).

Applies To

APPLET, EMBED, IFRAME, IMG, INPUT, MARQUEE, OBJECT, SELECT, TEXTAREA


align Property

object.align[ = align]

Specifies the alignment of the caption.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

bottom 	htmlCaptionAlignBottom(5). Align bottom center.

center 	htmlCaptionAlignCenter(2). Centers the caption.

left 	htmlCaptionAlignLeft(1). Left align.

right 	htmlCaptionAlignRight(3). Right align.

top 	htmlCaptionAlignTop(4). Align top-center.

Applies To

CAPTION


align Property

object.align[ = align]

Specifies how the table should be aligned.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The default value for this property is 1 (htmlBlockAlignLeft).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

center 	htmlBlockAlignCenter(2). Align to the center.

left 	htmlBlockAlignLeft(1). Align to the left edge.

right 	htmlBlockAlignRight(3). Align to the right edge.

Applies To

TABLE


align Property

object.align[ = align]

Displays the element left flush, right flush, or centered relative to the display or table.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

center 	htmlBlockAlignCenter(2). Align to the center.

left 	htmlBlockAlignLeft(1). Align to the left edge.

right 	htmlBlockAlignRight(3). Align to the right edge.

Applies To

ADDRESS, BODY, COL, COLGROUP, DD, DIV, DL, DT, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, HR, LI, LISTING, OL, P, TBODY, TD, TFOOT, TH, THEAD, TR, UL, XMP,


aLink Property

object.alinkColor[ = aLink]

The color for the active link.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

Can be one of the Color Values.

Applies To

BODY, document


alinkColor Property

object.alinkColor[ = alinkColor]

The color of an active link. An active link is in between the mouse going down and the mouse going up.

•	Returns alinkColor.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

Can be one of the Color Values.

Applies To

document


alt Property

object.alt[ = alt]

Optional text as an alternative to the graphic for rendering in non-graphical environments. Alternate text should be provided whenever the graphic is not rendered. Alternate text is mandatory for Level 0 documents.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

APPLET, IMG


altKey Property

object.altKey

Returns the state of the alt key.

•	Returns altKey.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Settings

false 	(0)

true 	(-1)

Applies To

event


appCodeName Property

object.appCodeName

A string returning the code name of the browser.

•	Returns appCodeName.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

navigator


appName Property

object.appName

A string specifying the name of the browser.

•	Returns appName.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

navigator


appVersion Property

object.appVersion

A string returning the version of the browser.

•	Returns appVersion.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

navigator


background Property

object.background[ = background]

Specifies a background picture for the table. The picture is tiled behind the text and graphics in the table, table head, or table cell.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

TABLE, TD, TH


background Property

object.background[ = background]

Set or returns the background CSS attribute.

•	Returns background.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


background Property

object.background[ = background]

Specifies a background picture. The picture is tiled behind the text and graphics on the page.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

BODY


backgroundAttachment Property

object.backgroundAttachment[ = backgroundAttachment]

If a background image has been specified, the value of scroll determines if it should be fixed with regard to the canvas or if it should scroll along with the content.

•	Returns backgroundAttachment.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

cssFixed 	fixed(1)

cssScroll 	scroll(2)

Applies To

style


backgroundColor Property

object.backgroundColor[ = backgroundColor]

Specifies the background color of the document.

•	Returns backgroundColor.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


backgroundImage Property

object.backgroundImage[ = backgroundImage]

Specifies a URL to the background image.

•	Returns backgroundImage.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


backgroundRepeat Property

object.backgroundRepeat[ = backgroundRepeat]

If a background image has been specified, the value of repeat determines how/if the image is repeated.

•	Returns backgroundRepeat.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

cssNoRepeat 	norepeat(4)

cssRepeatY 	repaty(3)

cssRepeat 	repeat(1)

cssRepeatX 	repeatx(2)

Applies To

style


baseRef Property

object.baseRef

•	Returns baseRef.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

OBJECT


behavior Property

object.behavior[ = behavior]

Specifies how the text scrolls in the marquee.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

alternate 	htmlBehaviorAlternate(3). The Marquee alternates left and right.

scroll 	htmlBehaviorScroll(1). The marquee is a scrolling marquee in the direction specified by the DIRECTION attribute. The text scrolls off the end and starts over.

slide 	htmlBehaviorSlide(2). The marquee is a scrolling marquee in the direction specified by the DIRECTION attribute. The text scrolls to the end and stops.

Applies To

MARQUEE


bgColor Property

object.bgColor[ = bgColor]

Sets the background color of the page.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

JavaScript supports the entire set of valid property colors both as strings and their numerical equivalents as a string. JavaScript always returns the property as the numeric equivalent as a string regardless of the format the value was set.

The default value for this property is (UA Specific).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

Can be one of the Color Values.

Applies To

BODY, document


bgColor Property

object.bgColor[ = bgColor]

Sets the background color behind the element.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

Can be one of the Color Values.

Applies To

TBODY, TFOOT, THEAD, MARQUEE, TABLE, TD, TH, TR


bgProperties Property

object.bgProperties[ = bgProperties]

Specifies a watermark, which is a background picture that does not scroll.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

fixed 	htmlBGPropertiesFixed(1). This causes the background not to scroll with the page.

Applies To

BODY


border Property

object.border[ = border]

Defines the space between the frames, including the 3D border.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The border can ONLY be set on an outermost FRAMESET tag. Setting border for an inner FRAMESET is ignored, even if border is not defined on the outermost FRAMESET.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

FRAMESET


border Property

object.border[ = border]

Specifies the thickness of a border to be drawn around the element.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

Setting border to 0 or omitting the attribute causes no border to be displayed. Supplying the border attribute without a value defaults to a single border.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

IFRAME, IMG, OBJECT, TABLE


border Property

object.border[ = border]

•	Returns border.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


borderBottomColor Property

object.borderBottomColor[ = borderBottomColor]

•	Returns borderBottomColor.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


borderBottomStyle Property

object.borderBottomStyle[ = borderBottomStyle]

•	Returns borderBottomStyle.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


borderBottomWidth Property

object.borderBottomWidth[ = borderBottomWidth]

•	Returns borderBottomWidth.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


borderColor Property

object.borderColor[ = borderColor]

Sets border color and must be used with the BORDER attribute, except for frames.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

Can be one of the Color Values.

Applies To

FRAME, FRAMESET, IFRAME, TABLE, TD, TH, TR


borderColorDark Property

object.borderColorDark[ = borderColorDark]

Sets independent border color control over one of the two colors used to draw a 3-D border, opposite of BORDERCOLORLIGHT , and must be used with the BORDER attribute.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

Can be one of the Color Values.

Applies To

TABLE, TD, TH, TR


borderColorLight Property

object.borderColorLight[ = borderColorLight]

Sets independent border color control over one of the two colors used to draw a 3-D border, opposite of BORDERCOLORDARK , and must be used with the BORDER attribute.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

Can be one of the Color Values.

Applies To

TABLE, TD, TH, TR


borderLeftColor Property

object.borderLeftColor[ = borderLeftColor]

•	Returns borderLeftColor.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


borderLeftStyle Property

object.borderLeftStyle[ = borderLeftStyle]

•	Returns borderLeftStyle.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


borderLeftWidth Property

object.borderLeftWidth[ = borderLeftWidth]

•	Returns borderLeftWidth.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


borderRightColor Property

object.borderRightColor[ = borderRightColor]

•	Returns borderRightColor.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


borderRightStyle Property

object.borderRightStyle[ = borderRightStyle]

•	Returns borderRightStyle.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


borderRightWidth Property

object.borderRightWidth[ = borderRightWidth]

•	Returns borderRightWidth.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


borderTopColor Property

object.borderTopColor[ = borderTopColor]

•	Returns borderTopColor.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


borderTopStyle Property

object.borderTopStyle[ = borderTopStyle]

•	Returns borderTopStyle.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


borderTopWidth Property

object.borderTopWidth[ = borderTopWidth]

•	Returns borderTopWidth.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


bufferDepth Property

object.bufferDepth[ = bufferDepth]

Specifies an off-screen bitmap buffer.

•	Returns bufferDepth.

1	0 == no explicit buffering requested; bufferDepth returns 0; colorDepth returns the screen depth.

2	-1 == perform buffering at the screen depth; bufferDepth returns -1; colorDepth returns the screen depth. Note that this is not exactly the same as setting bufferDepth to colorDepth since the buffer depth actually used will dynamically track any changes to the system settings; whereas setting bufferDepth to colorDepth will use the current (static) depth of the screen.

3	Other currently-supported values [1,4,8,15,16,24,32] specify buffer bits-per-pixel; bufferDepth returns the same value and colorDepth returns this value as well. [Note: 15 bpp is actually 16 bpp where only 15 bits are used in a in a 5-5-5 layout of RGB values.]

Non-supported values will cause bufferDepth to be set to -1; colorDepth returns the screen depth. Thus if additional values are supported in some future version, we may not be able to grant the desired format, but we'll at least honor the desire to perform buffering (at the screen depth).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

visual


button Property

object.button

The mouse button, if any, that was pressed to fire the event.

•	Returns button.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

event


cancelBubble Property

object.cancelBubble[ = cancelBubble]

Used to prevent the current event from bubbling up the hierarchy.

•	Returns cancelBubble.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

false 	(0)

true 	(-1)

Applies To

event


cellPadding Property

object.cellPadding[ = cellPadding]

Specifies the amount of space between the border of the cell and the contents of the cell.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

TABLE


cellSpacing Property

object.cellSpacing[ = cellSpacing]

Specifies the amount of space between cells in a table.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

TABLE


charset Property

object.charset[ = charset]

Sets or returns the character set of the document.

•	Returns charset.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

document


checked Property

object.checked[ = checked]

For check boxes and radio buttons, indicates that they are selected.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

Checkboxes that are not selected do not return their values when the form is submitted.

The default value for this property is 0 (false).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

false 	htmlCheckedFalse.

true 	htmlCheckedTrue.

Applies To


classid Property

object.classid

Used to specify the class identifier for the object.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The format is: classid="clsid:controlspecificclsid "

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

OBJECT


className Property

object.className[ = className]

Specifies the class of the tag being defined. This is most often used to associated a sub-classed style sheet with the tag.

•	Returns className.

This property directly maps to the HTML "class" attribute. This is necessary to avoid a keyword naming conflict with JavaScript.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

A, ADDRESS, APPLET, AREA, B, BIG, BLOCKQUOTE, BODY, BR, BUTTON, CAPTION, CENTER, CITE, CODE, COL, COLGROUP, DD, DFN, DIR, DIV, DL, DT, EM, EMBED, FONT, FORM, FRAME, FRAMESET, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, HEAD, HR, I, IFRAME, IMG, INPUT, KBD, LABEL, LI, LISTING, MAP, MARQUEE, MENU, NOBR, NOFRAMES, OBJECT, OL, OPTION, P, PLAINTEXT, PRE, S, SAMP, SCRIPT, SELECT, SMALL, SPAN, STRIKE, STRONG, SUB, SUP, TABLE, TBODY, TD, TEXTAREA, TFOOT, TH, THEAD, TR, TT, U, UL, VAR, WBR, XMP, BASEFONT


clear Property

object.clear[ = clear]

•	Returns clear.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


clear Property

object.clear[ = clear]

Inserts vertical space so that the next text displayed will be past left- or right-aligned floating images.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

all 	htmlClearAll(1).

left 	htmlClearLeft(2).

right 	htmlClearRight(3).

Applies To

BR


closed Property

object.closed

Returns whether the referenced window is closed.

•	Returns closed.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Settings

false 	(0)

true 	(-1)

Applies To

window


code Property

object.code

The name of the file containing the compiled Java class.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

APPLET, OBJECT


codeBase Property

object.codeBase

Specifies a URL referencing where to find the implementation of the object.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

OBJECT


codeBase Property

object.codeBase

This is an optional parameter that specifies the base URL for the applet.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

APPLET


codeType Property

object.codeType

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

OBJECT


color Property

object.color[ = color]

•	Returns color.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


color Property

object.color[ = color]

Set the color to be used by the font or horizontal rule.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

Can be one of the Color Values.

Applies To

BASEFONT, FONT, HR


colorDepth Property

object.colorDepth

It always returns the BPP one should script against when deciding how to use colors properly for the destination device or buffer.

•	Returns colorDepth.

if (visual.colorDepth > 2) {

    body.bgColor = "white";

    body.color = "blue"

} else {

    body.bgColor = "black";

    body.color = "white"

}

So if bufferDepth is 0, colorDepth reflects the screen (or printer) BPP. If bufferDepth is non-zero, colorDepth reflects the bufferDepth. Note that even when bufferDepth is 0 we'll render off-screen most of the time anyway with a screen-compatible buffer.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

visual


cols Property

object.cols[ = cols]

Specifies how many characters wide the text area is.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

TEXTAREA


cols Property

object.cols[ = cols]

The number of columns in the table.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

Providing this number may speed up the processing of the table.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

TABLE


cols Property

object.cols[ = cols]

A comma delimited list of frames to create. Each item in the list contains the initial size of the column.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

FRAMESET


colSpan Property

object.colSpan[ = colSpan]

Specifies how many columns in the table this cell should span.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

TD, TH


compact Property

object.compact[ = compact]

Specifies that the list should be compacted to remove extra space between list elements.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The default value for this property is 0 (false).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

DL, OL, UL


complete Property

object.complete

This property returns whether the specified element is fully loaded.

•	Returns complete.

This is a feature that was highly requested at the Netscape PDC. Netscape has added this to each image, but we should extend and support this on any element that takes a URL. It is currently difficult to write applications with multiple frames without the ability to check if the frame is fully loaded.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Settings

false 	(0)

true 	(-1)

Applies To

FRAME, IFRAME, IMG


cookie Property

object.cookie[ = cookie]

String value of a cookie, which is a small piece of information stored by the browser.

•	Returns cookie.

Use string methods such as substring, charAt, indexOf, and lastIndexOf to determine the value stored in the cookie. In Netscape's Navigator, the cookie is stored in the cookies.txt file.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

document


cookieEnabled Property

object.cookieEnabled

Whether client-side cookies are enabled in the browser.

•	Returns cookieEnabled.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Settings

false 	(0)

true 	(-1)

Applies To

navigator


coords Property

object.coords[ = coords]

Coordinates that define the hot spot's shape.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

AREA


cssText Property

object.cssText[ = cssText]

Sets or returns the persisted representation of the style rule.

•	Returns cssText.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


ctrlKey Property

object.ctrlKey

Returns the state of the control key.

•	Returns ctrlKey.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Settings

false 	(0)

true 	(-1)

Applies To

event


data Property

object.data

Specifies that the value is to be passed directly to the object as a string, after expansion. This is the default in the absence of an explicit value for the value type.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

PARAM


data Property

object.data

Specifies a URL referencing the object's data.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

OBJECT


dataFld Property

object.dataFld

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

SPAN, DIV, OBJECT, PARAM, INPUT, SELECT, TEXTAREA, IMG, MARQUEE


dataFormatAs Property

object.dataFormatAs

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Note this property is not supported for TEXTAREA.

Applies To

SPAN, DIV, MARQUEE


dataSrc Property

object.dataSrc

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

TABLE, SPAN, DIV, OBJECT, PARAM, INPUT, SELECT, TEXTAREA, IMG, MARQUEE


defaultChecked Property

object.CHECKED[ = defaultChecked]

Determines whether the element is selected by default.

•	Returns defaultChecked.

This value can be changed programmatically but has no effect on the appearance nor on how forms are submitted.

The default value for this property is -1 (true).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

false 	(0)

true 	(-1)

Applies To


defaultSelected Property

object.defaultSelected[ = defaultSelected]

Determines whether the option is selected by default.

•	Returns defaultSelected.

This value can be changed programmatically but has no effect on the appearance nor on how forms are submitted.

The default value for this property is -1 (true).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

false 	(0)

true 	(-1)

Applies To

OPTION


defaultStatus Property

object.defaultStatus[ = defaultStatus]

For a window, the defaultStatus property reflects the default message displayed in the status bar at the bottom of the window.

•	Returns defaultStatus.

Do not confuse defaultStatus with status . The status property reflects a priority or transient message in the status bar, such as the message that appears when a mouseOver event occurs over an anchor.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

window


defaultValue Property

object.defaultValue[ = defaultValue]

For the password , text , and textarea , the string that is displayed as the initial contents of the field.

•	Returns defaultValue.

This value can be changed programmatically but has no effect on the appearance nor on how forms are submitted.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

INPUT, TEXTAREA


description Property

object.description

Returns a description of the MimeType.

•	Returns description.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

MimeType


dialogArgs Property

object.dialogArgs

Returns the arguments that were passed in.

•	Returns dialogArgs.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

dialog


direction Property

object.direction[ = direction]

Specifies which direction the text should scroll.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The default is LEFT, which means scrolling to the left from the right.

The default value for this property is 1 (htmlDirectionLeft).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

down 	htmlDirectionDown. The Marquee scrolls down.

left 	htmlDirectionLeft(1). The marquee scrolls left.

right 	htmlDIrectionRight(3). The marquee scrolls right.

up 	htmlDirectionUp. The marquee scrolls up.

Applies To

MARQUEE


disabled Property

object.disabled[ = disabled]

Used to disable an element.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The default value for this property is 0 (false).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

APPLET, INPUT, OBJECT, SELECT, TEXTAREA, BUTTON


display Property

object.display[ = display]

Specifies the value of the CSS display attribute.

•	Returns display.

Assigning an empty string to this property sets the display element back to its default.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

none 	No current value.

Applies To

style


docHeight Property

object.docHeight

Returns the height of the element in pixels relative to the document's top, left corner.

•	Returns docHeight.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

BUTTON, DIV, IFRAME, IMG, INPUT, MARQUEE, SELECT, TABLE, TD, TEXTAREA, TH, TR, dialog, Hidden, text


docLeft Property

object.docLeft

Returns the calculated left position in pixels based on the window.

•	Returns docLeft.

In Beta 1, exposed as top for the dialog object.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

dialog, INPUT, SELECT, TABLE, TD, TH, TR, text, IMG, DIV, MARQUEE, TEXTAREA, BUTTON, IFRAME


docTop Property

object.docTop

Returns the calculated top position of the element in window coordinates.

•	Returns docTop.

posTop is named top on the dialog object for beta 1.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

INPUT, SELECT, TABLE, TR, dialog, TD, TH, IMG, DIV, MARQUEE, TEXTAREA, BUTTON, IFRAME


docWidth Property

object.docWidth

Returns the width of the element relative to the document's top, left corner.

•	Returns docWidth.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

BUTTON, DIV, IFRAME, IMG, INPUT, MARQUEE, SELECT, TABLE, TD, TEXTAREA, TH, TR, dialog, Hidden, text


domain Property

object.domain

Sets or return the security domain of the document.

•	Returns domain.

The domain property initially returns the hostname of the server the page is from. This property can be assigned the domain suffix to allow sharing of pages across frames. For example, a page in one frame from home.netscape.com and a page from www.netscape.com would initially not be able to communicate with each other. However, by setting the domain property of both pages to the suffix, netscape.com, both pages would be considered secure and now code can access between the pages.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

document


dynsrc Property

object.dynsrc[ = dynsrc]

Specifies the address of a video clip or VRML world to be displayed in the window. Stands for Dynamic Source.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

IMG


enabledPlugin Property

object.enabledPlugin

Returns the plug-in that can handle the specified mime-type.

•	Returns enabledPlugin.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

MimeType


end Property

object.end[ = end]

Sets the end character position in relation to the stream.

•	Returns end.

If this is set less than the start value, then start is also set equal to this value. If the end position is set greater than the number of characters in the stream, the end position is set to the last character position.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

TextRange


event Property

object.event

Specifies the event the script is being written for.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

SCRIPT


face Property

object.face[ = face]

Sets the current fonts typeface.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

BASEFONT, FONT


fgColor Property

object.fgColor[ = fgColor]

The color of the document foreground text.

•	Returns fgColor.

Changing this property after the document is rendered does not change the displayed color.

JavaScript supports the entire set of valid property colors both as strings and their numerical equivalents as a string. JavaScript always returns the property as the numeric equivalent as a string regardless of the format the value was set.

The default value for this property is (UA Specific).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

document


fileCreatedDate Property

object.fileCreatedDate

Returns the date the file was created.

•	Returns fileCreatedDate.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

IMG, LINK, OBJECT, SCRIPT, STYLE, document


fileModifiedDate Property

object.fileModifiedDate

Returns the date the document was last modified.

•	Returns fileModifiedDate.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

document


fileSize Property

object.fileSize

Returns the size of the file in bytes.

•	Returns fileSize.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

A, IMG, LINK, OBJECT, SCRIPT, STYLE, document


fileUpdatedDate Property

object.fileUpdatedDate

Returns the date the document was last updated (reloaded from the server).

•	Returns fileUpdatedDate.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

document


filter Property

object.filter[ = filter]

You can set this to another control which, by supporting IViewFilter and IViewFilterSite interfaces, can alter how the site paints.

•	Returns filter.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

APPLET, BUTTON, DIV, IMG, INPUT, OBJECT, SELECT, TABLE, TD, TEXTAREA, TH


font Property

object.font[ = font]

•	Returns font.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


fontFamily Property

object.fontFamily[ = fontFamily]

•	Returns fontFamily.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


fontSize Property

object.fontSize[ = fontSize]

•	Returns fontSize.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


fontStyle Property

object.fontStyle[ = fontStyle]

Sets or returns the CSS font-style attribute.

•	Returns fontStyle.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

cssNotSet 	(0) The attribute contains an unknown value or is not currently set. When the attribute has no value, it is not persisted into the style sheet. (unknown values are persisted. See the unknown property for more details).

cssFontStyleItalic 	italic(2)

cssStyleNormal 	normal(1)

cssFontStyleOblique 	oblique(3)

Applies To

style


fontVariant Property

object.fontVariant[ = fontVariant]

Sets or returns the font-variant css attribute.

•	Returns fontVariant.

The default value for this property is 1 (cssStyleNormal).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

cssStyleNormal 	normal(1)

Applies To

style


fontWeight Property

object.fontWeight[ = fontWeight]

Sets or returns the CSS font-weight attribute.

•	Returns fontWeight.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


For Property

object.For

Specifies which element is being bound to the event script.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

Capitalized to avoid javascript keyword conflicts.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

SCRIPT


For Property

object.For[ = For]

Specifies the control-like element the label is for.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The for attribute references the ID of another element. The for attribute is optional when the label is implicitly defined. This is done by wrapping the label around the control the label is specified for.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

LABEL


form Property

object.form

Returns a reference to the form the element is embedded on.

•	Returns form.

Returns null if the element is not on a form.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

APPLET, BUTTON, FORM, INPUT, SELECT, TEXTAREA, OBJECT


frame Property

object.frame[ = frame]

Controls the appearance of the border frame around the table.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The default value for this property is 1 (htmlFrameVoid).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

above 	htmlFrameAbove(2). Displays a border on the top side of the border frame.

below 	htmlFrameBelow(3). Displays a border on the bottom side of the table frame.

border 	htmlFrameBorder(9). Displays a border on all sides of the table frame.

box 	htmlFrameBox(8). Displays a border on all sides of the table frame.

insides 	htmlFrameHSides(4). Displays a border on the top and bottom sides of the table frame.

lhs 	htmlFramelhs(5). Displays a border on the left hand side of the table frame.

rhs 	htmlFramerhs(6). Displays a border on the right-hand side of the table frame.

void 	htmlFrameVoid(1). Removes all outside table borders.

vsides 	htmlFrameVSides(7). Displays a border on the left and right sides of the table frame.

Applies To

TABLE


frameBorder Property

object.frameBorder[ = frameBorder]

Specifies whether or not to display a border for the frame.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

Valid values are 0 and 1. 0 specifies no border, and 1 specifies an inset border. In addition, "Yes" and "No" are supported corresponding to 1 and 0, respectively. Invalid settings defaults to turning on borders.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

FRAME, FRAMESET, IFRAME


frameSpacing Property

object.frameSpacing[ = frameSpacing]

Creates additional space between the frames in pixels.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The amount defined for FrameSpacing does not include the width of the FrameBorder. Framespacing can be set on one or more FRAMESETs and applies to the contained FRAMESETs unless the contained FRAMESET defines a different FrameSpacing.

The default spacing is 2 pixels.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

FRAMESET, IFRAME


fromElement Property

object.fromElement

Specifies the element being moved from for the 'onmouseover' and 'onmouseout' events.

•	Returns fromElement.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

event


hash Property

object.hash[ = hash]

The string following the # symbol in the NAME attribute.

•	Returns hash.

If no hash, returns an empty string.

This property is useful for moving to a bookmark within a document. Assigning an invalid value does not cause an error.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

A, AREA, location


height Property

object.height[ = height]

Set or return the height of the element.

•	Returns height.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

BODY, dialog, style


height Property

object.height

Along with WIDTH , specifies the size at which the element is drawn.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

In NS, invalid values and values<1 default to 1 on images.

The height attribute on an IMG or a FIG allows the size of the image to be defined in advance to speed up the rendering of the page.

In the object model, height returns the calculated height of the element. To return the height persisted in the attribute, use the htmlHeight property.

The default value for this property is 0 (htmlText).

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

TR, APPLET, EMBED, FRAME, TD, TH, IFRAME, IMG, OBJECT, TABLE


height Property

object.height

Specifies the HEIGHT of the Marquee in pixels or as a percentage of the screen height.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

In the object model, height returns the calculated height of the element. To return the height persisted in the attribute, use the htmlHeight property.

The default value for this property is 0 (htmlValue).

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

MARQUEE


host Property

object.host[ = host]

The hostname:port part of the location or URL.

•	Returns host.

The host property specifies a portion of the URL. The host property is the concatenation of the hostname and port properties, separated by a colon. When the port property is null, the host property is the same as the hostname property. You can set the host property at any time, although it is safer to set the href property to change a location. If the host that you specify cannot be found in the current location, you will get an error. The host property specifies a portion of the URL. The host property is the concatenation of the hostname and port properties, separated by a colon. When the port property is null, the host property is the same as the hostname property. You can set the host property at any time, although it is safer to set the href property to change a location. If the host that you specify cannot be found in the current location, you will get an error.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

A, AREA, location


hostname Property

object.hostname[ = hostname]

The hostname part of the location or URL.

•	Returns hostname.

If no hostname is available, returns an empty string.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

A, AREA, location


href Property

object.href[ = href]

Specifies the document's full URL in case the document gets read out of context and the reader wants to refer to the original.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

BASE


href Property

object.HREF[ = href]

The entire URL as a string.

•	Returns href.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

location


href Property

object.href[ = href]

Specifies the destination URL or anchor point.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The HREF attribute on the anchor is a scriptable attribute. HREF's on anchors can jump to bookmarks or any element's ID attribute.

When specifying an anchor, everything between the <A HREF..> and the <A> becomes a clickable hyperlink to that address.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

A, AREA, LINK


hres Property

object.hres

Returns the horizontal resolution in pixels.

•	Returns hres.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

visual


hspace Property

object.hspace[ = hspace]

Along with VSPACE , specifies margins for the element.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

Similar to BORDER , except the margins are not painted with color when the element is a hyperlink.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

APPLET, IFRAME, IMG, MARQUEE


htmlHeight Property

object.htmlHeight[ = htmlHeight]

Set or returns the height of the element. This property accepts all valid HTML measurements.

•	Returns htmlHeight.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

TABLE, TR, TD, TH, CAPTION


htmlSelText Property

object.htmlSelText

Returns the actual HTML selected.

•	Returns htmlSelText.

This property corresponds to the selected portion of the CF_HTML format.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

TextRange


htmlText Property

object.htmlText

Returns the HTML source as a valid HTML fragment.

•	Returns htmlText.

This property corresponds to the fragment portion of the CF_HTML clipboard format.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

TextRange


id Property

object.id

An SGML identifier used as the target for hypertext links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

Identifiers should be unique throughout the scope of the current document. Should there be more than one object with the same identifier, a collection of those named items is created that can only be referenced by ordinal position.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

OPTION, A, ADDRESS, APPLET, AREA, B, BIG, BLOCKQUOTE, BODY, BR, BUTTON, CAPTION, CENTER, CITE, CODE, COL, COLGROUP, DD, DFN, DIR, DIV, DL, DT, EM, EMBED, FONT, FORM, FRAME, FRAMESET, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, HEAD, HR, I, IFRAME, IMG, INPUT, KBD, LABEL, LI, LISTING, MAP, MARQUEE, MENU, BASEFONT, NOBR, NOFRAMES, OBJECT, OL, P, PLAINTEXT, PRE, S, SAMP, SCRIPT, SELECT, SMALL, SPAN, STRIKE, STRONG, SUB, SUP, TABLE, TBODY, TD, TEXTAREA, TFOOT, TH, THEAD, TR, TT, U, UL, VAR, WBR, XMP


In Property

object.In

Specifies at which level to scope the document.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

Capitalized to avoid javascript keyword conflicts.

This attribute can either take a form name or window to scope to the window. The window is the default scope.

The default value for this property is (window).

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

SCRIPT


indeterminate Property

object.indeterminate[ = indeterminate]

Used to change the UI of a checkbox to have a grayish background to represent an indeterminate state.

•	Returns indeterminate.

This does not remove whether the element is checked and is different than disabling the control. A checkbox in the indeterminate state can still receive the focus. When the user clicks on an indeterminate button, the indeterminate state is turned off and the checkbox is appropriately checked or unchecked.

The default value for this property is 0 (false).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

false 	(0)

true 	(-1)

Applies To


index Property

object.index

Returns the ordinal position of the option in the list box.

•	Returns index.

You can assign a value to this property without generating a syntax error, but the value is not stored.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

OPTION


isMap Property

object.isMap[ = isMap]

Identifies the picture as a server-side image map.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

IMG


javaEnabled Property

object.javaEnabled

Returns whether Java is enabled.

•	Returns javaEnabled.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Settings

false 	(0)

true 	(-1)

Applies To

navigator


keyCode Property

object.keyCode[ = keyCode]

An integer that returns a standard numeric ASCII keycode. keyCode is passed by reference; changing it sends a different character to the object.

•	Returns keyCode.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

event


language Property

object.language

Specifies the language that the current script is written in.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

Javascript 1.1 should also be supported and returned as the string.

The default value for this property is (htmlLanguageJavascript).

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Settings

javascript 	htmlLanguageJavascript. Specifies that the script is written in JavaScript

vbscript 	htmlLanguageVBScript. Specifies that the script is written in VB Script.

Applies To

A, INPUT, SELECT, SCRIPT


lastModified Property

object.lastModified

A string containing the last-modified date. of the page (if the page supplies one).

•	Returns lastModified.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

document


left Property

object.left[ = left]

Set or return the left position.

•	Returns left.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


leftMargin Property

object.leftMargin[ = leftMargin]

Specifies the left margin for the entire body of the page and overrides the default margin.

•	Returns String.

If set to "", the left margin will be exactly on the left edge.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

BODY


length Property

object.length

Returns the number of elements in a collection.

•	Returns length.

This property is read-write on the areas and the options collection for image maps and select boxes respectively. This allows a developer to shrink the collection.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

frames, anchors, forms, links, all, scripts, images, applets, frames, embeds, areas, elements, plugins, FORM, SELECT, history, window


letterSpacing Property

object.letterSpacing[ = letterSpacing]

•	Returns letterSpacing.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


library Property

object.library

Specifies whether or not the script is a set of functions that should not be immediately executed.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The default value for this property is 0 (false).

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

SCRIPT


lineHeight Property

object.lineHeight[ = lineHeight]

•	Returns lineHeight.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


link Property

object.linkColor[ = link]

The color of shortcuts that have not yet been visited.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

Can be one of the Color Values.

Applies To

BODY, document


linkColor Property

object.linkColor[ = linkColor]

The color of the document hyperlinks.

•	Returns linkColor.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

document


location Property

object.location[ = location]

The full URL of the document.

•	Returns location.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

document


loop Property

object.loop[ = loop]

Specifies how many times a sound or video will loop when activated. Also specifies how many times the marquee should loop.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

Below are descriptions on how loop works for some boundary cases.

<BGSOUND src="file:///c:\win95\system\msremind.wav"> 	once

<BGSOUND src="file:///c:\win95\system\msremind.wav" LOOP> 	once

<BGSOUND src="file:///c:\win95\system\msremind.wav" LOOP=> 	zero times

<BGSOUND src="file:///c:\win95\system\msremind.wav" LOOP=-1> 	infinitely

<BGSOUND src="file:///c:\win95\system\msremind.wav" LOOP=0> 	once

Specifies how many times a video clip or sound will loop when activated. If n=-1 or infinite, it will loop continuously.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

BGSOUND, IMG, MARQUEE


lowsrc Property

object.lowsrc[ = lowsrc]

Specifies a lower resolution image to display.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

Setting the src attribute in code has the side-effect of actually starting to load the new URL into the image area (and aborting the transfer of any image data that is already loading into the same area). Therefore, if you're going to alter the lowsrc property, you need to do so before setting the src property. If the URL in the src property references an image that is not the same size as the image cell it is loaded into, the source image is scaled to fit.

Netscape initially loads the image specified on the first pass of the document. After the initial pass, they go and low the image specified by the SRC attribute. This old image fades into the new image.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

IMG


map Property

object.map[ = map]

Sets or returns the element representing the image map.

•	Returns map.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

IMG


margin Property

object.margin

•	Returns margin.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

style


marginBottom Property

object.marginBottom

•	Returns marginBottom.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

style


marginHeight Property

object.marginHeight[ = marginHeight]

Sets the amount of top and bottom margin should be set before displaying the text in a frame.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The value for marginheight is in pixels. Margins cannot be less than 1 nor too large that the text cannot be displayed.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

FRAME, IFRAME


marginLeft Property

object.marginLeft

•	Returns marginLeft.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

style


marginRight Property

object.marginRight

•	Returns marginRight.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

style


marginTop Property

object.marginTop

•	Returns marginTop.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

style


marginWidth Property

object.marginWidth[ = marginWidth]

Sets the amount of left and right margin should be set before displaying the text in a frame.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The value for marginwidth is in pixels. Margins cannot be less than 1 nor too large that the text cannot be displayed.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

FRAME, IFRAME


maxLength Property

object.maxLength[ = maxLength]

Indicates the maximum number of characters that can be entered into a text control.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This can be larger than the SIZE of the textbox. When this occurs, the textbox should scroll accordingly as the user types. The default is there is no limit.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

INPUT


method Property

object.method[ = method]

Indicates how the form data should be sent to the server; either GET or POST

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The only legal values are "GET" and "POST"

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

get 	htmlMethodGet(get). append the arguments to the action URL and open it as if it were an anchor.

post 	htmlMethodPost(post). POST means send the data via an HTTP post transaction.

Applies To

FORM


Methods Property

object.Methods[ = Methods]

The METHODS attributes of anchors and links provide information about the functions that the user may perform on an object. These are more accurately given by the HTTP protocol when it is used, but it may, for similar reasons as for the TITLE attribute, be useful to include the information in advance in the link. For example, the HTML user agent may chose a different rendering as a function of the methods allowed; for example, something that is searchable may get a different icon.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The value of the METHODS attribute is a comma separated list of HTTP methods supported by the object for public use.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

A, LINK


mimeType Property

object.mimeType

Returns the mimeType for the file.

•	Returns mimeType.

HTML returns "text/html".

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

document, A, IMG, OBJECT, LINK, STYLE, SCRIPT


multiple Property

object.multiple[ = multiple]

Indicates that multiple items in the list can be selected.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The default value for this property is 0 (false).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

SELECT


name Property

object.name[ = name]

Specifies the name of the window.

•	Returns name.

The name property on the window comes from the FRAME definition. There is no other way to persist a window name in HTML.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

window


name Property

object.name[ = name]

Specifies the name of the frame so it may be targeted from links in other documents.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The name property on the window comes from the FRAME definition. There is no other way to persist a window name in HTML.

Either a window-name or frame may be specified, or one of the special values above.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

window_name 	window_name. A string that specifies a frame.

_blank 	_blank. Loads the link into a new, unnamed window.

_parent 	_parent. Loads the link over the parent. If the frame has no parent, then this refers to _self.

_self 	_self. Replaces the page with the specified link.

_top 	_top. Loads the link at the top-most level.

Applies To

FRAME, IFRAME


name Property

object.name

The name of a MIME type.

•	Returns name.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

MimeType


name Property

object.name[ = name]

Specifies the name of the control, bookmark, or applet.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The name is used to bind the value of the control when submitting a form. The NAME is not the value that is displayed for the button, reset, and submit objects. Submitting the form submits the internally stored value, not the one displayed.

JavaScript allows the name to be changed at run-time. This does not change the name in the programming model to change, in the collection of elements, but does change the name used for submitting elements.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

AREA, A, APPLET, FORM, IMG, INPUT, LINK, OBJECT, SELECT, TEXTAREA


name Property

object.name

Specifies the name of the property.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

PARAM


noHref Property

object.noHref[ = noHref]

Indicates that clicks in this region should cause no action.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The default value for this property is 0 (false).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

AREA


noResize Property

object.noResize[ = noResize]

When this attribute is supplied, the frame is not resizable by the user.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

By default, all frames are resizable.

The default value for this property is -1 (true).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

noresize 	noResize. Specifies that the frame should have a fixed size.

resize 	resize. Specifies that the frame is resizable.

Applies To

FRAME, IFRAME


noShade Property

object.noShade[ = noShade]

Draws the horizontal rule without 3-D shading.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The default value for this property is 0 (false).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

HR


noWrap Property

object.noWrap[ = noWrap]

The NOWRAP attribute is used when you do not want the browser to automatically perform word wrap.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The default value for this property is 0 (false).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

TD, TH


object Property

object.object

Specifies the value is a URL of an object element in the same document.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

PARAM


object Property

object.object

Returns the IDispatch interface for the element if the element has one.

•	Returns object.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

APPLET, OBJECT


opener Property

object.opener[ = opener]

Returns a reference to the window that created the current window.

•	Returns opener.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

window


overflow Property

object.overflow[ = overflow]

•	Returns overflow.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


parent Property

object.parent

Returns the parent object in the object hierarchy.

•	Returns parent.

In a FRAMESET and FRAME relationship, the <FRAMESET> window. On a document, the parent is the window.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

window


parentElement Property

object.parentElement

Returns the parent element. The top-most element returns null as its parent.

•	Returns parentElement.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

!-- --, A, ADDRESS, APPLET, AREA, B, BASE, BASEFONT, BGSOUND, BIG, BLOCKQUOTE, BODY, BR, BUTTON, CAPTION, CENTER, CITE, CODE, COL, COLGROUP, COMMENT, DD, DFN, DIR, DIV, DL, DT, EM, EMBED, FONT, FORM, FRAME, FRAMESET, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, HEAD, HR, HTML, I, IFRAME, IMG, INPUT, KBD, LABEL, LI, LINK, LISTING, MAP, MARQUEE, MENU, NOBR, NOFRAMES, NOSCRIPT, OBJECT, OL, OPTION, P, PARAM, PLAINTEXT, PRE, S, SAMP, SCRIPT, SELECT, SMALL, SPAN, STRIKE, STRONG, STYLE, SUB, SUP, TABLE, TBODY, TD, TEXTAREA, TFOOT, TH, THEAD, TITLE, TR, TT, U, UL, VAR, WBR, XMP


pathname Property

object.pathname[ = pathname]

The file or object path name following the third slash.

•	Returns pathname.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

A, AREA, location


port Property

object.port[ = port]

The port number in a URL.

•	Returns port.

If no port is specified, an empty string is returned.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

A, AREA, location


posHeight Property

object.posHeight[ = posHeight]

Returns the value of the css top property as a float for the same units.

•	Returns posHeight.

Using these it is possible in scripting code to write a line such as "Object.style.posLeft += 10;" and have it do what you expect. This is not true for top/left/width/height because it will concatenate "10" onto the previous value instead of adding it.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


posLeft Property

object.posLeft[ = posLeft]

Returns the value of the css left property as a float for the same units.

•	Returns posLeft.

Using these it is possible in scripting code to write a line such as "Object.style.posLeft += 10;" and have it do what you expect. This is not true for top/left/width/height because it will concatenate "10" onto the previous value instead of adding it.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


posTop Property

object.posTop[ = posTop]

Returns the value of the css top property as a float for the same units.

•	Returns posTop.

Using these it is possible in scripting code to write a line such as "Object.style.posLeft += 10;" and have it do what you expect. This is not true for top/left/width/height because it will concatenate "10" onto the previous value instead of adding it.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


posWidth Property

object.posWidth[ = posWidth]

Returns the value of the css top property as a float for the same units.

•	Returns posWidth.

Using these it is possible in scripting code to write a line such as "Object.style.posLeft += 10;" and have it do what you expect. This is not true for top/left/width/height because it will concatenate "10" onto the previous value instead of adding it.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


protocol Property

object.protocol[ = protocol]

The initial substring up to and including the first colon, which indicates the URL's access method.

•	Returns protocol.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

A, AREA, location, LINK


readOnly Property

object.readOnly[ = readOnly]

Causes the element's contents to be read only.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This is different then disabled. Readonly still allows the element to receive the focus, while disabled does not allow the element to receive the focus.

The default value for this property is 0 (false).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

INPUT, SELECT, TEXTAREA


recordset Property

object.recordset

Returns the recordset if the object is a data provider.

•	Returns recordset.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

OBJECT


ref Property

object.ref

Indicates the value is a URL.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

PARAM


referrer Property

object.referrer

The URL of the previous location.

•	Returns referrer.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

document


rel Property

object.rel[ = rel]

The REL attribute gives the relationship(s) described by the hypertext link from the anchor to the target. The value is a comma-separated list of relationship values. Values and their semantics will be registered by the HTML registration authority. The default relationship if none other is given is void. The REL attribute is only used when the HREF attribute is present.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

LINK


returnValue Property

object.returnValue[ = retval]

Allows a return value to be specified for the event or dialog.

•	Returns returnValue.

This takes precedence over values returned through a return value on an event function.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

false 	(0)

true 	(-1)

Applies To

event


retval Property

object.retval[ = retval]

Allows a return value to be specified for the event or dialog.

•	Returns retval.

This takes precedence over values returned through a return value on an event function.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

false 	(0)

true 	(-1)

Applies To

dialog


rev Property

object.rev[ = rev]

The REV attribute is the same as the REL attribute, but the semantics of the link type are in the reverse direction. A link from A to B with REL="X" expresses the same relationship as a link from B to A with REV="X". An anchor may have both REL and REV attributes.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

LINK


rows Property

object.rows[ = rows]

A comma delimited list of frames to create. Each item in the list contains the initial size of the row.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

FRAMESET


rows Property

object.rows[ = rows]

Specifies the number of rows tall the textarea control should be.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

TEXTAREA


rowSpan Property

object.rowSpan[ = rowSpan]

Specifies how many rows in a table this cell should span.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

TD, TH


rules Property

object.rules[ = rules]

Specifies which dividing lines are displayed (inner borders).

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The default value for this property is 0 (htmlNone).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

all 	htmlRulesAll(5). Displays a border on all rows and columns.

cols 	htmlRulesCols(4). Displays borders between all table columns.

groups 	htmlRulesGroups(2). Displays horizontal borders between all table groups. Groups are specified by the THEAD, TBODY, TFOOT, and COLGROUP elements.

none 	htmlRulesNone(1). Removes all interior table borders.

rows 	htmlRulesRows(3). Displays horizontal borders between all table rows.

Applies To

TABLE


scroll Property

object.scroll[ = scroll]

Turns on or off the scrollbars.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

'yes' (default), turns on scrollbars, 'no' turns off the scrollbars.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

BODY


scrollAmount Property

object.scrollAmount[ = scrollAmount]

Specifies the number of pixels the text scrolls between each subsequent drawing of the marquee .

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

MARQUEE


scrollDelay Property

object.scrollDelay[ = scrollDelay]

Specifies the speed the marquee scroll in milliseconds.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

MARQUEE


scrollHeight Property

object.scrollHeight[ = scrollHeight]

Specifies the height, in points, of the total area that can be viewed by moving the scroll bars on the form or page.

•	Returns scrollHeight.

Read-only on html documents. Read-write on fixed regions.

The default value for this property is (0).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

BODY, DIV


scrolling Property

object.scrolling[ = scrolling]

Specifies that the frame can be scrolled.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The scrollbars default to AUTO if this attribute is omitted.

The default value for this property is 2 (htmlScrollingAuto).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

auto 	htmlScrollingAuto(2). The browser determines if the scrollbars are necessary.

no 	htmlScrollingNo. The frame cannot be scrolled.

yes 	htmlScrollingYes. The frame can be scrolled.

Applies To

FRAME, IFRAME


scrollLeft Property

object.scrollLeft[ = scrollLeft]

Specifies the distance, in points, of the left edge of the visible form from the left edge of the logical form.

•	Returns scrollLeft.

The default value for this property is (0).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

BODY, DIV


scrollTop Property

object.scrollTop[ = scrollTop]

Specifies the distance, in points, of the top edge of the visible form from the top edge of the logical form.

•	Returns scrollTop.

The default value for this property is (0).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

BODY, DIV


scrollWidth Property

object.scrollWidth[ = scrollWidth]

Specifies the width, in points, of the total area that can be viewed by moving the scroll bars on the form or page.

•	Returns scrollWidth.

Read-only on html documents. Read-write on fixed regions.

The default value for this property is (0).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

BODY, DIV


search Property

object.search[ = search]

Any query string or form data after ?.

•	Returns search.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

A, AREA, location


selected Property

object.selected[ = selected]

Indicates that this item is the default. If not present, the first item is selected by default.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This attribute is used to determine whether a value is submitted with the form. If the value of the control matches the default value, the control's value is not submitted. The value is only submitted when the control's value does not match the default value. Therefore, changing this value changes the rule for whether the value is submitted with the form.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

OPTION


selectedIndex Property

object.selectedIndex[ = selectedIndex]

An integer specifying the index of the selected option in a select object.

•	Returns selectedIndex.

Options in a select object are indexed in the order in which they are defined, starting with an index of 0. You can set the selectedIndex property at any time. The display of the select object updates immediately when you set the selectedIndex property. Both forms of the syntax specify the same value. In general, the selectedIndex property is more useful for select objects that are created without the MULTIPLE attribute. If you evaluate selectedIndex when multiple options are selected, the selectedIndex property specifies the index of the first option only. Setting selectedIndex clears any other options that are selected in the select object. The selected property of the select object's options array is more useful for select objects that are created with the MULTIPLE attribute. With the selected property, you can evaluate every option in the options array to determine multiple selections, and you can select individual options without clearing the selection of other options.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

SELECT


self Property

object.self

The self property refers to the current window.

•	Returns self.

Use the self property to disambiguate a window property from a form of the same name. You can also use the self property to make your code more readable.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

window


shape Property

object.shape[ = shape]

Specifies the type of shape used in the image map.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

Each shape causes the coords attribute to take a different set of values. The table below describes the relationship:

RECT	Rectangle. Takes four coordinates: x1, y1, x2, and y2.
RECTANGLE	Rectangle. Takes four coordinates: x1, y1, x2, and y2.
CIRC	Circle. Takes three coordinates: centerx, centery, and radius.
CIRCLE	Circle. Takes three coordinates: centerx, centery, and radius.
POLY	Polygon. Takes three or more pairs of coordinates denoting a polygonal region.
POLYGON	Polygon. Takes three or more pairs of coordinates denoting a polygonal region.
This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

circ 	htmlShapeCirc(3).

circle 	htmlShapeCircle(4).

poly 	htmlShapePoly(5).

polygon 	htmlShapePolygon(6).

rect 	htmlShapeRect(1).

rectangle 	htmlShapeRectangle(2).

Applies To

AREA


shiftKey Property

object.shiftKey

Returns the state of the shift key.

•	Returns shiftKey.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Settings

false 	(0)

true 	(-1)

Applies To

event


size Property

object.size[ = size]

Sets the height of the <HR > element in pixels.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

HR


size Property

object.size[ = size]

Specifies font size between 1 and 7 (7 is largest).

•	Returns the current value of this property.

When used with the BASEFONT tag, throughout the document, relative font size settings -- for example, <FONT SIZE =+3> -- are set according to this value.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

BASEFONT, FONT


size Property

object.size[ = size]

Specifies the size of the control.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

For text-type controls, both height and width can be specified using this format: "width,height" .

For the input tag, the size is in characters. For the select tag, when the size is specified, it represents a list box with the specified number of rows.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

INPUT, SELECT


sourceIndex Property

object.sourceIndex

Returns the ordinal position of the element in the source order.

•	Returns sourceIndex.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

SCRIPT, SELECT, SMALL, SPAN, STRIKE, STRONG, STYLE, SUB, SUP, TABLE, TBODY, TD, TEXTAREA, TFOOT, TH, THEAD, TITLE, TR, TT, U, UL, VAR, WBR, XMP, !-- --, !DOCTYPE, A, ADDRESS, APPLET, AREA, B, BASE, BASEFONT, BGSOUND, BIG, BLOCKQUOTE, BODY, BR, BUTTON, CAPTION, CENTER, CITE, CODE, COL, COLGROUP, COMMENT, DD, DFN, DIR, DIV, DL, DT, EM, EMBED, FONT, FORM, FRAME, FRAMESET, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, HEAD, HR, HTML, I, IFRAME, IMG, INPUT, KBD, LABEL, LI, LINK, LISTING, MAP, MARQUEE, MENU, NOBR, NOFRAMES, NOSCRIPT, OBJECT, OL, OPTION, P, PARAM, PLAINTEXT, PRE, S, SAMP


span Property

object.span[ = span]

Specifies how many columns are in the group.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This attribute should be ignored if the COLGROUP element contains one or more COL elements. The purpose of this attribute is to provide a more convenient way of grouping columns without the need to specify COL elements.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

COL, COLGROUP


src Property

object.src[ = src]

Specifies the URI of a sound to be played.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

BGSOUND


src Property

object.src[ = src]

Specifies a URI for the associated file.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

APPLET, FRAME, HR, IFRAME, IMG, UL


src Property

object.src

Specifies an external file that contains the source code.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

A script can contain an external reference as well as code within the block. The code specified by src precedes the code contained within the document.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

SCRIPT


srcElement Property

object.srcElement

The deepest element node that the event occurred over.

•	Returns srcElement.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

event


start Property

object.start[ = start]

Sets the start character position in relation to the entire stream.

•	Returns start.

If start is greater than end, then end is also set equal to this value. Setting this value greater than the length of the stream causes this value to be set to the last character position.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

TextRange


start Property

object.start[ = start]

Specifies the starting number for a list.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

OL


status Property

object.status[ = status]

This property is equivalent to the value property.

•	Returns status.

This is provided for Nav 3 compatibility. In NS, this property is hidden, however, we have chosen not to hide it.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

checkbox, radio


status Property

object.status[ = status]

For a window, the status property reflects a priority or transient message in the status bar at the bottom of the window, such as the message that appears when a mouseOver event occurs over an anchor.

•	Returns status.

Do not confuse status with defaultStatus . The defaultStatus property reflects the default message displayed in the status bar.

Netscape requires true to be returned from an event handler to update the status bar. Explorer 3.0 allows the status bar to be updated at any time, and ignores any return value from the event.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

window


strReadyState Property

object.strReadyState

Specifies the current state of an object being downloaded.

•	Returns strReadyState.

Each object may independently determine which of the three states they expose.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Settings

complete(4) 	The control is completely loaded.

interactive(3) 	The object can be interacted with even though it is not fully loaded.

loading(2) 	The control is currently being loaded.

unitialized(1) 	The object is not created. Usually when the object is being downloaded.

Applies To

APPLET, IMG, OBJECT, SCRIPT, document


style Property

object.style[ = style]

Specifies an in-line style sheet for the tag.

•	Returns style.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

A, ADDRESS, APPLET, AREA, B, BIG, BLOCKQUOTE, BODY, BR, BUTTON, CAPTION, CENTER, CITE, CODE, COL, COLGROUP, DD, DFN, DIR, DIV, DL, DT, EM, EMBED, FONT, FORM, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, HEAD, HR, I, IFRAME, IMG, INPUT, KBD, LABEL, LI, LISTING, MAP, MARQUEE, MENU, NOBR, NOFRAMES, OBJECT, OL, P, PLAINTEXT, PRE, S, SAMP, SELECT, SMALL, SPAN, STRIKE, STRONG, SUB, SUP, TABLE, TBODY, TD, TEXTAREA, TFOOT, TH, THEAD, TR, TT, U, UL, VAR, WBR, XMP


suffixes Property

object.suffixes

A comma separated list of filename suffixes that are used with the specified MIME type.

•	Returns suffixes.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

MimeType


tabIndex Property

object.tabIndex[ = tabIndex]

Sets the tabindex for the object.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

Tab selection order is determined by the value of tabIndex as follows:

First all elements with tabIndex > 0 are selected in increasing tabIndex order, or in source order for duplicate tabIndex values

Next all elements with tabIndex = 0, or without tabIndex set, in source order if more than one.

Elements with tabIndex = -1 are omitted from tab selection.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

INPUT, OBJECT, SELECT, TEXTAREA


tagName Property

object.tagName

Returns the tag for the current element.

•	Returns tagName.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

!-- --, A, ADDRESS, APPLET, AREA, B, BASE, BASEFONT, BGSOUND, BIG, BLOCKQUOTE, BODY, BR, BUTTON, CAPTION, CENTER, CITE, CODE, COL, COLGROUP, COMMENT, DD, DFN, DIR, DIV, DL, DT, EM, EMBED, FONT, FORM, FRAME, FRAMESET, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, HEAD, HR, HTML, I, IFRAME, IMG, INPUT, KBD, LABEL, LI, LINK, LISTING, MAP, MARQUEE, MENU, NOBR, NOFRAMES, NOSCRIPT, OBJECT, OL, OPTION, P, PARAM, PLAINTEXT, PRE, S, SAMP, SCRIPT, SELECT, SMALL, SPAN, STRIKE, STRONG, STYLE, SUB, SUP, TABLE, TBODY, TD, TEXTAREA, TFOOT, TH, THEAD, TITLE, TR, TT, U, UL, VAR, WBR, XMP


target Property

object.target[ = target]

Specifies the window or frame to target the contents at.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

If there is no frame or window that matches the specified target, a new window is opened for the link.

The default value for target depends upon the URL and site. If the user does not leave the site, the default is _self, but if the user exits to a new site, the default is _top.

Special Target Values
_blank	Specifies to load the link into a new blank window. This window is not named.
_parent	Specifies to load the link into the immediate parent of the document the link is in.
_self	Specifies to load the link into the same window the link was clicked in.
_top	Specifies to load the link into the full body of the window.
This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

A, AREA, BASE, FORM, LINK


text Property

object.text[ = text]

Sets or retrieves the text string specified by the OPTION tag.

•	Returns text.

Assigning a value to the text property changes the text property internally but does not cause the listed value to change. Submitting the form submits the internally stored value, not the one displayed.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

OPTION


text Property

object.text[ = text]

Sets the color of text on the page.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

Can be one of the Color Values.

Applies To

BODY


text Property

object.text[ = text]

Sets or gets the text contained within the block element.

•	Returns text.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

!-- --


text Property

object.text

The text contained within the block element.

•	Returns text.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

SCRIPT, TITLE


text Property

object.text[ = text]

Returns or sets the text contained within the range.

•	Returns text.

The text is formatted within the current context of the document.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

TextRange


textAlign Property

object.textAlign[ = textAlign]

•	Returns textAlign.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


textDecoration Property

object.textDecoration[ = textDecoration]

•	Returns textDecoration.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


textDecorationLineThrough Property

object.textDecorationLineThrough[ = textDecorationLineThrough]

Sets or returns whether the text has a line through it.

•	Returns textDecorationLineThrough.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

false 	(0)

true 	(-1)

Applies To

style


textDecorationOverline Property

object.textDecorationOverline[ = textDecorationOverline]

Sets or returns whether the text is overlined.

•	Returns textDecorationOverline.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

false 	(0)

true 	(-1)

Applies To

style


textDecorationUnderline Property

object.textDecorationUnderline[ = textDecorationUnderline]

Sets or returns whether the text is underlined.

•	Returns textDecorationUnderline.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

false 	(0)

true 	(-1)

Applies To

style


textIndent Property

object.textIndent

•	Returns textIndent.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

style


textTransform Property

object.textTransform

•	Returns 1.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Settings

cssCapitalize 	capitalize(1)

cssLowercase 	lowercase(4)

cssUppercase 	uppercase(2)

Applies To

style


title Property

object.title[ = title]

The Title attribute is used to provide advisory information.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The Title attribute is useful for at least two reasons. The HTML user agent may display the title of the document prior to retrieving it, for example, as a margin note or on a small box while the mouse is over the anchor, or while the document is being loaded. Another reason is that documents that are not marked up text, such as graphics, plain text and Gopher menus, do not have titles. The TITLE attribute can be used to provide a title to such documents. When using the TITLE attribute, the title should be valid and unique for the destination document.

The title specified in the header of the document displayed in the header bar of the window. The title is exposed in the object model on the document object.

The title is also rendered on other elements within the document as a tooltip.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

A, APPLET, FRAME, IFRAME, INPUT, LINK, OBJECT, SELECT, STYLE, TEXTAREA, document, ADDRESS, AREA, B, BASE, BASEFONT, BGSOUND, BIG, BLOCKQUOTE, BODY, BR, BUTTON, CAPTION, CENTER, CITE, CODE, COL, COLGROUP, COMMENT, DD, DFN, DIR, DIV, DL, DT, EM, EMBED, FONT, FORM, FRAMESET, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, HEAD, HR, HTML, I, IMG, KBD, LABEL, LI, LISTING, MAP, MARQUEE, MENU, NOBR, NOFRAMES, NOSCRIPT, OL, OPTION, P, PARAM, PLAINTEXT, PRE, S, SAMP, SCRIPT, SMALL, SPAN, STRIKE, STRONG, SUB, SUP, TABLE, TBODY, TD, TFOOT, TH, THEAD, TITLE, TR, TT, U, UL, VAR, WBR, XMP


toElement Property

object.toElement

Specifies the element being moved to for the 'onmouseover' and 'onmouseout' events.

•	Returns toElement.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

event


top Property

object.top[ = top]

Sets or returns the top position.

•	Returns top.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


top Property

object.top

The top-most ancestor window, which is its own parent.

•	Returns top.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

window


topMargin Property

object.topMargin[ = topMargin]

Specifies the margin for the top of the page and overrides the default margin.

•	Returns String.

If set to "", the margin will be exactly on the top edge.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

BODY


type Property

object.type[ = type]

Changes the style of the list.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The default value for this property is 5 (htmlListTypeNumbers).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

1 	htmlListTypeNumbers(5). Use numbers.

a 	htmlListTypeSmallAlpha(2). Use small letters.

a 	htmlListTypeLargeAlpha(1). Use large letters.

i 	htmlListTypeSmallRoman(4). Use small roman numerals.

i 	htmlListTypeLargeRoman(3). Use large roman numerals.

Applies To

LI, OL, UL


type Property

object.type[ = type]

Specifies the MIME type for the associated scripting engine.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

OBJECT


type Property

object.type

Specifies the type of intrinsic control.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The default value for this property is text (htmlControlTypeText).

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Settings

button 	htmlControlTypeButton(button). Command Button.

checkbox 	htmlControlTypeCheckbox(checkbox). Used for simple Boolean attributes or for attributes that can take multiple values at the same time. It is represented by a number of check box fields, each of which has the same name. Each selected check box generates a separate name/value pair in the submitted data, even if this results in duplicate names. The default value for check boxes is on .

hidden 	htmlControlTypeHidden(hidden). No field is presented to the user, but the content of the field is sent with the submitted form. This value can be used to transmit state information about client/server interaction.

image 	htmlControlTypeImage(image). An image field which you can click, causing the form to be immediately submitted. The coordinates of the selected point are measured in pixel units from the upper-left corner of the image, and are returned (along with the other contents of the form) in two name/value pairs. The x-coordinate is submitted under the name of the field with .x appended, and the y-coordinate is submitted under the name of the field with .y appended. Any VALUE attribute is ignored. The image itself is specified by the SRC attribute, exactly as for the Image element.

password 	htmlControlTypePassword(password). The same as the TEXT attribute, except that text is not displayed as the user enters it.

radio 	htmlControlTypeRadio(radio). Used for attributes that accept a single value from a set of alternatives. Each radio-button field in the group should be given the same name. Only the selected radio button in the group generates a name/value pair in the submitted data. Radio buttons require an explicit VALUE attribute.

reset 	htmlControlTypeReset(reset). RESET is a button that when pressed resets the form's fields to their specified initial values. The label to be displayed on the button may be specified just as for the SUBMIT button.

select-multiple 	htmlControlSelectMultiple(select-multiple). Specifies a multiple select list box.

select-one 	htmlTypeSelectOne(select-one). Single select list

select-one 	htmlControlSelectOne(select-one). Specifies a single-select list box.

submit 	htmlControlTypeSubmit(submit). SUBMIT is a button that when pressed submits the form. You can use the VALUE attribute to provide a non- editable label to be displayed on the button. The default label is application-specific. If a SUBMIT button is pressed in order to submit the form, and that button has a NAME attribute specified, then that button contributes a name/value pair to the submitted data. Otherwise, a SUBMIT button makes no contribution to the submitted data.

text 	htmlControlTypeText(text). Used for a single-line text-entry field. Use in conjunction with the SIZE and MAXLENGTH attributes.

textarea 	htmlControlTypeTextArea(textarea). Used for multiple-line text-entry fields. Use in conjunction with the SIZE and MAXLENGTH properties.

Applies To

TEXTAREA, SELECT, INPUT


type Property

object.type

Returns the type of selection.

•	Returns type.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Settings

htmlSelectionControl 	controlrange(2) The selection is a control element.

htmlSelectionNone 	none(0) No selection/insertion point

htmlSelectionTable 	tablerange(3) The selection is a table, cell, or row.

htmlSelectionText 	textrange(1) The selection is a text selection.

Applies To

selection


type Property

object.type[ = type]

Specifies the type of link or rel.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

LINK


type Property

object.type

Returns the CSS language that the style sheet is defined in.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

STYLE


URL Property

object.URL

Returns the URL for the current document.

•	Returns URL.

This property is an alias for the location property on the window.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

document


urn Property

object.urn[ = urn]

If present, the URN property specifies a uniform resource name (URN) for a target document. The format of URNs is under discussion (1994) by various working groups of the Internet Engineering Task Force.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

A, LINK


useMap Property

object.useMap[ = useMap]

Identifies the picture as a client-side image map and specifies a MAP to use for acting on the user's clicks.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

IMG


userAgent Property

object.userAgent

A string that represents the user-agent header sent in the HTTP protocol from the client to the server.

•	Returns userAgent.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

navigator


vAlign Property

object.vAlign[ = vAlign]

Displays the elements aligned at the top or bottom within the element.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The default value for this property is 2 (htmlVAlignCenter).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

baseline 	htmlVAlignBaseline(4). Vertical align to the baseline of the font.

bottom 	htmlVAlignBottom(3).

center 	htmlVAlignCenter(2).

top 	htmlVAlignTop(1).

Applies To

COL, COLGROUP, TBODY, TD, TFOOT, TH, THEAD, TR


vAlign Property

object.vAlign[ = vAlign]

Specifies whether the caption appears at the top or bottom.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The default value for this property is 1 (htmlVAlignTop).

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

bottom 	htmlVAlignBottom(3).

top 	htmlVAlignTop(1).

Applies To

CAPTION


value Property

object.value[ = value]

Changes the count of ordered lists as they progress.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

LI


value Property

object.value[ = value]

Sets or retrieves the value of the object.

•	Returns value.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

SELECT, TEXTAREA


value Property

object.value[ = value]

For textual/numerical controls, specifies the default value of the control. For Boolean controls, specifies the value to be returned when the control is turned on

•	Returns the current value of this property.

On a submit button, if the value is not specified, the caption defaults to "Submit". On a reset button, if the value is not specified, the caption defaults to "Reset".

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

INPUT, OPTION, PARAM


verticalAlign Property

object.verticalAlign[ = verticalAlign]

Sets or returns the vertical alignment.

•	Returns 1.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


visibility Property

object.visibility[ = visibility]

•	Returns visibility.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


vLink Property

object.vlinkColor[ = vLink]

The color of shortcuts that have already been visited.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Settings

Can be one of the Color Values.

Applies To

BODY, document


vlinkColor Property

object.vlinkColor[ = vlinkColor]

Sets or returns the color of links that have already been visited.

•	Returns vlinkColor.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

document


vres Property

object.vres

Returns the vertical resolution of the screen in pixels.

•	Returns vres.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

visual


vrml Property

object.vrml[ = vrml]

Embeds VRML worlds. This requires the Virtual Explorer plug-in to be installed.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

IMG


vspace Property

object.vspace[ = vspace]

Along with HSPACE , specifies margins for the element.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

Similar to BORDER , except the margins are not painted with color when the element is a hyperlink.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

APPLET, IFRAME, IMG, MARQUEE


width Property

object.width

Returns the calculated width of the element in pixels. In HTML, this property may be initially set in pixels or percentages.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

The default width of a <HR > element is the width of the screen. The width property on an IMG or a FIG allows the size of the image to be defined in advance to speed up the rendering of the page.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

APPLET, COL, COLGROUP, EMBED, FRAME, HR, IFRAME, IMG, OBJECT, P, PRE, TABLE, TD, TH


width Property

object.width[ = width]

Set or return the width.

•	Returns width.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

dialog, BODY, style


width Property

object.width

Returns the calculated width of the marquee in window coordinates. In HTML, this attribute may be initially set in pixels or percentages.

•	Returns the current value of this property.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

MARQUEE


width Property

object.width[ = width]

Set or returns the width of the element. This property accepts all valid HTML units.

•	Returns width.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

CAPTION, TABLE, TD, TH, TR


x Property

object.x

Specifies the horizontal position of the mouse in window coordinates.

•	Returns x.

If the mouse is outside the window when the event is called, this property returns -1.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

event


y Property

object.y

Specifies the vertical position of the mouse in pixels in window coordinates.

•	Returns y.

If the mouse is outside the window at the time the event fires, this property returns -1.

This property has read-only permission, meaning you can retrieve its current value, but not change it.

Applies To

event


zIndex Property

object.zIndex[ = zIndex]

•	Returns zIndex.

This property has read-write permissions, meaning you can change as well as retrieve its current value.

Applies To

style


Color Values

Properties can return or be set to the following color values:

aliceblue 	htmlAliceBlue. F0F8FF

antiquewhite 	htmlAntiqueWhite. FAEBD7

aqua 	htmlAqua. 00FFFF

aquamarine 	htmlAquaMarine. 7FFFD4

azure 	htmlAzure. F0FFFF

beige 	htmlBeige. F5F5DC

bisque 	htmlBisque. FFE4C4

black 	htmlBlack.

blanchedalmond 	htmlBlancedAlmond. FFEBCD

blue 	htmlBlue.

blueviolet 	htmlBlueViolet. 8A2BE2

brown 	htmlBrown. A52A2A

burlywood 	htmlBurlywood. DEB887

cadetblue 	htmlCadetBlue. 5F9EA0

chartreuse 	htmlChartReuse. 7FFF00

chocolate 	htmlChocolate. D2691E

coral 	htmlCoral. FF7F50

cornflowerblue 	htmlCornFlowerBlue. 6495ED

cornsilk 	htmlCornSilk. FFF8DC

crimson 	htmlCrimson. DC143C

cyan 	htmlCyan. 00FFFF

darkblue 	htmlDarkBlue. 00008B

darkcyan 	htmlDarkCyan. 008B8B

darkgoldenrod 	htmlDarkGoldenRod. B8860B

darkgray 	htmlDarkGray. A9A9A9

darkgreen 	htmlDarkGreen(6401). 006400

darkkhaki 	htmlDarkKhaki. BDB76B

darkmagenta 	htmlDarkMagenta. 8B008B

darkolivegreen 	htmlDarkOliveGreen. 556B2F

darkorange 	htmlDarkOrange. FF8C00

darkorchid 	htmlDarkOrchid. 9932CC

darkred 	htmlDarkRed. 8B0000

darksalmon 	htmlDarkSalmon. E9967A

darkseagreen 	htmlDarkSeagreen. 8FBC8F

darkslateblue 	htmlDarkSlateBlue. 483D8B

darkslategray 	htmlDarkSlateGray. 2F4F4F

darkturquoise 	htmlDarkTurquoise. 00CED1

darkviolet 	htmlDarkViolet(9400001). 9400D3

deeppink 	htmlDarkPink. FF1493

deepskyblue 	htmlDeepSkyBlue. 00BFFF

dimgray 	htmlDimGray(696970). 696969

dodgerblue 	htmlDodgerBlue. 1E90FF

firebrick 	htmlFirebrick. B22222

floralwhite 	htmlFloralWhite. FFFAF0

forestgreen 	htmlForestGreen. 228B22

fuchsia 	htmlFuchsia. FF00FF

gainsboro 	htmlGainsboro. DCDCDC

ghostwhite 	htmlGhostWhite. F8F8FF

gold 	htmlGold. FFD700

goldenrod 	htmlGoldenrod. DAA520

gray 	htmlGray(808081). 808080

green 	htmlGreen. 008000

greenyellow 	htmlGreenYellow. ADFF2F

honeydew 	htmlHoneydew. F0FFF0

hotpink 	htmlHotPink. FF69B4

indianred 	htmlIndianRed. CD5C5C

indigo 	htmlIndigo. 4B0082

ivory 	htmlIvory. FFFFF0

khaki 	htmlKhaki. F0E68C

lavender 	htmlLavender. E6E6FA

lavenderblush 	htmlLavenderBlush. FFF0F5

lawngreen 	htmlLawnGreen. 7CFC00

lemonchiffon 	htmlLemonChiffon. FFFACD

lightblue 	htmlLightBlue. ADD8E6

lightcoral 	htmlLightCoral. F08080

lightcyan 	htmlLightCyan. E0FFFF

lime 	htmlLime.

maroon 	htmlMaroon.

navy 	htmlNavy.

olive 	htmlOlive.

purple 	htmlPurple.

red 	htmlRed.

rgb 	htmlRGB. Specifies the hexadecimal RGB code.

silver 	htmlSilver.

teal 	htmlTeal.

white 	htmlWhite.

yellow 	htmlYellow.


all Collection

object.all(index)

The collection of elements in the body of the document.

•	Returns all.

index

An array index. The first item in the collection has index 0, the next 1, and so on.

This collection is indexed first by name, then by id. If duplicate names are found, a collection of those named items is returned. The resulting collection can only be referenced by ordinal position.

All other collections of elements are derived from this collection and follow the same indexing rules.

This is a collection of Element Objects.

Applies To

document


anchors Collection

object.anchors(index)

A 0-based collection of anchors in the ordered based on the HTML document.

•	Returns anchors.

index

An array index. The first item in the collection has index 0, the next 1, and so on.

This is a collection of A tags.

This collection is indexed first by name, then by id. If duplicate names are found, a collection of those named items is returned. The resulting collection can only be referenced by ordinal position.

Applies To

document


applets Collection

object.applets(index)

Collection of all objects in the document. This collection includes all intrinsic controls, images, applets, embeds, and objects.

•	Returns applets.

index

An array index. The first item in the collection has index 0, the next 1, and so on.

This collection is indexed first by name, then by id. If duplicate names are found, a collection of those named items is returned. The resulting collection can only be referenced by ordinal position.

Applies To

document


areas Collection

object.areas(index)

Collection of areas that make up the image map.

•	Returns areas.

index

An array index. The first item in the collection has index 0, the next 1, and so on.

Areas may be added or removed from the collection.

This is a collection of AREA tags.

This collection is indexed first by name, then by id. If duplicate names are found, a collection of those named items is returned. The resulting collection can only be referenced by ordinal position.

Applies To

MAP


cells Collection

object.cells(index)

Collection of all the cells in the row, regardless if they are <TH> or <TD> cells.

•	Returns cells.

index

An array index. The first item in the collection has index 0, the next 1, and so on.

This is a collection of TD tags.

This collection is indexed first by name, then by id. If duplicate names are found, a collection of those named items is returned. The resulting collection can only be referenced by ordinal position.

Applies To

TR


elements Collection

object.elements(index)

A 0-based collection of form elements. The order of this collection is determined by the HTML source.

•	Returns elements.

index

An array index. The first item in the collection has index 0, the next 1, and so on.

This collection is indexed first by name, then by id. If duplicate names are found, a collection of those named items is returned. The resulting collection can only be referenced by ordinal position.

This is a collection of Element Objects.

Applies To

FORM


embeds Collection

object.embeds(index)

Collection of all the embed tags on the document.

•	Returns embeds.

index

An array index. The first item in the collection has index 0, the next 1, and so on.

This is a collection of EMBED tags.

This collection is indexed first by name, then by id. If duplicate names are found, a collection of those named items is returned. The resulting collection can only be referenced by ordinal position.

Applies To

document


forms Collection

object.forms(index)

A 0-based collection of all the forms in the page. The order is determined by the HTML source order.

•	Returns forms.

index

An array index. The first item in the collection has index 0, the next 1, and so on.

This is a collection of FORM tags.

This collection is indexed first by name, then by id. If duplicate names are found, a collection of those named items is returned. The resulting collection can only be referenced by ordinal position.

Applies To

document


frames Collection

object.frames(index)

A 0-based collection of all the child frame windows defined within a <FRAMESET> tag. The order is determined by the HTML source.

•	Returns frames.

index

An array index. The first item in the collection has index 0, the next 1, and so on.

This is a collection of FRAME tags.

This collection is indexed first by name, then by id. If duplicate names are found, a collection of those named items is returned. The resulting collection can only be referenced by ordinal position.

Applies To

window


frames Collection

object.frames(index)

Collection of the in-line frames within a document.

•	Returns frames.

index

An array index. The first item in the collection has index 0, the next 1, and so on.

This is a collection of IFRAME tags.

This collection is indexed first by name, then by id. If duplicate names are found, a collection of those named items is returned. The resulting collection can only be referenced by ordinal position.

Applies To

document


images Collection

object.images(index)

Collection of images on the page in source order.

•	Returns images.

index

An array index. The first item in the collection has index 0, the next 1, and so on.

This is a collection of IMG tags.

This collection is indexed first by name, then by id. If duplicate names are found, a collection of those named items is returned. The resulting collection can only be referenced by ordinal position.

Applies To

document


links Collection

object.links(index)

A 0-based collection of the links and AREA blocks in the HTML document.

•	Returns links.

index

An array index. The first item in the collection has index 0, the next 1, and so on.

This collection is indexed first by name, then by id. If duplicate names are found, a collection of those named items is returned. The resulting collection can only be referenced by ordinal position.

Applies To

document


options Collection

object.options(index)

This is a 0-based collection of the elements in a select object.

•	Returns options.

index

An array index. The first item in the collection has index 0, the next 1, and so on.

To delete an option from a Select object you assign the option a null value. This compresses the array.

This is a collection of OptionsArray tags.

This collection is indexed first by name, then by id. If duplicate names are found, a collection of those named items is returned. The resulting collection can only be referenced by ordinal position.

Applies To

SELECT


plugins Collection

object.plugins(index)

This is an alias for the embeds collection on the document.

•	Returns plugins.

index

An array index. The first item in the collection has index 0, the next 1, and so on.

This collection is indexed first by name, then by id. If duplicate names are found, a collection of those named items is returned. The resulting collection can only be referenced by ordinal position.

Applies To

document


rows Collection

object.rows(index)

Collection of all the rows in the table, regardless if they are in the thead, tbody, or tfoot.

•	Returns rows.

index

An array index. The first item in the collection has index 0, the next 1, and so on.

This is a collection of TR tags.

This collection is indexed first by name, then by id. If duplicate names are found, a collection of those named items is returned. The resulting collection can only be referenced by ordinal position.

Applies To

TABLE


scripts Collection

object.scripts(index)

Collection of scripts in the HTML document.

•	Returns scripts.

index

An array index. The first item in the collection has index 0, the next 1, and so on.

This collection contains all the scripts in the document in source order regardless of the script's location in the document (whether it be in the head or body).

This is a collection of SCRIPT tags.

This collection is indexed first by name, then by id. If duplicate names are found, a collection of those named items is returned. The resulting collection can only be referenced by ordinal position.

Applies To

document


onabort Event

Private Sub object_onabort()

Specifies the code to execute if the user aborts the download of the image.

An image may be aborted by clicking on a link, hitting the stop button, etc.

Applies To

IMG


onafterupdate Event

Private Sub object_onafterupdate()

Fired following the transfer of data from the element to the data provider (after a successful onbeforeupdate).

This event can occur only if data binding is active for the page (see HTML for Data Binding) and only after a onbeforeupdate event has fired (meaning the element's data has changed). This event is not cancelable.

Applies To

A, APPLET, AREA, BODY, DIV, EMBED, IMG, INPUT, MARQUEE, OBJECT, SELECT, TABLE, TD, TEXTAREA, TH, document, BUTTON


onbeforeupdate Event

Private Sub object_onbeforeupdate(can_cancel)

Fired before the transfer of data from the element to the data provider. Fired when an element loses focus or the page is attempted to unload when the value of the element has changed from the value that was in the element at the time it received the focus.

can_cancel

A boolean value specifying whether the event can be cancelled.

This event is cancellable. This allows the programmer to fail the validation and leave the content of the field as well as the cursor intact. All subsequent events are not fired when this event is canceled.

This event can occur only if data binding is active for the page (see HTML for Data Binding).

Applies To

A, APPLET, AREA, BODY, DIV, EMBED, IMG, INPUT, MARQUEE, OBJECT, SELECT, TABLE, TD, TEXTAREA, TH, document, BUTTON


onblur Event

Private Sub object_onblur()

Used to specify the code to execute when the control loses the focus.

This event is fired even when clicking on another control, the background of the page, switching applications, or opening another window within the browser.

For the window object, this event can be persisted as an attribute of the body tag.

Applies To

A, APPLET, AREA, DIV, EMBED, FRAME, FRAMESET, IFRAME, IMG, INPUT, OBJECT, SELECT, TEXTAREA, BODY, window, BUTTON


onbounce Event

Private Sub object_onbounce(side As eSide)

Fires when behavior is set to alternate, and the contents of the marquee reaches the the specified side.

side

(eSide) Specifies the side the marquee bounces off of.

bottom 	bottom(bottom). Hit the bottom side.

left 	left(left). Hit the left edge.

right 	right(right). The right side.

top 	top(top). Hit the top side.

Applies To

MARQUEE


onchange Event

Private Sub object_onchange()

Occurs when the contents of the object have changed.

This event is fired when the contents are committed, not while the value is changing. For example, on a textbox, this event is not fired while the user is typing, but rather when the user commits their change by hitting ENTER or leaving the textboxes focus. This code is executed before the code specified by onBlur, if the control is also losing the focus.

Applies To

INPUT, SELECT, TEXTAREA


onclick Event

Private Sub object_onclick()

Occurs when the user presses and then releases a mouse button over an object, or when the value of a control is changed.

The 'onclick' event is fired after the onfocus event for focusable elements.

For the form or page, the event occurs when the user clicks a blank area of the form or a disabled control on the form.

For controls, the event occurs when the user does any of the following:

•	Clicks the control with the left mouse button. Clicking with other mouse buttons does not initiate the 'onclick' event.

•	Selects an item in a combo box or list box by clicking the left mouse button or by pressing the arrow keys and then pressing the ENTER key.

•	Presses the SPACEBAR when a command button, check box, option button, or toggle button has the focus.

•	Presses the ENTER key on a form that has a default command button.

•	Presses the ESC key on a form that has a command button whose Cancel property is set to Yes.

•	Presses a control's accelerator key.

•	Changes the value of a control in an option group. This initiates the event for the group, not for the individual control. For example, if you click a toggle button, option button, or check box in an option group, the onclick event for the option group occurs after the 'onbeforeupdate' and 'onafterupdate' events for the option group.

•	Chooses a command button. If the command button doesn't already have the focus, the 'onfocus' events for the command button occur before the 'onclick' event.

•	Double-clicks a control with the left mouse button. This causes both the 'ondblclick' and the 'onclick' event to occur.

The sequence of events leading to the 'onclick' event is:

1	onmousedown

2	onmouseup

3	onclick

The onmousedown and onmouseup events must occur in sequence when the mouse pointer is over an object for this event to be initiated.

For command buttons, double-clicking initiates the following events, in this order:

1	onclick

2	ondblclick

3	onclick

Settings

This event can be canceled. For example, to prevent going to a link specified by an anchor, you would return false to this event.

Applies To

A, ADDRESS, APPLET, AREA, B, BIG, BLOCKQUOTE, BODY, BUTTON, CAPTION, CENTER, CITE, CODE, COL, DD, DFN, DIR, DIV, DL, DT, EM, EMBED, FONT, FRAMESET, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, HR, I, IMG, INPUT, KBD, LABEL, LI, LISTING, MAP, MARQUEE, MENU, OBJECT, OL, P, PLAINTEXT, PRE, S, SAMP, SELECT, SMALL, SPAN, STRIKE, STRONG, SUB, SUP, TABLE, TBODY, TD, TEXTAREA, TFOOT, TH, THEAD, TR, TT, U, UL, VAR, XMP, document


ondblclick Event

Private Function object_ondblclick()

Occurs when the user clicks twice over an object.

•	Returns Boolean

The 'ondblclick' event occurs when the user clicks twice (presses and releases the left mouse button and then presses and releases it again) over an object. The two clicks must occur within the time limit specified by the system's Double-click speed setting.

The order of events leading to the 'ondblclick' event is:

1	onmousedown

2	onmouseup

3	onclick

4	onmouseup

5	ondblclick

Settings

Returning False cancels the default action.

Applies To

A, ADDRESS, APPLET, AREA, B, BIG, BLOCKQUOTE, BODY, BUTTON, CAPTION, CENTER, CITE, CODE, COL, DD, DFN, DIR, DIV, DL, DT, EM, EMBED, FONT, FORM, SELECT, FRAMESET, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, HR, I, IMG, INPUT, KBD, LABEL, LI, LISTING, MAP, MARQUEE, MENU, OBJECT, OL, P, PLAINTEXT, PRE, S, SAMP, SMALL, SPAN, STRIKE, STRONG, SUB, SUP, TABLE, TBODY, TD, TEXTAREA, TFOOT, TH, THEAD, TR, TT, U, UL, VAR, XMP, document


onerror Event

Private Sub object_onerror()

This event is fired when an error occurs loading the image.

Applies To

IMG


onfinish Event

Private Sub object_onfinish()

Fires when looping is complete.

Applies To

MARQUEE


onfocus Event

Private Sub object_onfocus()

This code is executed when the control receives the focus.

JavaScript can force the NetScape navigator into an infinite loop by displaying an alert box during this event handler. This causes the 'onfocus' event to be fired infinitely as the control loses then regains the focus. For the window object, this event can be persisted as an attribute of the body tag.

Applies To

A, APPLET, AREA, DIV, EMBED, FRAME, FRAMESET, IFRAME, IMG, INPUT, OBJECT, SELECT, TEXTAREA, window, BODY, BUTTON


onhelp Event

Private Sub object_onhelp()

This event is fired when the user hits the F1 or help key on the browser.

Applies To

A, ADDRESS, APPLET, AREA, B, BIG, BLOCKQUOTE, BODY, BUTTON, CAPTION, CENTER, CITE, CODE, COL, DD, DFN, DIR, DIV, DL, DT, EM, EMBED, FONT, FORM, FRAMESET, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, HR, I, IMG, INPUT, KBD, LABEL, LI, LISTING, MAP, MARQUEE, MENU, OBJECT, OL, P, PLAINTEXT, PRE, S, SAMP, SELECT, SMALL, SPAN, STRIKE, STRONG, SUB, SUP, TABLE, TBODY, TD, TEXTAREA, TFOOT, TH, THEAD, TR, TT, U, UL, VAR, XMP, document, window


onkeydown Event

Private Function object_onkeydown(shift As htmlShift)

'onkeydown' occurs when the user presses a key.

•	Returns Integer

shift

(htmlShift) Specifies the state of the Shift, Ctrl, and Alt keys.

htmlAltMask 	alt(4). Specifies that the Alt key was pressed.

htmlCtrlMask 	ctrl(2). Specifies that the Ctrl key was pressed.

htmlShiftMask 	shift(1). Specifies that the Shift key was pressed.

Settings

The return value can be used to override the keycode.

Applies To

A, APPLET, AREA, BODY, DIV, EMBED, IMG, INPUT, MAP, MARQUEE, OBJECT, SELECT, TABLE, TD, TEXTAREA, TH, document


onkeypress Event

Private Function object_onkeypress()

'onkeypress' occurs when a user presses a key.

•	Returns Integer

Settings

The return value can be used to override the keyascii value.

Applies To

A, APPLET, AREA, BODY, DIV, EMBED, IMG, INPUT, MAP, MARQUEE, OBJECT, SELECT, TABLE, TD, TEXTAREA, TH, document


onkeyup Event

Private Function object_onkeyup(shift As htmlShift)

'onkeyup' occurs when the user releases a key.

•	Returns Integer

shift

(htmlShift) Specifies the state of the Shift, Ctrl, and Alt keys.

htmlAltMask 	alt(4). Specifies that the Alt key was pressed.

htmlCtrlMask 	ctrl(2). Specifies that the Ctrl key was pressed.

htmlShiftMask 	shift(1). Specifies that the Shift key was pressed.

Settings

The return value can be used to override the keycode.

Applies To

A, APPLET, AREA, BODY, DIV, EMBED, IMG, INPUT, MAP, MARQUEE, OBJECT, SELECT, TABLE, TD, TEXTAREA, TH, document


onload Event

Private Sub object_onload()

This event is fired when the element is loaded.

For the window object, this event can be persisted as an attribute of the body tag.

Applies To

FRAME, APPLET, EMBED, IMG, OBJECT, window


onmousedown Event

Private Sub object_onmousedown(y As Long, x As Long, shift As htmlShift, button As htmlButton)

'onmousedown' occurs when the user presses a pointer devices button.

y

(Long) The vertical offset in pixels.

x

(Long) The horizontal position in pixels.

shift

(htmlShift) Specifies the state of the Shift, Ctrl, and Alt keys.

htmlAltMask 	alt(4). Specifies that the Alt key was pressed.

htmlCtrlMask 	ctrl(2). Specifies that the Ctrl key was pressed.

htmlShiftMask 	shift(1). Specifies that the Shift key was pressed.

button

(htmlButton) An integer value that identifies the mouse button which caused a given event.

htmlButtonLeft 	left(1). Left Button.

htmlButtonMiddle 	middle(4). Middle Button

htmlButtonRight 	right(2). Right Button.

The event ordering for Mouse related events is:

1	'onmousedown'

2	onmouseup

3	onclick

4	ondblclick

5	onmouseup

Applies To

A, ADDRESS, APPLET, AREA, B, BIG, BLOCKQUOTE, BODY, BUTTON, CAPTION, CENTER, CITE, CODE, COL, DD, DFN, DIR, DIV, DL, DT, EM, EMBED, FONT, FORM, FRAMESET, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, HR, I, IMG, INPUT, KBD, LABEL, LI, LISTING, MAP, MARQUEE, MENU, OBJECT, OL, P, PLAINTEXT, PRE, S, SAMP, SELECT, SMALL, SPAN, STRIKE, STRONG, SUB, SUP, TABLE, TBODY, TD, TEXTAREA, TFOOT, TH, THEAD, TR, TT, U, UL, VAR, XMP, document


onmousemove Event

Private Sub object_onmousemove(y As Long, x As Long, shift As htmlShift, button As htmlButton)

Occurs when the user moves the mouse.

y

(Long) The vertical offset in pixels.

x

(Long) The horizontal position in pixels.

shift

(htmlShift) Specifies the state of the Shift, Ctrl, and Alt keys.

htmlAltMask 	alt(4). Specifies that the Alt key was pressed.

htmlCtrlMask 	ctrl(2). Specifies that the Ctrl key was pressed.

htmlShiftMask 	shift(1). Specifies that the Shift key was pressed.

button

(htmlButton) An integer value that identifies the mouse button which caused a given event.

htmlButtonLeft 	left(1). Left Button.

htmlButtonMiddle 	middle(4). Middle Button

htmlButtonRight 	right(2). Right Button.

The event ordering for moving the mouse is as follows:

1	onmouseover

2	onmousemove

3	onmouseenter

Applies To

A, ADDRESS, APPLET, AREA, B, BIG, BLOCKQUOTE, BODY, BUTTON, CAPTION, CENTER, CITE, CODE, COL, DD, DFN, DIR, DIV, DL, DT, EM, EMBED, FONT, FORM, FRAMESET, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, HR, I, IMG, INPUT, KBD, LABEL, LI, LISTING, MAP, MARQUEE, MENU, OBJECT, OL, P, PLAINTEXT, PRE, S, SAMP, SELECT, SMALL, SPAN, STRIKE, STRONG, SUB, SUP, TABLE, TBODY, TD, TEXTAREA, TFOOT, TH, THEAD, TR, TT, U, UL, VAR, XMP, document


onmouseout Event

Private Sub object_onmouseout()

Fired when the mouse leaves the element.

The event ordering for moving the mouse is as follows:

1	onmouseover

2	onmousemove

3	onmouseout

Applies To

A, ADDRESS, APPLET, AREA, B, BIG, BLOCKQUOTE, BODY, BUTTON, CAPTION, CENTER, CITE, CODE, COL, DD, DFN, DIR, DIV, DL, DT, EM, EMBED, FONT, FORM, FRAMESET, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, HR, I, IMG, INPUT, KBD, LABEL, LI, LISTING, MAP, MARQUEE, MENU, OBJECT, OL, P, PLAINTEXT, PRE, S, SAMP, SELECT, SMALL, SPAN, STRIKE, STRONG, SUB, SUP, TABLE, TBODY, TD, TEXTAREA, TFOOT, TH, THEAD, TR, TT, U, UL, VAR, XMP, document


onmouseover Event

Private Sub object_onmouseover()

This event is fired when the mouse first enters the element.

The code is executed only the first time the mouse enters the element.

The event ordering for moving the mouse is as follows:

1	onmouseover

2	onmousemove

3	onmouseenter

Applies To

A, ADDRESS, APPLET, AREA, B, BIG, BLOCKQUOTE, BODY, BUTTON, CAPTION, CENTER, CITE, CODE, COL, DD, DFN, DIR, DIV, DL, DT, EM, EMBED, FONT, FORM, FRAMESET, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, HR, I, IMG, INPUT, KBD, LABEL, LI, LISTING, MAP, MARQUEE, MENU, OBJECT, OL, P, PLAINTEXT, PRE, S, SAMP, SELECT, SMALL, SPAN, STRIKE, STRONG, SUB, SUP, TABLE, TBODY, TD, TEXTAREA, TFOOT, TH, THEAD, TR, TT, U, UL, VAR, XMP, document


onmouseup Event

Private Sub object_onmouseup(y As Long, x As Long, shift As htmlShift, button As htmlButton)

Occurs when the user releases a mouse button.

y

(Long) The vertical offset in pixels.

x

(Long) The horizontal position in pixels.

shift

(htmlShift) Specifies the state of the Shift, Ctrl, and Alt keys.

htmlAltMask 	alt(4). Specifies that the Alt key was pressed.

htmlCtrlMask 	ctrl(2). Specifies that the Ctrl key was pressed.

htmlShiftMask 	shift(1). Specifies that the Shift key was pressed.

button

(htmlButton) An integer value that identifies the mouse button which caused a given event.

htmlButtonLeft 	left(1). Left Button.

htmlButtonMiddle 	middle(4). Middle Button

htmlButtonRight 	right(2). Right Button.

Applies To

A, ADDRESS, APPLET, AREA, B, BIG, BLOCKQUOTE, BODY, BUTTON, CAPTION, CENTER, CITE, CODE, COL, DD, DFN, DIR, DIV, DL, DT, EM, EMBED, FONT, FORM, FRAMESET, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, HR, I, IMG, INPUT, KBD, LABEL, LI, LISTING, MAP, MARQUEE, MENU, OBJECT, OL, P, PLAINTEXT, PRE, S, SAMP, SELECT, SMALL, SPAN, STRIKE, STRONG, SUB, SUP, TABLE, TBODY, TD, TEXTAREA, TFOOT, TH, THEAD, TR, TT, U, UL, VAR, XMP, document


onreadystatechange Event

Private Sub object_onreadystatechange()

Fired whenever the readyState for the object has changed.

When an element changes to the loaded state, this event fires immediately before the firing of the load event.

Settings

Each object may choose to expose which set of readyStates they are exposing. This event should be fired whenever the readystate is changed.

Applies To

APPLET, EMBED, IMG, OBJECT, SCRIPT, document


onreset Event

Private Sub object_onreset()

A reset event occurs when a user resets a form (clicks a Reset button). The 'onreset' event handler executes code when a reset event occurs.

Applies To

FORM


onrowenter Event

Private Sub object_onrowenter()

This event fires to indicate that the current row has changed and new data values are available.

This event only applies to objects that identify themselves as a data provider and occurs only if data binding is active for the page (see HTML for Data Binding).

Applies To

OBJECT


onrowexit Event

Private Sub object_onrowexit(can_cancel)

This event fires just prior to the data source control changing the current row.

can_cancel

A boolean value specifying whether the event can be cancelled.

This event only applies to objects that identify themselves as a data provider and occurs only if data binding is active for the page (see HTML for Data Binding).

Applies To

OBJECT


onscroll Event

Private Sub object_onscroll(scrollParam As ScrollObject)

Occurs when the scroll box is repositioned. The default action of this event is to scroll.

scrollParam

(ScrollObject) An object containing information about the scroll event.

The results of the 'onscroll' event are returned in the following arguments: ActionX, ActionY, ActualX, and ActualY. ActionX and ActionY identify the action that occurred. ActualX and ActualY identify the distance that the scrollbox traveled.

Applies To

BODY, DIV


onselect Event

Private Sub object_onselect()

Specifies code to execute on each change in selection.

This will fire as the mouse moves from character to character during a drag selection.

Applies To

INPUT, TEXTAREA


onstart Event

Private Sub object_onstart()

When a loop begins, and when a bounce cycle begins for alternate behavior.

Applies To

MARQUEE


onsubmit Event

Private Function object_onsubmit()

Specifies code to execute when a form is about to be submitted.

•	Returns Boolean

The 'onsubmit' event default action is to submit the form. This event can be overridden by returning false in the event handler. The purpose of this is to allow the developer to do validation of the data on the client side and prevent invalid data from being submitted to the server.

Applies To

FORM


onunload Event

Private Sub object_onunload()

Specifies code to execute immediately prior to the page being unloaded.

For the window object, the onunload event can be persisted on the body.

Applies To

FRAME, window


About the Scripting Object Model

The Microsoft® Internet Explorer scripting object model is a structure for manipulating the Explorer browser application by embedding VBScript and JScript in HTML documents. The Internet Explorer model is compatible with Netscape Navigator™ with the object model used in the JScript™ language.

The Microsoft Internet Explorer object model is accessible from any scripting language that is compatible with the ActiveX scripting framework, such as Microsoft Visual Basic® Scripting Edition (VBScript). This document provides an overview of the object model, sample code (in VBScript and in JScript), and reference information. This document includes descriptions of the methods, properties, and events used with scripting engines in Internet Explorer.

Notes  	1	All properties and methods that modify the HTML contents must be called during HTML parse time. The code must reside in a script block that runs inline during the loading of the HTML document. This is called immediate execution in the ActiveX Scripting Model.

2	VBScript uses parentheses, "( )", for indexing arrays; JScript uses square brackets, "[ ]", and both use "( )" for passing function and method arguments, when appropriate. Most examples in this document are in VBScript.

3	JScript is case sensitive; VBScript is not.


Attaching and Invoking Scripts

There are three ways to attach and invoke scripts in HTML:

•	Use the SCRIPT tag.

•	Use those attributes of HTML elements that support scripts.

•	Use a custom URL type.


Using the SCRIPT Element

Use the SCRIPT element to add scripts to HTML. SCRIPT is an element for embedding script code in a document. Using SCRIPT, the full source code of a script can be included within the document. The SCRIPT element can be used to point to external scripts, using the SRC attribute.

For example, this HTML describes a page with a SCRIPT element which includes code written in VBScript:

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="VBScript">

<!--

document.write("Hello, Webmaster.")

-->

</SCRIPT>

The example in JScript would read:

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="Javascript">

document.write("Hello, Webmaster.")

</SCRIPT>


Evaluation of SCRIPT

The SCRIPT element is evaluated when the document is loaded. All code is executed at load time in the order in which it appears in the document. Therefore, any reference to an object must appear in the text after the script element in which the object is defined.

The document object's write method can insert both text and objects—such as buttons and ActiveX controls. These objects can be referenced only in a script block following the script block that defined them. You will be able to refer to and copy references to objects that are the result of a code download. You can invoke any method on an object—but only when the object has been downloaded.


Using Scripts as Attributes of HTML Elements

Another way to insert scripts is to use the attributes of HTML elements that support scripts. When these attributes match with events on the elements, the script is executed when the event occurs. This can be done with HTML elements, such as forms, buttons, or links; however, this method does not work for items inserted using the OBJECT element.

The following example uses this syntax in Button1 to handle the onClick event. To demonstrate the ability to combine multiple scripting languages on the same page, the script for Button1 is implemented in VBScript and that for Button2 in JScript.

<FORM NAME="Form1">

<INPUT TYPE="button" NAME="Button1" VALUE="VBScript"

onClick="pressed" LANGUAGE="VBScript">

<INPUT TYPE="button" NAME="Button2" ="JScript"

onClick="pressed2( )" language="Javascript">

</form>

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="VBScript">

sub pressed

document.Form1.Button1.value="Pressed"

alert "Pressed the VBScript button"

end sub

</SCRIPT>

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="Javascript">

function pressed2( )

{

document.Form1.Button2.value="Pressed"

alert("Pressed the Java button.")

}

</SCRIPT>

Note the use of the language attribute on the input tag to indicate the scriptlet's language. If no language is specified, the scriptlet defaults to the language of the most recently encountered script block. If no script block has been encountered, the language defaults to JScript.

The elements FORM, INPUT, BODY, and A support this syntax, but with differing events. See the individual tags referenced later in this document.


An Alternative Using SCRIPT

The SCRIPT element can also be used with the FOR="object" EVENT="eventname" syntax. This method can be used for any named elements, and for any elements inserted using the OBJECT tag. The following example is similar to the previous script example, but it uses a different syntax:

<FORM NAME="Form1">

<INPUT TYPE="button" NAME="Button1" VALUE="Click">

<SCRIPT FOR="Button1" EVENT="onClick" LANGUAGE="VBScript">

alert "Button has been pressed"

document.Form1.Button1.value="PRESSED"

</SCRIPT>

</form>


Using Scripts in URLs

Scripts can be invoked using the A element combined with a custom URL type. This allows a script to be executed when the user clicks on a hyperlink. This URL type is valid in any context, but is most useful when used with the A element. For example:

<A HREF="javascript:alert('hi there')">Click me to see a message.</A>

Syntax

script-engine:script-code

Use the script-engine:script-code syntax to executes the script code using the script engine when the URL is resolved. For example, to execute a script when the user clicks on a hyperlink, use:

<TITLE> JScript example </TITLE>

<A HREF="javascript:alert(document.title)">Click here to see the title of the current document.</A>

Notice that the script is executed in the context of the current page, which means that document.title evaluates to the document containing the script.

Argument	Type	Description
script-engine	String	A string that names a scripting engine. "Javascript" is the only acceptable value.
script-code	String	A string that evaluates to a script in the syntax supported by the scripting engine. This script is executed by the scripting engine when the URL is evaluated.
Note  This syntax is only supported for JScript; in particular, VBScript: will not work in Internet Explorer; however, you can call VBScript functions with the <A HREF="javascript:FunctionName()"> syntax. This syntax does not support VBScript processing in the URL itself. For example:

<HTML>

<SCRIPT language="VBScript">

<--

Sub CallMe( )

MsgBox("Called")

End Sub

-->

</SCRIPT>

<BODY>

This is a <A HREF="JavaScript:CallMe()">link</A>

&lt/BODY>

&lt/HTML>


Object Hierarchy and Scoping

There are ten objects to consider in the HTML object model:

•	Window

•	Frame

•	History

•	Navigator

•	Location

•	Document

•	Link

•	Anchor

•	Form

•	Element

These objects are organized in the following hierarchy (the dotted line following an object indicates that multiple objects may exist):

Each of these objects has its own rules for scoping and containment.


The Window Object

The top level object is a window. Every window contains:

•	Frame - Array of contained frame windows. Each frame is a window that has its own properties, including a document.

•	History - History object for the current window. This object is used to access the history list from the browser.

•	Navigator - Navigator object for the current window. The navigator object contains information about the browser application.

•	Location - Location object for the current window. Provides information about the location of the window's URL.

•	Script - Scripting function defined using the SCRIPT element in the window scope.

•	Document - Document in the current window.

The window object properties can be referenced directly by scripts while in the window scope. So, for example, script authors do not need to type:

window.name

to reference the window name; instead, it is sufficient just to type:

name

Note also that it is possible to call scripts from one window object to another. So, to execute the script myscript in the topmost window, use:

top.myscript( )


The Document Object

The document object inherits from the Window object. These object inherit from the document object:

•	Link - Array of hyperlinks found on the given document.

•	Anchor - Array of anchors found on the given document.

•	Form - Array of forms found on the given document.

Because scripts attach to the window object, not the document object, the script author must type document.property to access document properties. For example, to get the title of the document:

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="VBScript">

'...

string1 = document.title     -put the document title into string1

'...

</SCRIPT>

To access the forms in a document, the author can either refer by name or through the form array. For example, the following form can be addressed by name, by index or by index name and array reference:

In this example, the form is addressed by name:

<FORM NAME="Form1">

     <INPUT TYPE="button" NAME="Button1" VALUE="Press" onClick="pressed">

</FORM>

The author can access the object named button1 by name:

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="VBScript">

<!--

Sub Pressed

   document.Form1.Button1.value="Pressed"  '   access the form by name

End Sub

-->

</SCRIPT>

In this example, the form is accessed by index by index:

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="VBScript">

<!--

sub pressed

     document.forms(0).Button1.value="Pressed"   '   access the form by index

end sub

-->

</SCRIPT>

Scripts can refer to contained elements that are not form types directly, without using document. For example, the object "myObject" is referenced directly in script:

<OBJECT NAME="myObject" ... >

</OBJECT>

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="VBScript">

<!--

Sub Foo

     myObject.color = "green"     - access the form by index

End Sub

-->

</SCRIPT>


The Form Object

The form object contains:

•	Element - Array of objects and intrinsic controls contained in the form.

A script can reside either in a form or in a window. If a script lives outside the form, it needs to access the elements in the form, either by name or through the form array (see the example in "The Document Object"). If, however, the script element is inside the form, it can access the elements in the form directly.

<FORM NAME="Form1">

     <INPUT TYPE="button" NAME="Button1" VALUE="Press me">

     <SCRIPT FOR="Button1" EVENT="onClick" LANGUAGE="VBScript">

  alert "I've been pressed"

  document.Form1.Button1.value="Click"

  Button1.value="Click"

     </SCRIPT>

</FORM>

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="VBScript">

sub foo

     document.Form1.Button1.value="Click"

end sub

</SCRIPT>

Note  In vbscript, you must use this form of the syntax to perform validation:

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="VBScript">

function form1_onsubmit()

'do validation here

'if the validation fails, then return false

form1_onsubmit = false

end function

</SCRIPT>

<FORM NAME=form1>

<INPUT TYPE=text VALUE="some value">

<INPUT TYPE=submit>

</FORM>


Object Model Reference

The scriptiing object model includes these objects:

Window Object

Document Object

Form Object

Location Object

Link Object

Anchor Object

Element Object

History Object

Navigator Object


window Object

The top level object in the scripting object model is a window. Every window contains:

•	Frame - Array of frame windows contained by a parent window. Each frame is a window that has its own properties, including a document.

•	History - History object for the current window. This object is used to access the history list from the browser.

•	Navigator - Navigator object for the current window. The navigator object contains information about the browser application.

•	Location - Location object for the current window. Provides information about the location of the window's URL.

•	Script - Scripting function defined using the SCRIPT element in the window scope.

•	Document - Document in the current window.

The window object represents the Internet Explorer window and its methods and properties. Methods and properties of the window object can be called by scripts directly. This means that if you wanted to get the name of the current page, you would use the following script (Notice that the property name does not need a prefix):

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="VBScript">

     '...

     string1=name          - get the name of the current window

     alert string1          - display that name as an alert

     '...

</SCRIPT>

However, you can access the properties of other window objects without explicitly mentioning the window. For example, to get the name of the current window's parent, you would use:

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="VBScript">

     '...

     string1=parent.name       - get the name of the parent window

     '...

</SCRIPT>

Window events can be hooked to scripts using extensions to the BODY tag. To add scripts to a window event, add a script for either the onLoad or onUnload events in the BODY tag at the top of the page. In the following example, the Foo function is called when the page is loaded:

<HTML>

...

<BODY Language="VBScript" onLoad="Foo">

...

<SCRIPT language="VBScript">

...

Sub Foo

MsgBox "This is sub foo"

End Sub

...

</SCRIPT>

....

</BODY></HTML>

To access a window by name, the window must be given a name. This can happen in three ways: by using the window.open method, by creating the window with a name using the FRAMESET element, or by creating the window with a URL using the TARGET attribute.

The following examples all create a window named foo with contents a.htm.

<SCRIPT Language="VBScript">

window.open ("a.htm", "foo");

</SCRIPT>

<FRAMESET COLS = "200, *" FRAMEBORDER=0>

  <FRAME NAME= "frame1" SRC="a.htm">

  <FRAME NAME= "frame2" SRC="b.htm">

</FRAMESET>

<A HREF="a.htm" TARGET = "frame1" Click here to see a.htm in frame "frame1".</A>

Methods

alert, confirm, prompt, open, close, setTimeout, clearTimeout, navigate

Events

onLoad, onUnload

Properties

name, parent, opener, self, top, location, defaultStatus, status, frames, history, navigator, document


Properties

Window properties can be referenced directly in the scripting language. Consequently, all window properties are reserved words and cannot be used as variable names in procedures. The following window properties are used:

name, parent, opener, self, top, location, defaultStatus, status, frames, history, navigator, document


name Property

[window.]name

Returns the name of the current window. This property is read-only.

•	Returns the string containing the current window name or "null" if none.

window

Optional. An object expression that evaluates to a window object. If omitted, the current script window is used.

To set the value of String1 to be the name of the current window, use:

String1=name.

Applies To

Window

Methods

alert, confirm, prompt, open, close, setTimeout, clearTimeout, navigate

Events

onLoad, onUnload

Properties

parent, opener, self, top, location, defaultStatus, status, frames, history, navigator, document


parent Property

[window.]parent

Returns the window object of the window's parent. This property is read-only. The parent of the window is the containing frame. If the current window has no containing frame windows, then the parent evaluates to the current window.

•	Returns the window object that evaluates to the parent window.

window

Optional. An object expression that evaluates to a window object. If omitted, the current script window is used.

To set the value of String1 to be the name of the parent of the current window, use:

String1=parent.name.

Applies To

Window

Methods

alert, confirm, prompt, open, close, setTimeout, clearTimeout, navigate

Events

onLoad, onUnload

Properties

name, opener, self, top, location, defaultStatus, status, frames, history, navigator, document


opener Property

[window.]opener

Returns the window object of the window that opened the current window.

•	Returns the window object that evaluates to the opener window.

window

Optional. An object expression that evaluates to a window object. If omitted, the current script window is used.

To set the value of "String1" to be the opener of the current window, use:

String1=opener.name.

Applies To

Window

Methods

alert, confirm, prompt, open, close, setTimeout, clearTimeout, navigate

Events

onLoad, onUnload

Properties

name, parent, self, top, location, defaultStatus, status, frames, history, navigator, document


self Property

[window.]self

Returns the window object of the current window. This property is read-only.

•	Returns an object that evaluates to the current window.

window

Optional. An object expression that evaluates to a window object. If omitted, the current script window is used.

To set the value of String1 to be the name of the current window, use:

String1=self.name

Applies To

Window

Methods

alert, confirm, prompt, open, close, setTimeout, clearTimeout, navigate

Events

onLoad, onUnload

Properties

name, parent, opener, top, location, defaultStatus, status, frames, history, navigator, document


top Property

[window.]top

Returns the window object of the topmost window. This property is read-only. The topmost window is the containing window of all frames in the current browser instance.

•	Returns an object that evaluates to the topmost window.

window

Optional. An object expression that evaluates to a window object. If omitted, the current script window is used.

To set the value of String1 to be the name of the topmost window, use:

String1=top.name.

Applies To

Window

Methods

alert, confirm, prompt, open, close, setTimeout, clearTimeout, navigate

Events

onLoad, onUnload

Properties

name, parent, opener, self, location, defaultStatus, status, frames, history, navigator, document


location Property

[window.]location

Returns the location object for the current window. For more details, see "location Object."

•	Returns an object that evaluates to the location object of window.

window

Optional. An object expression that evaluates to a window object. If omitted, the current script window is used.

To set the value of String1 to be the name of the URL of the current window, use:

String1=location.HRef.

Applies To

Window

Methods

alert, confirm, prompt, open, close, setTimeout, clearTimeout, navigate

Events

onLoad, onUnload

Properties

name, parent, opener, self, top, defaultStatus, status, frames, history, navigator, document


defaultStatus Property

[window.]defaultStatus[=string]

Sets the default status text in the lower left portion of the status bar.

window

Optional. An object expression that evaluates to a window object. If omitted, the current script window is used.

string

Optional. Sets the default status text to the value of string.

To set the default status to "Hello" use:

defaultStatus="Hello"

Applies To

Window

Methods

alert, confirm, prompt, open, close, setTimeout, clearTimeout, navigate

Events

onLoad, onUnload

Properties

name, parent, opener, self, top, location, status, frames, history, navigator, document


status Property

[window.]status[=string]

Sets the status text in the lower left part of the status bar.

window

Optional. An object expression that evaluates to a window object. If omitted, the current script window is used.

string

Optional. Sets the status text to the value of string.

To set the status to "Hello" use:

status="Hello"

Applies To

Window

Methods

alert, confirm, prompt, open, close, setTimeout, clearTimeout, navigate

Events

onLoad, onUnload

Properties

name, parent, opener, self, top, location, defaultStatus, frames, history, navigator, document


frames Property

[window.]frames[integer]

Returns the array of frames for the current window.

•	Returns an object expression that evaluates to the array of frames.

window

Optional. An object expression that evaluates to a window object. If omitted, the current script window is used.

To set String1 to the URL of frame[0], use:

String1=parent.frames[0].location.href.

Applies To

Window

Methods

alert, confirm, prompt, open, close, setTimeout, clearTimeout, navigate

Events

onLoad, onUnload

Properties

name, parent, opener, self, top, location, defaultStatus, status, history, navigator, document


history Property

[window.]history

Returns the history object of the current window. For more details on methods, properties, and events, see "history Object."

•	Returns an object expression that evaluates to a history object.

window

Optional. An object expression that evaluates to a window object. If omitted, the current script window is used.

Applies To

Window

Methods

alert, confirm, prompt, open, close, setTimeout, clearTimeout, navigate

Events

onLoad, onUnload

Properties

name, parent, opener, self, top, location, defaultStatus, status, frames, navigator, document


navigator Property

[window.]navigator

Returns the navigator object of the current window. For more details on methods, properties, and events, see "navigator Object."

•	Returns an object expression that evaluates to a navigator object.

window

Optional. An object expression that evaluates to a window object. If omitted, the current script window is used.

Applies To

Window

Methods

alert, confirm, prompt, open, close, setTimeout, clearTimeout, navigate

Events

onLoad, onUnload

Properties

name, parent, opener, self, top, location, defaultStatus, status, frames, history, document


document Property

[window.]document

Returns the document object of the current window. For more details on methods, properties, and events, see "document Object."

•	Returns an object expression that evaluates to a document object.

window

Optional. An object expression that evaluates to a window object. If omitted, the current script window is used.

Applies To

Window

Methods

alert, confirm, prompt, open, close, setTimeout, clearTimeout, navigate

Events

onLoad, onUnload

Properties

name, parent, opener, self, top, location, defaultStatus, status, frames, history, navigator


Methods

This section describes the methods for the window object.


alert Method

[window.]alert (string)

Displays an alert message box.

window

Optional. An object expression that evaluates to a window object. If omitted, the current script window is used.

string

A string containing the text to display in the message box.

The following example would display an alert that contained the string "Hello World":

alert ("Hello World")

Applies To

Window

Methods

confirm, prompt, open, close, setTimeout, clearTimeout, navigate

Events

onLoad, onUnload

Properties

name, parent, opener, self, top, location, defaultStatus, status, frames, history, navigator, document


confirm Method

[bool =][window.]confirm (string)

Displays a message box that allows the user to select OK or Cancel.

•	Returns the user response: TRUE if the user pressed OK; FALSE if not.

window

Optional. An object expression that evaluates to a window object. If omitted, the current script window is used.

string

A string containing the text to display in the message box.

The following example would display a message box that contained the string "Do you want to continue?":

x=confirm ("Do you want to continue?")

Applies To

Window

Methods

alert, prompt, open, close, setTimeout, clearTimeout, navigate

Events

onLoad, onUnload

Properties

name, parent, opener, self, top, location, defaultStatus, status, frames, history, navigator, document


prompt Method

[string  =][window.]prompt [prompt] [, default]

Prompts the user for input.

•	Returns the user input.

window

Optional. An object expression that evaluates to a window object. If omitted, the current script window is used.

prompt

Optional. A string containing the text to display in the message box.

default

Optional. A string containing the default text to display in the input field.

Applies To

Window

Methods

alert, confirm, open, close, setTimeout, clearTimeout, navigate

Events

onLoad, onUnload

Properties

name, parent, opener, self, top, location, defaultStatus, status, frames, history, navigator, document


open Method

[newwindow = ][window.]open url, target, ["[toolbar=bool] [, location=bool][, directories=bool][, status=bool][, menubar=bool][, scrollbars=bool][, resizeable=bool][, width=pixels][, height=pixels][, top=pixels][, left=pixels]"]

Creates a new window.

•	Returns an object expression that evaluates to the created window object.

window

Optional. An object expression that evaluates to a window object. If omitted, the current script window is used.

url

A string containing a correctly parsed URL. The URL is parsed identically to a link—both relative and absolute paths are supported.

target

A string containing the name of the target window. If a window with this name already exists, the existing window is reused with the new URL. If the window does not exist, a new window is created with that name. Note that this works identically to the TARGET attribute of an HREF in HTML.

bool

The remaining window properties are passed as a comma-separated list. Most of these can be set to Boolean values, either yes or no [1 or 0]. These properties are toolbar, location, directories, status, menubar, scrollbars, and resizeable.

pixels

Four other properties in this list, top, left, width, and height, have values in pixels.

The following example would create a new window:

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="VBScript">

open "http://www.microsoft.com", "myWindow", "toolbar=no, location=no, directories=no"

</SCRIPT>

Applies To

Window

Methods

alert, confirm, prompt, close, setTimeout, clearTimeout, navigate

Events

onLoad, onUnload

Properties

name, parent, opener, self, top, location, defaultStatus, status, frames, history, navigator, document


close Method

[window.]close

Closes the window.

•	Returns an object expression that evaluates to the indexed frame.

window

Optional. An object expression that evaluates to a window object. If omitted, the current script window is used.

Applies To

Window

Methods

alert, confirm, prompt, open, setTimeout, clearTimeout, navigate

Events

onLoad, onUnload

Properties

name, parent, opener, self, top, location, defaultStatus, status, frames, history, navigator, document


setTimeout Method

ID = [window.]setTimeout expression, msec, language

Sets a timer to call a function after a specified number of milliseconds.

•	Returns the ID of the timer object. This can be used to cancel the timer using the clearTimeout method.

window

Optional. An object expression that evaluates to a window object. If omitted, the current script window is used.

expression

An object expression that evaluates to a function or object property. This function is called when the Timeout is set.

msec

The number of milliseconds that passes before the expression is evaluated.

language

The scripting language used. Can be "VBScript" or "Javascript."

To call Button1.Click after 100 milliseconds, use:

MyID = setTimeout ("Button1.Click", 100).

Applies To

Window

Methods

alert, confirm, prompt, open, close, clearTimeout, navigate

Events

onLoad, onUnload

Properties

name, parent, opener, self, top, location, defaultStatus, status, frames, history, navigator, document


clearTimeout Method

[window.]clearTimout ID

Clears the timer having a particular ID.

window

Optional. An object expression that evaluates to a window object. If omitted, the current script window is used.

ID

The ID of the timer to be cleared. If there is no timer with this ID, the function does nothing.

To clear the timer with ID=MyID, use:

clearTimeout MyID

Applies To

Window

Methods

alert, confirm, prompt, open, close, setTimeout, navigate

Events

onLoad, onUnload

Properties

name, parent, opener, self, top, location, defaultStatus, status, frames, history, navigator, document


navigate Method

[window.]navigate url

Navigates the window to a new URL.

window

Optional. An object expression that evaluates to a window object. If omitted, the current script window is used.

url

A string containing a valid URL. The URL can be either relative or absolute.

Applies To

Window

Methods

alert, confirm, prompt, open, close, setTimeout, clearTimeout

Events

onLoad, onUnload

Properties

name, parent, opener, self, top, location, defaultStatus, status, frames, history, navigator, document


onLoad Event Handler

onLoad=function-name

Fired after all HTML has been parsed and processed.

function-name

An object expression that evaluates to a scripting function.

To call the VBScript function Foo when the page is loaded, use:

<BODY Language="VBScript" onLoad="Foo">

Applies To

Window


onUnload Event Handler

onUnload=function-name

Fired when the contents of the window are unloaded.

function-name

An object expression that evaluates to a scripting function.

To call the VBScript function Foo when the page is unloaded, use:

<BODY Language="VBScript" onUnload="Foo">

Applies To

Window


document Object

An object that resides below the window in the scripting object model. A document may contain:

•	Link - Array of hyperlinks found on the given document.

•	Anchor - Array of anchors found on the given document.

•	Form - Array of forms found on the given document.

The document object reflects the HTML document currently in the browser and objects on the page— links, forms, buttons, and ActiveX objects. Methods and properties of the document object must be called in a script by placing document first in the statement. This means that if you wanted to set the background color on the page, the script would look like:

<script language="VBScript">

     document.bgColor = "Blue"

</script>

The document object currently has no events.

Methods

write, writeLn, open, close, clear

Properties

linkColor, aLinkColor, vLinkColor, bgColor, fgColor, anchors, links, forms, location, lastModified, title, cookie, referrer


linkColor Property

document.linkColor [=rgb-value|string]

Gets or sets the current color of the links in a document.

•	Returns the rgb value of the current link color.

document

An object expression that evaluates to a document object.

rgb-value

Optional. The new color of links in the document.

string

Optional. A string value specifying the color.

Note that this property can only be set at parse time, not after the page is painted. So the code:

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JScript">

document.vLinkColor = "green";

document.linkColor = "red";

document.alinkColor = "aqua";

</SCRIPT>

sets the link color, while the code:

<FORM>

"document.linkColor='#000000'">

<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Set Visited Link Color to White" onClick = "document.vLinkColor='#AAAAAA'">

</FORM>

will have no effect when the button is clicked.

Applies To

Document

Methods

write, writeLn, open, close, clear

Properties

aLinkColor, vLinkColor, bgColor, fgColor, anchors, links, forms, location, lastModified, title, cookie, referrer


aLinkColor Property

document.aLinkColor [=rgb-value|string]

Gets or sets the current color of the active links in a document. A link is active when the pointer is positioned over it and the mouse button is pressed and not released. Note that Internet Explorer does not have this feature, so aLinkColor has no effect; however, it is supported in the object model for compatibility reasons. As with linkColor, this property can only be set at parse time. See the examples in linkColor for details.

•	Returns the rgb value of the current link color.

document

An object expression that evaluates to a document object.

rgb-value

Optional. The new color of links in the document.

string

Optional. A string value specifying the color.

Applies To

Document

Methods

write, writeLn, open, close, clear

Properties

linkColor, vLinkColor, bgColor, fgColor, anchors, links, forms, location, lastModified, title, cookie, referrer


vLinkColor Property

document.vLinkColor [=rgb-value|string]

Gets or sets the current color of the visited links in a document. As with linkColor, this property can only be set at parse time. See the examples in linkColor for details.

•	Returns the rgb value of the current link color.

document

An object expression that evaluates to a document object.

rgb-value

Optional. The new color of links in the document.

string

Optional. A string value specifying the color.

Applies To

Document

Methods

write, writeLn, open, close, clear

Properties

linkColor, aLinkColor, bgColor, fgColor, anchors, links, forms, location, lastModified, title, cookie, referrer


bgColor Property

document.bgColor [=rgb-value|string]

Gets or sets the current color of the background in a document.

•	Returns the rgb value of the current background color.

document

An object expression that evaluates to a document object.

rgb-value

Optional. The new color of the background in the document.

string

Optional. A string value specifying the color.

To set the background color to white, use:

document.bgColor="000000"

Applies To

Document

Methods

write, writeLn, open, close, clear

Properties

linkColor, aLinkColor, vLinkColor, fgColor, anchors, links, forms, location, lastModified, title, cookie, referrer


fgColor Property

document.fgColor[=rgb-value]

Gets or sets the foreground color.

document

An object expression that evaluates to a document object.

rgb-value

Optional. The new color of the foreground in the document.

To set the foreground color to white, use:

document.fgColor="000000"

Applies To

Document

Methods

write, writeLn, open, close, clear

Properties

linkColor, aLinkColor, vLinkColor, bgColor, anchors, links, forms, location, lastModified, title, cookie, referrer


anchors Property

document.anchors[integer]

Returns the array of anchors in a document.

•	Returns an object expression that evaluates to the array of anchors.

document

An object expression that evaluates to a document object.

To access the first anchor in the document, use:

document.anchors[0]

To get the length of the anchors array, use:

document.anchors.length

Applies To

Document

Methods

write, writeLn, open, close, clear

Properties

linkColor, aLinkColor, vLinkColor, bgColor, fgColor, links, forms, location, lastModified, title, cookie, referrer


links Property

document.links [integer]

Returns the array of links for the current document.

•	Returns an object expression that evaluates to the array of links.

document

An object expression that evaluates to a document object.

To access the first link in the document, use:

document.links[0]

To get the length of the links array, use:

document.links.length

Note that the locations in the links collection are read-only.

Applies To

Document

Methods

write, writeLn, open, close, clear

Properties

linkColor, aLinkColor, vLinkColor, bgColor, fgColor, anchors, forms, location, lastModified, title, cookie, referrer


forms Property

document.forms [integer]

Returns the array of forms in a document.

•	Returns an object expression that evaluates to the array of forms.

document

An object expression that evaluates to a document object.

To access the first form in the document, use:

document.forms[0]

To get the length of the forms array, use:

document.forms.length

Applies To

Document

Methods

write, writeLn, open, close, clear

Properties

linkColor, aLinkColor, vLinkColor, bgColor, fgColor, anchors, links, location, lastModified, title, cookie, referrer


location Property

document.location

Returns a read-only representation of the location object.

•	Returns an object expression that evaluates to the location object of the document.

document

An object expression that evaluates to a document object.

To set String1 to the document's URL, use:

String1 = document.location.href

Applies To

Document

Methods

write, writeLn, open, close, clear

Properties

linkColor, aLinkColor, vLinkColor, bgColor, fgColor, anchors, links, forms, lastModified, title, cookie, referrer


lastModified Property

document.lastModified

Returns the last modified date of the current page.

•	Returns a string containing the date.

document

An object expression that evaluates to a document object.

To set Date1 to the document's last modified date, use:

Date1 = document.lastModified

Applies To

Document

Methods

write, writeLn, open, close, clear

Properties

linkColor, aLinkColor, vLinkColor, bgColor, fgColor, anchors, links, forms, location, title, cookie, referrer


title Property

document.title

Returns a read-only representation of the document's title.

•	Returns a string expression that evaluates to the title of the document.

document

An object expression that evaluates to a document object.

To set String1 to the document's title, use:

String1 = document.title

Applies To

Document

Methods

write, writeLn, open, close, clear

Properties

linkColor, aLinkColor, vLinkColor, bgColor, fgColor, anchors, links, forms, location, lastModified, cookie, referrer


cookie Property

document.cookie [=newcookie]

Gets or sets the cookie for the current document.

•	Returns a string containing the current cookie.

document

An object expression that evaluates to a document object.

newcookie

Optional. The new value for the cookie. Because the cookie file is just a text file, this value is a string.

The cookie is a string expression stored for the current page. Note that setting the cookie overwrites any current cookie information. Also note that you can use string expressions to locate particular information in the cookie string.

Applies To

Document

Methods

write, writeLn, open, close, clear

Properties

linkColor, aLinkColor, vLinkColor, bgColor, fgColor, anchors, links, forms, location, lastModified, title, referrer


referrer Property

document.referrer

Gets the URL of the referring document.

•	Returns a string containing the URL of the referring document.

Currently returns the URL of the referring document when there is a referrer, and NULL when there is no referrer.

document

An object expression that evaluates to a document object.

The referring document is the document that contained the link the user clicked on to get to the current document. For example, if the user is on www.microsoft.com and clicks on a link to navigate to www.msn.com, the referrer property of the document for www.msn.com is www.microsoft.com. Note that by definition the referrer varies depending on how the user linked to the current document. If the user navigated to the document without clicking on a link from another page, referrer should return NULL.

Applies To

Document

Methods

write, writeLn, open, close, clear

Properties

linkColor, aLinkColor, vLinkColor, bgColor, fgColor, anchors, links, forms, location, lastModified, title, cookie


write Method

document.writestring

Places the given string into the current document. Unless otherwise specified, the string is appended to the current document at the current position.

document

An object expression that evaluates to a document object.

string

The string to write to the current document. Note that the string is added into the HTML directly, so it must be formatted as HTML.

The following examples demonstrate the use of the write method:

<HTML><BODY>

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="VBScript">

document.write ("Hello world.")

</SCRIPT>

This is a document.

</BODY></HTML>

results in:

Hello world. This is a document.

Whereas:

<HTML><BODY>

This is a document.

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="VBScript">

document.write ("Hello world.")

</SCRIPT>

</BODY></HTML>

results in:

This is a document. Hello world.

Applies To

Document

Methods

writeLn, open, close, clear

Properties

linkColor, aLinkColor, vLinkColor, bgColor, fgColor, anchors, links, forms, location, lastModified, title, cookie, referrer


writeLn Method

document.writeLn string

Places the given string into the current document with a new-line character appended to the end.

document

An object expression that evaluates to a document object.

string

The string to write to the current document. Note that the string is added into the HTML directly, so it must be formatted as HTML.

This method is the same as the document.write method with the addition of a newline character at the end. Note that a newline is ignored by HTML unless it is bracketed by <PRE> tags, so in many cases document.write and document.writeLn behave identically.

The following examples demonstrate the use of the writeLn method:

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="VBScript">

document.writeLn ("Hello world.")

document.write ("Hello world.")

</SCRIPT>

results in:

Hello world.  Hello world.

Whereas:

<PRE>

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="VBScript">

document.writeLn ("Hello world.")

document.write ("Hello world.")

</SCRIPT>

</PRE>

results in:

Hello world.

Hello world.

Applies To

Document

Methods

write, open, close, clear

Properties

linkColor, aLinkColor, vLinkColor, bgColor, fgColor, anchors, links, forms, location, lastModified, title, cookie, referrer


open Method

document.open

Opens the document stream for output.

document

An object expression that evaluates to a document object.

Generally document.open is followed by a sequence of document.write or document.writeLn statements, followed by document.close. If the referenced document exists already, any information contained in the document is cleared. To write "Hello World" to the document, use:

document.open

document.writeLn "Hello World"

document.close

Note that this is identical to:

document.writeLn "Hello World"

with two exceptions.

•	In the first example, "Hello World" is written to the screen after document.close; in the second, it is written immediately.

•	In the first example, document.open clears the document if there is data; in the second, "Hello World" is appended to the end.

Applies To

Document

Methods

write, writeLn, close, clear

Properties

linkColor, aLinkColor, vLinkColor, bgColor, fgColor, anchors, links, forms, location, lastModified, title, cookie, referrer


close Method

document.close

Updates the screen to display all of the strings written after the last open method call.

document

An object expression that evaluates to a document object.

Applies To

Document

Methods

write, writeLn, open, clear

Properties

linkColor, aLinkColor, vLinkColor, bgColor, fgColor, anchors, links, forms, location, lastModified, title, cookie, referrer


clear Method

document.clear

Closes the document output stream and writes the data to the screen. See the open method description for more information and examples.

document

An object expression that evaluates to a document object.

Applies To

Document

Methods

write, writeLn, open, close

Properties

linkColor, aLinkColor, vLinkColor, bgColor, fgColor, anchors, links, forms, location, lastModified, title, cookie, referrer


form Object

An object that resides below the document in the scripting object model. A form may contain:

•	Element - The array of objects and intrinsic controls contained in the form.

The form object represents a form in the HTML document. Forms are kept in the document object both as an array and by name. Script forms are accessible either by index (the documents forms array) or by name (given in the NAME="somename" attribute of the HTML <FORM> tag). Given a document with one form defined, the script can access the form in one of two ways:

<script language="VBScript">

' ...first method, by name ...

sub pressedByName

     document.Form1.Button1.value="I've been pressed"     ' access the form by name

end sub

' ... second method, by index...

' Note that indexes start at 0, not 1!

sub pressedByIndex

     document.forms. (0).Button1.value="I've been pressed"     ' access the form by index

end sub

</script>

<form name="Form1">

     <input type="button" name="Button1" value="Press ME" onClick="pressedByName" language="VBScript">

     <input type="button" name="Button2" value="Press ME" onClick="pressedByIndex" language="VBScript">

</form>

Methods

submit

Events

onSubmit

Properties

action, encoding, method, target, elements


action Property

form.action[=string]

Gets or sets the address to be used to carry out the action of the form.

•	Returns a string containing the current form action.

form

An object expression that evaluates to a form object.

string

Optional. A string containing the new action, generally a URL.

If no URL is specified, the base URL of the document is used. Note that this is identical to changing the ACTION attribute of the <FORM> tag. So the script:

document.form[0].action = "http:// www.sample.com/bin/search"

is identical to the following:

<FORM ACTION="http:// www.sample.com/bin/search">

</FORM>

Applies To

Form

Methods

submit

Events

onSubmit

Properties

encoding, method, target, elements


encoding Property

form.encoding[=string]

Gets or sets the encoding for the form.

•	Returns a string containing the current form encoding.

form

An object expression that evaluates to a form object.

string

Optional. A string containing the new encoding. This must be a valid mime type, like "text/html."

If no mime type is specified, "text/html" is used. Note that this is identical to changing the ENCTYPE attribute of the <FORM> tag. So the script:

document.form[0].action = "http:// www.sample.com/bin/search"

document.form[0].enctype = "text/html"

is identical to the following:

<FORM ACTION="http:// www.sample.com/bin/search" ENCTYPE="text/html">

</FORM>

Note that in the current build, encoding can be set, but has no effect on the operation of the form.

Applies To

Form

Methods

submit

Events

onSubmit

Properties

action, method, target, elements


method Property

form.method[string]

Indicates how the form data should be sent to the server.

•	Returns a string containing the current form method.

form

An object expression that evaluates to a form object.

string

Optional. A string containing the new method, either GET or POST.

GET means append the arguments to the action URL and open it as if it were an anchor; POST means send the data via an HTTP post transaction. Note that this is identical to the METHOD attribute of the <FORM> tag, so the script:

document.form[0].action = "http:// www.sample.com/bin/search"

document.form[0].method = "GET"

is identical to the following:

<FORM ACTION="http:// www.sample.com/bin/search" METHOD=GET>

</FORM>

Applies To

Form

Methods

submit

Events

onSubmit

Properties

action, encoding, target, elements


target Property

form.target [=string]

Specifies the name of the target window to display the form results in.

•	Returns a string containing the current form target.

form

An object expression that evaluates to a form object.

string

Optional. A string containing the new target name.

Note that this is identical to the TARGET attribute of the <FORM> tag, so the script:

document.form[0].action = "http:// www.sample.com/bin/search"

document.form[0].target = "newWindow"

is identical to the following:

<FORM ACTION="http:// www.sample.com/bin/search" TARGET="newWindow">

</FORM>

Note that in the current build, target can be set; however, it has no effect on the operation of the form.

Applies To

Form

Methods

submit

Events

onSubmit

Properties

action, encoding, method, elements


elements Property

form.elements[=string]

Returns the array of elements contained in the form.

•	Returns an object expression that evaluates to the array of elements in a form.

form

An object expression that evaluates to a form object.

The elements include any intrinsics (specified using the INPUT tag) or any embedded objects (specified using the OBJECT tag) contained in the form. So, the HTML:

<FORM ACTION="http:// www.sample.com/bin/search" METHOD=GET>

<INPUT NAME="aButton" TYPE ... >

<INPUT NAME="aCheckBox" TYPE ... >

<OBJECT NAME="anObject" DATA=...></OBJECT>

<INPUT NAME="aRadio" TYPE ... >

</FORM>

would generate an elements array where form.elements.length returns 4, and form.elements[2].name returns "anObject".

Applies To

Form

Methods

submit

Events

onSubmit

Properties

action, encoding, method, target


submit Method

form.submit

Submits the form. Note that this is identical to clicking a form input with TYPE=SUBMIT.

form

An object expression that evaluates to a form object.

Applies To

Form

Events

onSubmit

Properties

action, encoding, method, target, elements


onSubmit Event

form.onSubmit =action

Fired when the form is submitted.

form

An object expression that evaluates to a form object.

action

A string expression that evaluates to a scripting function call.

This event can be used to prevent the form from being submitted, or it can be used to run additional code before the form is submitted. To prevent the form from being submitted, you must use "return <function>." So, the script:

form.onsubmit = "return IsValid()"

calls IsValid and submits the form if it returns TRUE, or does not submit the form if it returns FALSE, while:

form.onsubmit = "IsValid()"

calls IsValid and submits the form regardless of return value.

Applies To

Form

Methods

submit

Properties

action, encoding, method, target, elements


location Object

An object that resides below the window in the scripting object model. The location object represents the current URL:

Setting any portion of the location object causes the browser to navigate to the newly constructed URL. The following script navigates to http://www.microsoft.com:

<script language="VBScript">

     [some preceding VBScript code]

     location.href="http://www.microsoft.com"

</script>

Properties

href, protocol, host, hostname, port, pathname, search, hash


href Property

location.href [=string]

Gets or sets the compete URL for the location.

•	Returns a string containing the complete URL for the location.

location

An object expression that evaluates to a location object.

string

Optional. The new string value.

Applies To

Location

Properties

protocol, host, hostname, port, pathname, search, hash


protocol Property

location.protocol [=string]

Gets or sets the protocol portion of the URL.

•	Returns a string containing the protocol portion of the URL.

location

An object expression that evaluates to a location object.

string

Optional. The new string value.

For http://www.microsoft.com, this would return http:.

Applies To

Location

Properties

href, host, hostname, port, pathname, search, hash


host Property

location.host [=string]

Gets or sets the host and port portions of the URL (hostname:port.).

•	Returns a string containing the host and port portions of the URL.

location

An object expression that evaluates to a location object.

string

Optional. The new string value.

For http://www.microsoft.com:80, this would be www.microsoft.com:80. For file: protocols, this always returns "".

Applies To

Location

Properties

href, protocol, hostname, port, pathname, search, hash


hostname Property

location.hostname [=string]

Gets or sets the host portion of the URL, either a name or an IP address.

•	Returns a string containing the hostname portion of the URL.

location

An object expression that evaluates to a location object.

string

Optional. The new string value.

For http://www.microsoft.com, this would return www.microsoft.com. For file: protocols, this always returns "".

Applies To

Location

Properties

href, protocol, host, port, pathname, search, hash


port Property

location.port [=string]

Gets or sets the port of the URL.

•	Returns a string containing the port of the URL.

location

An object expression that evaluates to a location object.

string

Optional. The new string value.

For http://www.microsoft.com:80, this returns 80. For file: protocols, this always returns "".

Applies To

Location

Properties

href, protocol, host, hostname, pathname, search, hash


pathname Property

location.pathname [=string]

Gets or sets the pathname in the URL.

•	Returns a string containing the pathname portion of the URL.

location

An object expression that evaluates to a location object.

string

Optional. The new string value.

For http://www.microsoft.com/intdev, this returns intdev.

Applies To

Location

Properties

href, protocol, host, hostname, port, search, hash


search Property

location.search [=string]

Gets or sets the search portion of the URL, if specified.

•	Returns a string containing the search portion of the URL.

location

An object expression that evaluates to a location object.

string

Optional. The new string value.

For http://www.microsoft.com/intdev?user, this returns ?user. For http://www.microsoft.com/intdev, this returns NULL.

Applies To

Location

Properties

href, protocol, host, hostname, port, pathname, hash


hash

location.hash [=string]

Gets or sets the hash portion of the URL, if specified.

•	Returns a string containing the hash portion of the URL.

location

An object expression that evaluates to a location object.

string

Optional. The new string value.

Applies To

Location

Properties

href, protocol, host, hostname, port, pathname, search


link Object

An object that resides below the document in the scripting object model. This object specifies an array of links for a given document.

The link object is referenced as a read-only property array. A link object is constructed for every link that appears in the HTML document. A link is defined in scripting as the anchor tag <A> containing the HREF attribute, <A HREF="http://www.microsoft.com">. All properties of the link object are read-only and are the same as the location object's properties. It is only accessible through the indexed array. The following lines of script would set linktext to the third link on the page (if it exists):

<script language="VBScript">

[some preceding VBScript code]

linktext = document.links(2).href

[some following VBScript code]

</script>

Events

onMouseMove, onMouseOver, onClick

Properties

href, protocol, host, hostname, port, pathname, search, hash, target


href Property

link.href[=string]

Returns the compete URL for the link.

•	Returns a string containing the complete URL for the link.

link

An object expression that evaluates to a link object.

Applies To

Link

Events

onMouseMove, onMouseOver, onClick

Properties

protocol, host, hostname, port, pathname, search, hash, target


protocol Property

link.protocol

Returns the protocol portion of the URL.

•	Returns a string containing the protocol portion of the URL.

link

An object expression that evaluates to a link object.

For http://www.microsoft.com, this would return http:.

Applies To

Link

Events

onMouseMove, onMouseOver, onClick

Properties

href, host, hostname, port, pathname, search, hash, target


host Property

link.host

Returns the host and port portions of the URL (hostname:port).

•	Returns a string containing the host and port portions of the URL.

link

An object expression that evaluates to a link object.

For http://www.microsoft.com, this would return www.microsoft.com:80.

Applies To

Link

Events

onMouseMove, onMouseOver, onClick

Properties

href, protocol, hostname, port, pathname, search, hash, target


hostname Property

link.hostname

Returns the host portion of the URL, either a name or an IP address.

•	Returns a string containing the hostname portion of the URL.

link

An object expression that evaluates to a link object.

For http://www.microsoft.com, this would return www.microsoft.com.

Applies To

Link

Events

onMouseMove, onMouseOver, onClick

Properties

href, protocol, host, port, pathname, search, hash, target


port Property

link.port

Returns the port of the URL.

•	Returns a string containing the port of the URL.

link

An object expression that evaluates to a link object.

For http://www.microsoft.com, this returns 80 (the default for HTTP).

Applies To

Link

Events

onMouseMove, onMouseOver, onClick

Properties

href, protocol, host, hostname, pathname, search, hash, target


pathname Property

link.pathname

Returns the pathname in the URL.

•	Returns a string containing the pathname portion of the URL.

link

An object expression that evaluates to a link object.

For http://www.microsoft.com/intdev, this returns /intdev.

Applies To

Link

Events

onMouseMove, onMouseOver, onClick

Properties

href, protocol, host, hostname, port, search, hash, target


search Property

link.search

Returns the search portion of the URL, if specified.

•	Returns a string containing the search portion of the URL.

link

An object expression that evaluates to a link object.

For http://www.microsoft.com/intdev?user, this returns user.

Applies To

Link

Events

onMouseMove, onMouseOver, onClick

Properties

href, protocol, host, hostname, port, pathname, hash, target


hash Property

link.hash

Returns the hash portion of the URL, if specified.

•	Returns a string containing the hash portion of the URL. If no hash is specified, this property returns NULL.

link

An object expression that evaluates to a link object.

The hash portion of the URL is the section after #, including the #. For http://www.microsoft.com/intdev#user, this returns #user.

Applies To

Link

Events

onMouseMove, onMouseOver, onClick

Properties

href, protocol, host, hostname, port, pathname, search, target


target Property

link.target

Returns the target of the link, if specified.

•	Returns a string containing the target of the link.

link

An object expression that evaluates to a link object.

This is the same as the value of the TARGET attribute of the LINK tag.

Applies To

Link

Events

onMouseMove, onMouseOver, onClick

Properties

href, protocol, host, hostname, port, pathname, search, hash


Events

Link events can be used to set status bar text or other custom actions on mouse movement. The following example is an excerpt from an HTML document that uses a text control to display rich information about the links in an image map. The code decides on the link location.

<script language="VBScript" for="Link1" event="onMouseMove(shift, button, x, y)">

if (InRect(x, y,  5, 30, 120, 85)=true) then

DescribeLink "A full description of Microsoft's product line"

[some following VBScript code]

</script>


onMouseMove Event Handler

link.onMouseMove shift, button, x, y

Fires an event any time the pointer moves over a link.

link

An object expression that evaluates to a link object.

shift

The status of the shift key.

button

Indicates which button is pressed, if any.

x

The horizontal position of the pointer, in pixels.

y

The vertical position of the pointer, in pixels.

Shift and button are currently set to zero. x and y contain the actual positional data. To attach scripts or behavior to this event, use the SCRIPT tag as follows:

<script language=script-engine for=link-name event="onMouseMove(shift, button, x, y)">

Applies To

Link

Events

onMouseOver, onClick

Properties

href, protocol, host, hostname, port, pathname, search, hash, target


onMouseOver Event Handler

link.onMouseOver

Fires an event any time the pointer moves over a link.

link

An object expression that evaluates to a link object. Note: this does not work if the link is inside of a form.

To attach scripts or behavior to this event, use the SCRIPT tag as follows:

<script language=script-engine for=link-name event="onMouseOver">

or attach a script directly in the HTML:

<A HREF="http://www.microsoft.com" onMouseOver="alert ('Clicked here')">To Microsoft</A>

Applies To

Link

Events

onMouseMove, onClick

Properties

href, protocol, host, hostname, port, pathname, search, hash, target


onClick Event Handler

link.onClick

Fires an event any time you click on a link.

link

An object expression that evaluates to a link object.

To attach scripts or behavior to this event, use the SCRIPT tag as follows:

<script language=script-engine for=link-name event="onClick">

or attach a script directly in the HTML:

<A HREF="http://www.microsoft.com" onClick="alert ('Clicked here')">To Microsoft</A>

Applies To

Link

Events

onMouseMove, onMouseOver

Properties

href, protocol, host, hostname, port, pathname, search, hash, target


anchor Object

An object that resides below the document in the scripting object model. This object specifies an array of anchors for a given document. Each entry in this array corresponds to an anchor tag, <A>, that is found in the corresponding document.

The anchor object is referenced as a read-only property array. An anchor object is constructed for every anchor tag, <A>, found in the HTML document. It is only accessible through the indexed array. The following lines of script would set anchortext to the name of the third anchor on the page (if it exists).

<script language="VBScript">

     [some preceding VBScript code]

     anchortext = document.anchors(2).name

     [some following VBScript code]

</script>


name Property

anchor.name [=string]

Gets or sets the name of the anchor.

•	Returns a string containing the complete name of the anchor.

anchor

An object expression that evaluates to an anchor object.

string

A string containing the new anchor name.


element Object

An object that resides below the document in the scripting object model. Elements are intrinsic HTML controls or objects. Controls are placed on a document with the <INPUT> tag while objects are placed on a document with the <OBJECT> tag.

Elements are intrinsic HTML controls (placed on a page through the input tag <INPUT>) or objects that are insertable in HTML via the object tag <OBJECT>. These include ActiveX Controls. They can be referenced either by array or name, but this reference must follow the form identifier. Not all properties, methods, and events apply to all elements. Some properties apply to all elements; some only apply to specific elements. See the list below for details by element type, then see the specific method, event, or property documentation for details.

Element	Properties	Methods	Events
button, reset, submit	form, name, value	click	onClick
checkbox	form, name, value, checked, defaultChecked	click	onClick
radio	form, name, value, checked	click, focus	onClick
password	form, name, value, defaultValue	focus, blur, select
text, textarea	form, name, value, defaultValue	focus, blur, select	onFocus, onBlur, onChange, onSelect
select	name, length, options, selectedIndex	focus, blur	onFocus, onBlur, onChange
hidden	name, value
Methods

click, focus, blur, select

Events

onClick, onFocus, onBlur, onChange, onSelect

Properties

form, name, value, defaultValue, checked, defaultChecked, length, options, selectedIndex


form Property

element.form

Gets the form object containing the element.

•	Returns an object expression that evaluates to a form object.

element

An object expression that evaluates to the form containing the element

Applies To

All elements except select and hidden.

Methods

click, focus, blur, select

Events

onClick, onFocus, onBlur, onChange, onSelect

Properties

name, value, defaultValue, checked, defaultChecked, length, options, selectedIndex


name Property

element.name [=string]

Gets or sets the name of the element.

•	Returns a string containing the name of the element.

element

An object expression that evaluates to an intrinsic control.

string

Optional. A string containing the new element name.

Applies To

All elements

Methods

click, focus, blur, select

Events

onFocus, onBlur, onChange, onSelect

Properties

form, value, defaultValue, checked, defaultChecked, length, options, selectedIndex


value Property

element.value [=string]

Gets or sets the value of the element.

•	Returns a string containing the value of the element.

element

An object expression that evaluates to an intrinsic control.

string

Optional. A string containing the new element value.

Applies To

All elements

Methods

click, focus, blur, select

Events

onClick, onFocus, onBlur, onChange, onSelect

Properties

form, name, defaultValue, checked, defaultChecked, length, options, selectedIndex


defaultValue Property

element.defaultValue [=string]

Gets or sets the default value of the element.

•	Returns a string containing the default value of the element.

element

An object expression that evaluates to an intrinsic control.

string

Optional. A string containing the new default value.

Applies To

password, text, textarea

Methods

click, focus, blur, select

Events

onClick, onFocus, onBlur, onChange, onSelect

Properties

form, name, value, checked, defaultChecked, length, options, selectedIndex


checked Property

element.checked [=bool]

Gets or sets the checked state of the checkbox.

•	Returns 1 if the checkbox or radio button is checked; 0 if not.

element

An object expression that evaluates to an intrinsic control.

string

Optional. Sets the checked state of the checkbox or the radio button.

Applies To

checkbox, radio button

Methods

click, focus, blur, select

Events

onClick, onFocus, onBlur, onChange, onSelect

Properties

form, name, value, defaultValue, defaultChecked, length, options, selectedIndex


defaultChecked Property

element.defaultChecked [=bool]

Gets or sets the default checked property of the checkbox.

•	Returns TRUE if the checkbox is checked by default; FALSE if not.

element

An object expression that evaluates to an intrinsic control.

string

Optional. Sets the default state of the checkbox.

Applies To

checkbox

Methods

click, focus, blur, select

Events

onClick, onFocus, onBlur, onChange, onSelect

Properties

form, name, value, defaultValue, checked, length, options, selectedIndex


length Property

element.length

Gets the number of options in a select element.

•	Returns an integer specifying the number of options in a select element.

element

An object expression that evaluates to a select element.

Applies To

select

Methods

click, focus, blur, select

Events

onClick, onFocus, onBlur, onChange, onSelect

Properties

form, name, value, defaultValue, checked, defaultChecked, options, selectedIndex


options Property

element.options

Gets the <options> tags for a select element.

•	Returns an object with the <options> for a select element.

element

An object expression that evaluates to a select element.

The options array has the following properties:

defaultSelected 	Identifies the currently selected attribute.

index 	Specifies the index of an option.

length 	Specifies the number of options in the selected object.

name 	Specifies the name attribute of the selected object.

selected 	Used to programmatically select an option.

selectedIndex 	Specifies the index of the selected option.

text 	Specifies the text to be displayed (this text follows the <option> tag).

value 	Specifies the value attribute.

Applies To

select

Methods

click, focus, blur, select

Events

onClick, onFocus, onBlur, onChange, onSelect

Properties

form, name, value, defaultValue, checked, defaultChecked, length, selectedIndex


selectedIndex Property

element.selectedIndex

Gets the index for the selected option (or the first option selected when there are multiple selected options).

•	Returns an integer specifying the index for the selected option in a select element.

element

An object expression that evaluates to a select element.

Applies To

select

Methods

click, focus, blur, select

Events

onClick, onFocus, onBlur, onChange, onSelect

Properties

form, name, value, defaultValue, checked, defaultChecked, length, options


click Method

element.click

Clicks the element.

element

An object expression that evaluates to an intrinsic control.

Applies To

button, reset, submit, checkbox, radio

Methods

focus, blur, select

Events

onClick, onFocus, onBlur, onChange, onSelect

Properties

form, name, value, defaultValue, checked, defaultChecked, length, options, selectedIndex


focus Method

element.focus

Sets the focus to the element.

element

An object expression that evaluates to an intrinsic control.

Applies To

password, text, textarea, select

Methods

click, blur, select

Events

onClick, onFocus, onBlur, onChange, onSelect

Properties

form, name, value, defaultValue, checked, defaultChecked, length, options, selectedIndex


blur Method

element.blur

Clears the focus from the element.

element

An object expression that evaluates to an intrinsic control.

Applies To

password, text, textarea, select

Methods

click, focus, select

Events

onClick, onFocus, onBlur, onChange, onSelect

Properties

form, name, value, defaultValue, checked, defaultChecked, length, options, selectedIndex


select Method

element.select

Selects the contents of the element.

element

An object expression that evaluates to an intrinsic control.

Applies To

password, text, textarea

Methods

click, focus, blur

Events

onClick, onFocus, onBlur, onChange, onSelect

Properties

form, name, value, defaultValue, checked, defaultChecked, length, options, selectedIndex


Event Handlers

There are two ways to script events from objects:

1	Using the onEvent="subroutine" syntax. This method can be used for any HTML intrinsic elements, such as forms, buttons, or links. This method does not work for items inserted using the OBJECT tag. The following example uses this syntax in Button1 to handle onClick:

<form name="Form1">

     <input type="button" name="Button1" value="Press me" onClick="pressed">

</form>

<script language="VBScript">

     sub pressed

     alert "I've been pressed"

     document.Form1.Button1.value="OUCH"

     end sub

</script>

2	Using the FOR="object" EVENT="eventname" syntax. This method can be used for any named element and any element inserted using the OBJECT tag. The following example is the same as the first but with a different syntax:

<form name="Form1">

     input type="button" name="Button1" value="Press">

     <script for="Button1" event="onClick" language="VBScript">

     alert "Button pressed"

     document.Form1.Button1.value="Pressed"

     </script>

</form>


onClick Event Handler

element.onClick

Fired when the element is clicked.

element

An object expression that evaluates to an intrinsic control.

Applies To

button, reset, submit, checkbox, radio

Methods

click, focus, blur, select

Events

onFocus, onBlur, onChange, onSelect

Properties

form, name, value, defaultValue, checked, defaultChecked, length, options, selectedIndex


onFocus Event Handler

element.onFocus

Fired when the element gets the focus.

element

An object expression that evaluates to an intrinsic control.

Applies To

select, text, textarea

Methods

click, focus, blur, select

Events

onClick, onBlur, onChange, onSelect

Properties

form, name, value, defaultValue, checked, defaultChecked, length, options, selectedIndex


onBlur Event Handler

element.onBlur

Fired when the element loses the focus.

element

An object expression that evaluates to an intrinsic control.

Applies To

select, text, textarea

Methods

click, focus, blur, select

Events

onClick, onFocus, onChange, onSelect

Properties

form, name, value, defaultValue, checked, defaultChecked, length, options, selectedIndex


onChange Event Handler

element.onChange

Fired when the element has changed.

element

An object expression that evaluates to an intrinsic control.

Applies To

select, text, textarea

Methods

click, focus, blur, select

Events

onClick, onFocus, onBlur, onSelect

Properties

form, name, value, defaultValue, checked, defaultChecked, length, options, selectedIndex


onSelect Event Handler

element.onSelect

Fired when the contents of the element are selected.

element

An object expression that evaluates to an intrinsic control.

Applies To

text, textarea

Methods

click, focus, blur, select

Events

onClick, onFocus, onBlur, onChange

Properties

form, name, value, defaultValue, checked, defaultChecked, length, options, selectedIndex


history Object

An object that resides below the window in the scripting object model. This object accesses the history list from the browser.

The history object exposes methods for navigating through the current history.

Methods

back, forward, go

Properties

length


length Property

history.length

Returns the length of the history list.

•	Returns the number of entries in the history.

Always returns zero in current implementation.

history

An object expression that evaluates to a history object.

Applies To

History

Methods

back, forward, go


back Method

history.back n

Jumps back in the history n steps. This behaves exactly as if the user has clicked on the back button n times.

history

An object expression that evaluates to a history object.

n

The number of pages to jump back in the history. n is always an integer >= 0.

Applies To

History

Methods

forward, go

Properties

length


forward Method

history.forward n

Jumps forward in the history n steps. This behaves exactly as if the user has clicked on the forward button n times.

history

An object expression that evaluates to a history object.

n

The number of pages to jump forward in the history. n is always an integer >= 0.

Applies To

History

Methods

back, go

Properties

length


go Method

history.go n

Goes to the n th item in the history, where history.go 1 jumps to the first item in the history.

history

An object expression that evaluates to a history object.

n

The index of the history entry.

Applies To

History

Methods

back, forward

Properties

length


navigator Object

An object that resides below the window in the scripting object model. The navigator object provides information about the browser in use.

Properties

appCodeName, appName, appVersion, userAgent


appCodeName Property

navigator.appCodeName

Returns the code name of the application.

•	Returns a string containing the current application code name.

navigator

An object expression that evaluates to a navigator object.

Applies To

Navigator

Properties

appName, appVersion, userAgent


appName Property

navigator.appName

Returns the name of the application. Internet Explorer 3.0 currently returns "Microsoft Internet Explorer."

•	Returns a string containing the current application name.

navigator

An object expression that evaluates to a navigator object.

Applies To

Navigator

Properties

appCodeName, appVersion, userAgent


appVersion Property

navigator.appVersion

Returns the version of the application.

•	Returns a string containing the current application version.

navigator

An object expression that evaluates to a navigator object.

Applies To

Navigator

Properties

appCodeName, appName, userAgent


userAgent Property

navigator.userAgent

Returns the user agent of the application. Internet Explorer 3.0 currently returns "Mozilla/2.0 (compatible; MSIE 3.0A; Windows 95)".

•	Returns a string containing the current application user agent.

navigator

An object expression that evaluates to a navigator object.

Applies To

Navigator

Properties

appCodeName, appName, appVersion


Copyrights & Trademarks

Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Companies, names, and data used in examples are fictitious unless otherwise noted. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of Microsoft Corporation.

Microsoft may have patents or pending patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights covering subject matter in this document. The furnishing of this document does not give you the license to these patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights except as expressly provided in any written license agreement from Microsoft.

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